PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Contraceptive Implants--indications”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Subdermal contraceptive implants in nurse-midwifery practice.

Subdermal contraceptive implants have only recently been approved for use in the United States. At present, only one subdermal contraceptive implant, Norplant, is approved in the United States. This article describes the development of Norplant, its efficacy and safety, a description of the system, education for clients, side effects, indications and contraindications, insertion and removal, incorporation into midwifery practice, and education for health professionals regarding its use.

Drug Implants↗
PubMed1991

Subdermal progestin implant contraception.

Sustained-release progestin contraceptives are a new approach to meeting a worldwide need for more effective and acceptable birth control. These contraceptive systems provide low, stable levels of synthetic progestins for periods of months to several years. Unlike earlier injectable and oral contraceptives, they do not cause peaks in progestin levels beyond those required for effective contraception, nor do they employ estrogens. For these reasons, sustained-release progestin systems are without some of the health risks attributed to birth control pills, and they are more effective, as well as easy to use, and completely reversible. They share common side effects, the most frequent of which is irregular menstrual bleeding caused by the erratic shedding of hypotrophic endometrium. Despite this and other minor side effects, most users find the sustained-release systems acceptable alternatives to other methods of contraception. Permanent or biodegradable subdermal implants, injections, intrauterine and intracervical devices, and vaginal rings are all employed as delivery systems for contraceptive progestins. The Norplant (Wyeth Ayerst, Radnor, PA) system, consisting of six silastic tubes filled with levonorgestrel and implanted under the skin, was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and is already used by more than a half million women worldwide. The other sustained-release systems are in various stages of development, at least several years away from general use. When these new methods complete clinical trials, women will be able to choose from among implants, injections, or pellets with various durations of action, all providing convenient, highly effective contraception with low risk to health.

Biodegradation, Environmental↗
PubMed1994

Norplant contraceptive acceptability among women in five Asian countries.

An analysis of 1,882 Asian acceptors of Norplant implants indicates that method acceptability remained high among the 882 women who used the method for five years. Women who discontinued early from the study were, on average, younger than those who completed five years of use. Also, they had fewer live births and were more likely to desire additional children. Overall, about 70% of the women in these countries found the Norplant implant method to be very favorable. The majority (> 40%) of the women found the ease and duration of use of the method to be most attractive, while menstrual disturbances were the least-liked aspect of the method. Although it was apparent that there are still some potential obstacles to Norplant implant acceptance, most noticeably concerns about menstrual irregularities, interest in continuing the method after five years of use is high. Further research of issues related to Norplant implant acceptability may improve continuation rates and overall client satisfaction.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Some biological properties of RMI 12,936, a new synthetic antiprogestational steroid.

A new synthetic steroid, RMI 12,369, was examined for its contraceptive potential in rats and comparisons with ethinyloestradiol were also made. Marked differences in the biological effects of the compounds were found, RMI 12,936 having high antiprogestational but negligible oestrogenic activity. Administration of RMI 12,936 on Day 1 of pregnancy caused acceleration of egg transport, the initial changes being apparent within 12 hr of dosing. Termination of pregnancy was associated with a significant reduction in ovarian weight. On Day 8 of pregnancy, RMI 12,936 resulted in significant ovarian hypertrophy, apparent within 48 hr, possibly due to a luteotrophic stimulus of placental origin. Pregnancy could not be maintained by progesterone implants, indicating that utilization was inhibited. Egg transfer experiments indicated that the primary effects were probably on the maternal reproductive tract. Pregnancy was terminated after administration of RMI 12,936 ON Day 19. The compound also had antifertility activity following intravaginal administration.

Androstenols↗
PubMed2003

Immune-responsive gene 1 is a novel target of progesterone receptor and plays a critical role during implantation in the mouse.

The steroid hormone progesterone (P) is a critical regulator of uterine receptivity during blastocyst implantation. The hormone acts through nuclear P receptors (PRs) to modulate the expression of specific gene networks in various uterine cell types. To identify the P-regulated pathways underlying uterine receptivity, we previously used oligonucleotide microarrays to analyze uterine mRNA profiles at the time of implantation in response to RU486, a PR antagonist. We reported that the mRNA corresponding to the immune-responsive gene 1 (Irg1), a previously described lipopolysaccharide-inducible gene, is one of the several mRNAs that are markedly down-regulated by RU486 in the preimplantation uterus. In the present study, we performed in situ hybridization to show that P stimulates Irg1 mRNA synthesis in the luminal epithelial cells of uteri of ovariectomized wild-type but not PR knockout mice. We also report that Irg1 mRNA was induced in the luminal epithelium of pregnant uterus between d 3 and 5, overlapping the window of implantation. To investigate the function of Irg1 during implantation, we administered sense or antisense oligodeoxynucleotides into preimplantation mouse uteri. Treatment with antisense oligodeoxynucleotides led to suppression in Irg1 mRNA expression without affecting unrelated mRNAs in the pregnant uterus. This intervention was also accompanied by impairment in embryo implantation, indicating that the phenotype is linked to the suppression of Irg1 mRNA. Collectively, our studies identified Irg1 as a novel target of PR in the pregnant uterus and also revealed that it is a critical regulator of the early events leading to implantation.

Animals↗