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Results for “Contraceptive Implants--side effects”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Evaluation of a 1-year levonorgestrel-releasing contraceptive implant: side effects, release rates, and biodegradability.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the release rates, effects on ovulation, and side effects of two lengths of a biodegradable, subdermal contraceptive implant containing levonorgestrel in a caprolactone capsule. DESIGN: Phase II randomized clinical trial. SETTING: Public family planning clinic at an urban general hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-eight healthy, parous, ovulating volunteers. INTERVENTION: Subjects were randomly assigned either a 2.5- or a 4.0-cm contraceptive capsule that was worn under the skin of the upper arm for 1 year if not removed earlier for other reasons. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum concentrations of levonorgestrel, progesterone, estradiol, and lipoproteins were measured as were metabolic parameters. Vaginal bleeding and other side effects were recorded. After implant removal, remaining levonorgestrel, capsule viscosity, and molecular weight were measured. RESULTS: The 4-cm implant provided serum concentrations of levonorgestrel ranging from 0.65 ng/mL shortly after insertion to 0.20 ng/mL at 12 months, but the 2.5-cm implant resulted in levels too low for contraception. The 4-cm implant suppressed ovulation in approximately 80% of cycles over 1 year of use, but the 2.5-cm implant failed to suppress ovulation. The implants were rapidly and easily inserted and removed. They retained structural integrity through 1 year of use. Of 48 subjects, 32 had abnormal bleeding patterns; the mean number of days of bleeding per month was 7 with 23 days between episodes. Women using capronor maintained normal metabolic parameters except that low-density lipoprotein decreased slightly. CONCLUSIONS: The 4.0-cm implant is a promising contraceptive. There were no important metabolic effects, but there were bothersome minor side effects typical of progestin-only contraception.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed1979

The use of a contraceptive vaginal ring governed by the pattern of individual uterine bleeding.

Contraceptive vaginal rings (CVR) releasing levonorgestrel and estradiol were used for contraceptive purposes in eight women. They were instructed to remove the CVR for five days only, in the case of bleeding. Three selected subjects were followed by plasma sampling during the first 60 days of treatment. Plasma concentrations of levonorgestrel, progesterone, estradiol and gonadotropins were determined. All subjects kept bleeding records and were controlled clinically in the course of treatment. The subjects were protected an average of 163 days by the CVR. Three subjects used the CVR 170--180 days without removing it and two subjects had to remove the CVR only once. Two subjects experienced quite regular bleedings, and metrorrhagic bleeding was present in one case. No pregnancies were observed during the follow-up period of 1304 days. Clinical examination revealed no pathological findings. The vaginal mucosa tolerated the treatment well. Out of those subjects who were followed by plasma sampling, pituitary suppression was more marked in the subject with continuous use of CVR.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Acceptability of Norplant implants for fertility regulation in Singapore.

The continuation rate at the end of this five-year clinical study was 60% with no accidental pregnancy occurring throughout the five years. The post-removal conception rate in women desiring pregnancy was 92% at the end of two years. The majority of acceptors described the overall experience with the implants as favourable. In fact, 75% of the women planning to use contraception after removal of the implants were going to use implants again.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Two-year follow-up of changes in clinical chemistry in Singaporean Norplant acceptors: haemostatic changes.

A longitudinal study of coagulation parameters was carried out on 100 Singaporean acceptors using Norplant for contraceptive purposes. At the end of 2 years of use, results from this ongoing study indicate that these acceptors continue to have an increased predisposition to thrombosis as evidenced by significant increases in platelet count and aggregability. The shortened but stable prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time and increase in certain coagulation factors indicate that Norplant acceptors still have a possible potential for hypercoagulation at the end of two years of use.

Blood Coagulation↗
PubMed1989

Two-year follow-up of changes in clinical chemistry in Singaporean Norplant-2 rod acceptors: metabolic changes.

In this longitudinal study involving 100 Singaporean acceptors, the effects of Norplant-2 rods on metabolic function was evaluated. The mean serum bilirubin during the second year remained significantly raised from its preinsertion value (p less than 0.001). Furthermore the total proteins and globulin were still significantly decreased (p less than 0.001). Thus with respect to liver function, the results still indicate possible dysfunction at the end of two years. As regards lipid metabolism, the serum triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol still remained significantly decreased at the end of two years when compared to preinsertion values. The HDL-cholesterol levels which showed no significant change during the first year of use decreased significantly during the second year of use. As a result the HDL-cholesterol/Total cholesterol - HDL-cholesterol decreased significantly and was 12.0% lower than the pre-insertion ratio (p less than 0.01). Similarly the LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol increased during the second year of use and was 2.6% higher than its preinsertion ratio. However, this increase was still not statistically significant. As we have not incorporated a simultaneous non-steroid treated control group, the observed changes in lipid metabolism could be attributed to extraneous factors such as diet, exercise or other environmental changes. Nevertheless, the findings at the end of two years, though speculative, still indicate Norplant-2 use to be non-contributory to cardiovascular risk in this population. The use of Norplant-2 was not associated with any significant effect on glucose tolerance after two years of use.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1989

Two-year follow-up of changes in clinical chemistry in Singaporean Norplant-2 rod acceptors: haemostatic changes.

A longitudinal study of coagulation parameters was carried out on 100 Singaporean acceptors using Norplant-2 rods for contraceptive purposes. At the end of 2 years of use, results from this study show a return of platelet count to preinsertion level while platelet aggregation remained significantly enhanced. Thus the net effect of these two changes on an increased tendency for thrombosis needs further evaluation. The PT and APTT continued to remain persistently shortened during the period of use. There was also a general fall in fibrinogen and most other coagulation factors during the two years of use. Thus, again, the net effect of these two changes on the exposed potential for hypercoagulation at the end of the first year needs further evaluation throughout the five years of Norplant-2 use.

Blood Coagulation↗
PubMed1992

Carbohydrate metabolism before and after Norplant removal.

Changes in carbohydrate metabolism, measured by oral glucose tolerance test, were studied in Norplant users before and after removal. The mean area under the glucose curve rose from 24.7 min mmol/L before Norplant insertion to 35.1 min mmol/L before removal and decreased to 26.1 min mmol/L four weeks after Norplant removal. The areas before insertion and after removal were not statistically different (95% confidence interval -3.3 to 0.56, P = 0.16). The mean areas under the insulin curves before insertion (53.14 min uU/L) and after removal (59.46 min uU/L), however, were significantly different (95% confidence interval -7.64 to -5.0, P less than 0.0001). We conclude that changes in carbohydrate metabolism induced by Norplant are reversible once the implants are removed. While the changes in glucose induced by Norplant returned to pre-insertion levels within 4 weeks after removal, insulin changes were slower to return to pre-insertion values.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Two-year follow-up of changes in clinical chemistry in Singaporean Norplant acceptors: metabolic changes.

In this longitudinal study involving 100 Singaporean acceptors, the effects of Norplant on metabolic function was evaluated. With respect to liver function, the results at the end of two years still indicate the presence of possible hepatocellular dysfunction. Despite a 4.5% decrease in serum bilirubin during the second year, the mean serum bilirubin still remained significantly raised (p less than 0.001). Furthermore there was a significant fall in total proteins and globulin during the period under review (p less than 0.001). However mean levels of all three parameters remained within the normal clinical range. As regards lipid metabolism, the total triglycerides and total cholesterol still remained significantly decreased at the end of two years (p less than 0.001). The LDL-cholesterol, which was significantly decreased at the end of one year, increased by 2.2% during the second year. However, this rise in LDL-cholesterol was not significant and was still below the preinsertion level. The HDL-cholesterol levels returned to their preinsertion levels after a significant increase in the first year. The HDL-cholesterol/Total cholesterol - HDL-cholesterol ratio returned to its preinsertion value at the end of two years while the LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio was still significantly lower than the preinsertion ratio (p less than 0.05). As we have not incorporated a simultaneous non-steroid treated control group, the observed changes in lipoprotein lipids could be attributed to extraneous factors such as diet, exercise or other environmental changes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1979

First year clinical experience with six levonorgestrel rods as subdermal contraception.

Previous clinical experience with six levonorgestrel subdermal capsules showed a very good contraceptive effectiveness and continuation rate, but with a high proportion of bleeding disturbances, particularly of increased bleeding. It was hypothesized that bleeding could be reduced by higher plasma levels of the steroid, using subdermal rods instead of capsules, as rods have been shown to have a release rate 3 or 4 times that of the capsules. Fifty volunteers were enrolled in a study of the clinical performance of 6 subdermal levonorgestrel rods. Results were compared with a previous experience with 100 volunteers who wore 6 levonorgestrel capsules for a year in the same clinic. Requirement for volunteers to enter the study were the same for capsules and rods. The proportion of women wearing 6 subdermal rods who had increased bleeding was about one half as for the women using 6 levonorgestrel capsules. On the other hand, women using rods had about twice the incidence of amenhorrea, and about four times more hypomenorrhea (4 days or less of bleeding in a 90-day period). There were no pregnancies among the rod users and the discontinuation rate for medical reasons was not higher than for capsule users in the same clinic.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Norplant.

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Drug Implants↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Characteristics and attitudes of early contraceptive implant acceptors in Texas.

In 1991, shortly after Norplant became available in the United States, 678 women who had received the implant from 17 providers in Texas were surveyed. Forty-five percent of these women were under 21 years old. The majority (56%) had tried the implant because they were dissatisfied with their previous contraceptive method. Forty-four percent of the sample indicated that the implant was one of the first contraceptive methods they had used and that they had only recently decided to prevent unplanned pregnancy. The average number of children per woman was 1.2, and one-third of the sample had had at least one abortion. While 37% of the women said they wanted no more children, 63% said they were using the implant as a spacing method. The reasons for choosing the implant and concerns about it varied according to the user's age, educational level and race or ethnic group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Norplant].

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Adult↗