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11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Contraceptive methods used and preferred by men and women.

In 1997, a random sample of Finnish men (n = 395) and women (n = 393) aged 18-50 years received a postal questionnaire concerning family planning, in which they were asked which contraceptive methods they had ever used and which three methods they considered to be best. Men's contraceptive preferences were compared to those of women. The response rate for men was 45% and for women 56%. The majority of both men and women had used, together with their partners, condom, oral contraceptives (OCs) and intrauterine devices (IUDs). The use of diaphragm, Norplant, Depo Provera and postcoital IUDs was not common. Among the men, 2-11% did not know whether their partner/partners had used the contraceptives in question. Concerning the three best contraceptive methods, men placed the condom first and women OCs. No male or female respondents rated postcoital emergency pills a superior method. Both men and women appreciated the most reliable means.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Preliminary comparison of the polyurethane female condom with the latex male condom in Kenya.

This paper summarizes acceptability data published to date on the innovative female condom, and presents an additional study comparing the acceptability of the female condom and the latex male condom in a sample of low risk women attending private obstetrician/ gynaecologists' clinics in Nairobi, Kenya. Eighty-four percent of all subjects who completed interviewer-assisted questionnaires reported that they liked using the female condom, and more than two-thirds of all the women liked the female condom as much or better than the male condom. Fifty-five percent of the women would use the device in future if it were available. The least liked features were that the device was too large for easy insertion, messy to handle, and reduced sensation. Use became easier and more comfortable with experience. The most liked features were that the device made sex more enjoyable, protected against sexually transmitted diseases and pregnancy, and was under the woman's control. Male partner response was slightly less favourable, and sometimes resulted in women's noncompliance or discontinuation of use, despite the fact that such a device is supposed to empower women. This study provides preliminary data indicating that the female condom is a fairly acceptable method for some Kenyan couples, but recommends further research into safety, cost-effectiveness and hindrances to acceptability.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Male fertility regulation: the challenges for the year 2000.

The search for new, safe, effective and reversible contraceptive methods for men is being pursued by several agencies. The most likely developments before the year 2000 would appear to be: the introduction of more easily reversed procedures of vas occlusion; hormonal means of sperm suppression based on infrequent injections of androgens either alone or combined with other gonadotrophin-suppressing agents. Methods based on new drugs or vaccines are unlikely to be developed by the end of the decade. Research is needed to understand the basis of the differences in efficacy of contraceptive steroids in men of different ethnic origin. Equally there is a need to monitor the safety and acceptability of hormonal methods for men. New targets for drug intervention should be pursued through support of basic science, taking advantage of modern cellular and molecular biological techniques. Finally, the subject of Andrology needs to be strengthened throughout the world so that scientists in developing countries can participate fully in this work.

Contraception↗
PubMed1995

Hormonal male contraception: progress and prospects for the 21st century.

During the second half of the 20th century, progress in developing novel, practical contraceptive methods for men has lagged significantly behind developments for women. Despite the lack of reliable, reversible methods, men throughout the world continue to be strongly involved in family planning but a greater involvement will require more attractive and reliable contraceptive options for men. The closest to fruition are hormonal methods the features of which are reviewed. Landmark WHO contraceptive efficacy studies have established that hormonally-induced azoospermia provides highly effective and reversible contraception for at least 12 months with minimal short-term side effects. Even among the small subgroup of men who remain oligozoospermic during hormonal suppression, good contraceptive efficacy is achieved. The present goals are to develop improved second generation hormonal regimens which provide more uniform azoospermia to obviate the need for monitoring of sperm output and to develop long-acting depot testosterone formulations used alone or with additional gonadotrophin suppressive agents such as progestins or GnRH antagonists. Significant obstacles to progress are the flight of industry from contraceptive R&D dur to the financial deterrent posed by the product liability crisis as well as the low priority accorded male reproductive health. Together those will determine whether the range of contraceptive options available to our children in the 21st century will improve, or whether the historically recent unbalanced increase in reliance on women for family planning will continue.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Male involvement in family planning in Turkey.

Many men in Turkey are motivated to use contraception and to share responsibility for family planning with their wives. About half the couples practising family planning use male-dependent methods. Men commonly use traditional methods, predominantly withdrawal, and should be treated as a specific target group in family planning programmes in order to motivate them to use modern methods.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Challenging the stereotypes: men, withdrawal, and reproductive health in Lebanon.

In Lebanon, coitus interruptus or withdrawal remains a widely practiced method of family planning. Our research sought to understand the role of men in reproductive health in Lebanon by focusing on this common practice. Our main questions were: Why is it that the practice persists when more effective modern methods of family planning are available? How is the decision taken to practice withdrawal? When is withdrawal practiced and with whom? And, finally, does the practice of withdrawal affect sexual pleasure and the sexual relationship more generally?To answer these questions, we embarked on a small exploratory study using in-depth interviews with 16 open-ended questions. We found that the most important reason for the continuing practice of withdrawal is fear of side effects from other methods. Men and women expect pleasure and fulfillment in sexual relations, but they are willing to limit their pleasure to limit their fertility by means they consider safe. No one prototypical practice of withdrawal seems to exist, and this may explain whether or not the method fails to prevent pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

The role of contraceptive supply and demand in Mexican fertility decline: evidence from a microdemographic study.

This paper uses retrospective life history data to assess the impact of family planning services on contraceptive use in a rural Mexican township. Between 1960 and 1990 contraceptive use rose and fertility declined dramatically. Both contraceptive supply and demand factors were influential in these trends. The start of the government-sponsored family planning programme in the late 1970s was associated with a sharp rise in female sterilization and use of the IUD. However, once we controlled for the changing socio-economic and demographic characteristics of the sample, the presence of family planning services had no significant effect on the likelihood that women used modern reversible methods compared to traditional methods. Men and women expressed concerns about the safety of modern methods such as the pill and the IUD. Efforts to increase modern contraceptive use should place greater emphasis on communicating the safety of these methods and improving the quality of services.

Contraceptive Devices↗
PubMed1995

Paternity after cryptorchidism: lack of correlation with age at orchidopexy.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether paternity is decreased among men who were formerly unilaterally or bilaterally cryptorchid and to ascertain whether paternity is related to their age at orchidopexy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Men who underwent orchidopexy between 1955 and 1969 at the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (363) and a group of age-matched control men (336) were surveyed by questionnaire and their medical records reviewed. RESULTS: Of the married men, significantly more of the unilateral cryptorchid (75%) and control (76%) groups had fathered children than had the bilateral cryptorchid group (P < 0.005). Furthermore, when the groups were compared during the period of regular intercourse with no contraception until conception of their first child, the bilateral group had relatively fewer conceptions during the first year and more after the first year. When the unilateral and bilateral groups were analysed separately, there was no relationship between either age at orchidopexy and paternity or between the age at orchidopexy and the duration of regular unprotected intercourse before conception. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with a control group, paternity was compromised after bilateral, but not unilateral, cryptorchidism. Age at orchidopexy was not correlated with paternity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Psychosocial impact of Chlamydia trachomatis testing in general practice.

BACKGROUND: Urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis infections are widespread, and each year many tests are performed in general practice. AIM: First, to quantify the magnitude of stigmatization, problems related to partner, and anxiety of infertility among men and women tested for C. trachomatis in general practice. Second, to investigate the effect of a C. trachomatis test result on planned future condom use. DESIGN OF STUDY: Comparative cross-sectional study. SETTING: General practices in Aarhus County, Denmark. METHOD: Men and women tested for C. trachomatis in general practice were given a questionnaire about feelings of stigmatization, fear of partner's reaction, fear of future infertility and other psychosocial side effects related to being infected or not infected with C. trachomatis. RESULTS: A total of 277 participated in the study. The response rates were 61% (82/135) and 54% (195/365) among infected and non-infected individuals, respectively. Among the infected individuals 32% (9/28) of the men's partners and 35% (19/54) of the women's partners were upset about the test result, 9% (5/54) of the women and 11% (3/28) of the men split with their partner, 59% (32/54) of the women and 54% (15/28) of the men expressed nervousness about infertility, and 91% (19/21) of the women but only 56% (5/9) of the men said that they would use a condom more often in the future. All these figures were significantly lower for both men and women having C. trachomatis negative test results. CONCLUSION: A chlamydia test affects the individual in terms of sexuality, relation to partner, reproduction, and future contraceptive strategy. The influence is highest among women and individuals with a positive test result. These findings should be taken into account in screening programmes targeting young women and men.

Adolescent↗