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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

Influence of oral contraceptives on the acute effect of amphetamine on the hepatic endoplasmic reticulum of the rat.

The interaction between amphetamine and synthetic oral contraceptive steroids have been studied in the female rat. A progestational agent, quingestanol acetate, and a standard combination contraceptive (quingestanol acetate/ethynyl estradiol) were given with and without the concurrent administration of amphetamine. Steroid treatments increased the activity of some drug-metabolizing enzymes (aminopyrine N-demethylase, coumarin 3- hydroxylase, hexobarbital oxidase). Other parameters measured remained unaltered (glucose-6-phosphatase, aniline hydroxylase, cytochrome c reductase, cytochrome P 450, microsomal protein and phospholipid contents). Amphetamine treatment alone raised some drug-metabolizing enzymes (coumarin 3-hydroxylase, hexobarbital oxidase), increased microsomal phospholipid content and de novo synthesis, but elicited no effect on other enzymes measured. Amphetamine and quingestanol acetate given together significantly increased some drug metabolizing enzymes while the simultaneous treatment with combined steroids and amphetamine showed the most pronounced action. These experiments thus revealed that at least in the liver of the female rat, amphetamine elicited no overt hepatotoxicity, rather, brought about a weak inductive action of drug metabolizing enzymes. The application of steroid hormones also raised drug metabolism and the interaction between amphetamine and contraceptive steroids showed additive effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Comparative studies on two combination oral contraceptives, one containing synthetic estrogen, the other "natural" estrogens.

Two combined oral contraceptives, one containing ethinyl estradiol and the other micronized estradiol and estriol, were compared by measuring a variety of endocrine and renal parameters over nine months. Significant changes were observed in plasma renin activity (P.R.A.) on the synthetic estrogen. Much larger changes were observed in the total urinary estrogens on patients taking the "natural" estrogens reflecting the amount of estrogens required to be excreted in the urine.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Contraception].

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Contraception↗
PubMed1978

Steroid hydroxylase induction in cultured human lymphocytes: effects of the menstrual cycle.

Steroid hydroxylases (SAH) are inducible in cultured human lymphocytes following treatment with estradiol-17beta. The enzyme systems induced are carbon monoxide sensitive and convert estradiol-17beta to a metabolite chromatographically indistinguishable from estriol. The level of inducibility of SAH varies drastically over a normal menstrual cycle with maximum induction in the late follicular phase and minimum induction during the luteal phase. The use of an oral contraceptive containing both a synthetic progestogen and ethynyl estradiol reduced SAH induction levels to those typically seen during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1977

d-Norgestrel concentrations in maternal plasma, milk, and child plasma during administration of oral contraceptives to nursing women.

In order to correlate plasma and milk concentrations of d-norgestrel (d-Ng) in lactating women, three oral contraceptives, containing different amounts of this synthetic gestagen, were given to 15 fully lactating women, starting two months post partum. Plasma and milk samples were collected according to a special schedule. d-Ng concentrations in plasma and milk were measured by radioimmunoassay. When d-Ng was measured in milk, extraction was performed with petroleum ether and in the radioimmunoassay an internal standard was used. This method is evaluated in the present paper. The plasma: milk ratio of d-Ng was found to be about 100:15 and the amounts of d-Ng transferred with 600 ml. of milk per day were calculated to be 0.3 an 0.15 microgram with daily intakes of 250 and 150 microgram of d-Ng, respectively, corresponding to about 0.1 per cent of the given dose. When the women received 30 microgram of d-Ng daily, no d-Ng could be detected in the milk. In three of the breast-fed children the d-Ng concentration in plasma was measured. This concentration was found to be in the same range as would be expected after oral d-Ng medication to adults, allowing for body weight differences, indicating that d-Ng is metabolized and is not accumulated in the baby.

Contraceptives, Oral↗
PubMed1976

[Effects of synthetic sex steroids on the pituitary responsiveness to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH) (author's transl)].

Effects of short and long term administrations of an oral contraceptive preparation on the pituitary responses to the synthetic LH-RH were compared in the present experiment. Five normal cycling women were used as controls in the late proliferative phase. Five healty volunteers taking an oral contraceptive agent (1.0 mg norethindrone with 0.05 mg mestranol) for less than 10 cycles were served as short term group and other 4 women taking the same preparation for more than 40 cycles were studied as long term group. Volunteers in each group were kept fasting overnight and 5 ml of blood was drawn at 9 to 10 am on the day of experiment. Ten minutes after drawing blood, 200 mug synthetic LH-RH was injected subcutaneously in the late proliferative phase in the normal cycling women. According to the same procedure, women taking pills were administered LH-RH on the 7th to 12th day after the beginning of taking the first tablet in each cyle. Three ml of blood was taken at 15, 30, 60, 120 minutes and 24 hours, and serum LH and Fsh were determined by the double antibody radioimmunoassay. The 2nd IRP-HMG was used as the standard materials and expressed as mIU/ml of serum. Mean baseline serum LH and FSH concentrations were not suppressed in a short term administration of norethindrone-mestranol combination. Fifteen minutes after the subcutaneous injection of LH-RH, mean LH level was significantly elevated, and thereafter the level was not significantly changed as compared with that seen in the late proliferative phase of the cycle. Concerning the FSH response to LH-RH, a short term administration did not induce a significant rise. ...

Contraceptives, Oral↗
PubMed1977

Human metabolism and steroid contraceptives. Part 1.

Metabolic activation of mestranol and certain progestagens is necessary before combination with their specific receptors. This process is subject to inhibition by other drugs. It is suggested that it is preferable to use agents not requiring metabolic activation. Widespread variation of human metabolic parameters is induced by oral contraceptives. A dose related effect of synthetic oestrogens on the synthesis and release of liver-derived plasma proteins is a major cause of this variation. The changes induced may be modified by norgestrel but not by other available progestagens. Changes in various specific plasma proteins, carrier proteins, enzymes and coagulation factors are discussed.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1977

Phytohemagglutin-induced lymphocyte transformation in oral contraceptive users.

Phytohemagglutin (PHA)-induced lymphocyte transformation (PILT) was determined in 217 women taking oral contraceptives and 203 control women by means of the uptake of 3H-thymidine into DNA of lymphocytes cultured in heterologous serum. Depressed PILT responses were observed in oral contraceptive users as compared with age-matched controls, and the magnitude of depression correlated with the duration of oral contraception and was inversely related to the clinical progestagenic potency of the component steroids. An additional group of 21 women, tested within 1 year (mean 3 months) of cessation of oral contraception, showed persistent depression of PILT responses. Suppression of lymphocyte transformation in autologous as compared with homologous, normal serum suggests that serum inhibitory factors amy be important. We found no evidence for a direct suppressive in vitro effect of synthetic estrogens and gestagens. The prevalence of autoantibodies in oral contraceptive users was similar to that in control subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Oral contraception with an associated therapeutic action using a progestational method at two levels (author's transl)].

The authors, basing their work on their experience over many years with a large number of cases, are proposing that synthetic progestational agents can be used at two levels of dosage, to serve as contraception and as a treatment when a progestational agent is used and is followed by micro-dosages of another progestational substance. So they prescribe at the end a of cycle following different dosages for different lengths of time, the same (or a different) progestational agent to treat breast troubles or menstrual troubles which are often intricate, particularly near the menopause. The authors in this way can compare by trials the effects of this method as compared with those of a progestational contraceptive administered in high doses and prescribed in an interrupted way and the prescription of micro-dosages of progestational agents that are taken "non-stop" which is now a classical method of treatment. This new method of contraception using progestational agents at two levels of dosage is particularly useful in patients who cannot take oestrogens because of metabolic upsets or because of tumours and who have reacted badly to the two other methods mentioned. If the dose, which can be calculated thanks to our knowledge of the hormonal background of the patient, is altered good therapeutic results and a relatively sure method of contraception is evolved without metabolic risks for the patient. This association of two progestational levels of dosage seems to be indicated particularly in women of over 40 years of age.

Adult↗