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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

Adrenal function in normal infants and in marasmus and kwashiorkor. Cortisol secretion, diurnal variation of plasma cortisol, and urinary excretion of 17-hydroxycorticoids, free corticoids, and cortisol.

Normal infants exhibited circadian rhythmicity of plasma F concentration. Infants from 2.1 to 3.2 months of age had CSR significantly higher than those of older infants. THF/THE urinary excretion ratios increased with age. The 17OHCS excretion was higher in the younger infants. Urinary excretions of free corticoids and cortisol were similar in all age groups. In marasmus, plasma F concentrations in the morning and evening were significantly elevated. Normal diurnal variation returned following therapy. CSR and 17OHCS excretions were not different from age controls, but were significantly lower than size controls, THF/THE ratios, urinary excretion of free corticoids and cortisol were normal. In marasmic kwashiorkor, plasma F concentrations were significantly elevated in the morning and evening. There was a suggestive decrease with therapy. CSR was low before and after treatment. THF/THE ratios, urinary 17OHCS excretion, and urinary free corticoids and cortisol were not significantly different from infants matched for size or patients with marasmus.

17-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMed1979

Plasma clearance of cortisol as a function of plasma cortisol levels in normal and obese persons and in patients with uraemia or cirrhosis of the liver.

Plasma cortisol levels in 2 normal persons, 2 obese persons, 2 uraemic patients, and 2 patients with cirrhosis of the liver were raised in 4 steps by a combination of iv priming doses and continuous infusions of cortisol. Plasma cortisol levels and transcortin binding were measured as well as plasma clearance rates of labelled and unlabelled cortisol during each of the 5 experimental periods. Plasma cortisol levels increased less and plasma clearance rates of labelled and unlabelled cortisol increased more in obese persons than in normal persons; in patients with disturbed metabolism of cortisol (uraemia, cirrhosis of the liver) the reverse is true. Plasma clearance rates of free cortisol were calculated and differed from an estimated hepatic plasma flow of 0.7 1/min under certain conditions. Since free cortisol is metabolized faster than transcortin-bound cortisol, increasing plasma clearance rates of cortisol are probably due to increasing ratios free/bound cortisol when total plasma cortisol levels are raised. Low plasma clearance rates of cortisol in uraemia and cirrhosis of the liver are thought to be due to endproduct inhibition, respectively reduced liver cell mass.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The effect of ACTH and cortisol on aldosterone and cortisol clearance and distribution in plasma and whole blood.

The mechanisms of increased aldosterone and cortisol metabolic clearance rates (MCR) following ACTH or cortisol administration were studied in 13 subjects undergoing cardiac catheterization and in 9 healthy controls. In control subjects, the MCR (plasma) of both steroids increased by 29% (aldosterone: from 936 +/- 57 to 1204 +/- 55 l/day/m2, cortisol: from 205 +/- 12 to 264 +/- 17 l/day/m2 +/- SE) after ACTH (12 units/h) for 1 to 4 h, and by 20 and 32%, respectively, after cortisol (12 mg/h) for 1 to 2 h. In contrast, aldosterone MCR (whole blood) did not change with ACTH or cortisol administration (from 1276 +/- 57 to 1330 +/- 59 l/day/m2), indicating that the plasma MCR increase results from a redistribution of aldosterone from plasma to red cells. Aldosterone splanchnic extraction was 92 +/- 1% (n = 12) with normal morning cortisol levels, and extraction was unchanged after ACTH administration. For cortisol, however, the splanchnic extraction increased from 8 +/- 0.8% to 17.8 +/- 5.0%, and the MCR (whole blood) likewise increased by 15 to 31% (from 295 +/- 23 to 357 +/- 30 l/day/m2), after ACTH or cortisol administration. In vivo and in vitro measurements (at 37 C) of tracer aldosterone concentration in plasma and in red cells showed an increase in distribution to red cells with increasing cortisol concentrations. The results suggest that a fraction of aldosterone is bound in plasma and displaced by cortisol into red cells. There is an increased aldosterone plasma MCR, but unaltered whole blood MCR, since the liver extracts aldosterone almost completely from both plasma and red cells. The increase in cortisol MCR (plasma) results from both an increased splanchnic extraction as plasma binding sites approach saturation and a redistribution into red cells.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1976

The effect of hemodilution on plasma levels of cortisol and free cortisol.

The effect of hemodilution on plasma levels of total cortisol and free cortisol was studied in 12 patients undergoing open-heart surgery. In each case, at the onset of extracorporeal circulation (ECC) the hematocrit value was rapidly reduced to 25 to 30 per cent and was maintained around this level during perfusion. Total plasma cortisol levels fell significantly with the hemodilution (p less than 0.0001), but the plasma concentration of free, biologically active cortisol was maintained at its pre-dilution level because of an increase in the percentage of plasma cortisol existing in the free form. There was a highly significant correlation between the degree of hemodilution and the percentage rise in the free cortisol fraction (r = 0.79; p less than 0.001). These results indicate the presence of a compensatory mechanism associated with cortisol binding which maintains the plasma level of free, biologically active cortisol when hemodilution has reduced the plasma level of total cortisol.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Relationship between cortisol metabolic clearance rate and cortisol concentrations in adult male dexamethasone treated guinea-pigs (author's transl)].

Continuous infusion of increasing unlabelled cortisol concentrations and tritiated cortisol was used to state precisely the relation between metabolic clearance rate of cortisol (MCR) and blood cortisol levels, on conscious male adult guinea-pigs under chronic cannulation and treated by dexamethasone. The MCR of cortisol depends on blood cortisol levels : constant for low values of cortisol concentrations (5 and 20 micrograms/100 ml), it rises 50 % between 20 and 50 micrograms/100 ml : from cortisol levels of 50 to 300 micrograms/100 ml, it reaches a maximala and constant value.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Maternal and fetal serum levels of total cortisol and cortisone, unbound cortisol, and corticosteroid-binding globulin in vaginal delivery and cesarean section.

The levels of corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG, transcortin), total cortisol, and unbound cortisol were measured in maternal and fetal serum at the time of cesarean section or vaginal delivery. While the total cortisol levels in maternal serum do not differ significantly in vaginal delivery as compared to cesarean section, cord serum cortisol levels are significantly higher after vaginal delivery. There are no differences associated with the route of delivery between the mean levels of CBG in cord and maternal blood. However, after the vaginal delivery the unbound cortisol level in maternal serum is more than twice as high as that at cesarean section and in cord serum it is seven times as high. These changes reflect changes in total cortisol and may represent a prelabor surge of fetal cortisol production, or a stress response associated with labor, or a combination of both.

Cesarean Section↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Enzyme immunoassay for cortisol in serum using cortisol 21-amine.

Cortisol 21-amine (21-amino-11beta,17-dihydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione) was prepared and an enzyme immunoassay for cortisol in serum was established using cortisol 21-amine conjugated with alkaline phosphatase. The minimal amount of cortisol detected was 1ng/tube and the measurable range was from 1 to 80 microgram/d1, using 10 mu 1 of serum sample. This enzyme immunoassay satisfied the standard criteria of dilution, accuracy and precision. The values correlated well with those obtained by radioimmunoassay. This enzyme immunoassay is applicable to the routine determination of serum cortisol in any clinical laboratory. Cortisol 21-amine was found to be a useful derivative for preparing cortisol-enzyme conjugate in enzyme immunoassay.

Amines↗
PubMed1975

Free cortisol index: a rapid and simple estimation of free cortisol in human plasma.

A rapid and simple method for the estimation of free (nonprotein-bound) cortisol in human plasma is described. Total plasma cortisol (F) was determined by a competitive protein binding assay. An estimate of the saturation of Corticosteroid Binding Globulin was obtained by the use of "charcoal cortisol uptake" (CFU). "Charcoal cortisol uptake ratio" (CFUR) was defined as the ratio of the CFU of the unknown plasma to that of a reference serum pool. Free cortisol index (FFI) was calculated as (total plasma F) times (CFUR). Percent free cortisol and free cortisol concentration (FF) was determined by equilibrium dialysis at 37 C. 169 plasma samples with an F range of 0.8-61.2 mug/100 ml from 18 normal, 10 ACTH-stimulated, 17 estrogen-treated and 12 pregnant subjects were analyzed. A highly significant correlation between FFI and FF was found (r = 0.952). Inter-assay coefficients of variation were 7% for total plasma F and 3.5% for CFU. The method allows the rapid processing of large numbers of samples and can be performed on 0.2 ml of plasma.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1979

Use of sodium salicylate as a blocking agent for cortisol-binding-globulin in a radioimmunoassay for cortisol on unextracted plasma.

This report describes investigations into the use of sodium salicylate as a cortisol-binding-globulin blocking agent and the subsequent development of a radioimmunoassay for cortisol on unextracted plasma. Cortisol antiserum was raised against a cortisol 3-O-(carboxy-methyl) oxime-bovine serum albumin conjugate. A 125I-labelled cortisol-tyrosine methyl ester conjugate was also prepared for use in the assay. The radioimmunoassay developed involved no pre-treatment of extraction of the samples before analysis and was extremely simple to perform. Comparison with another radioimmunoassay for cortisol and with the Mattingly fluorimetric assay gave good correlation.

Anilino Naphthalenesulfonates↗
PubMed1977

[Log-normal distributed plasma cortisol levels of four daily measurements in normal subjects. A comparison of the fluorescence method after de Moor with a radioimmuno assay of plasma cortisol (author's transl)].

The present paper describes the plasma cortisol concentrations on four daily measurements in normal subjects assayed with the fluorescence method after de Moor and with a radioimmuno assay. A comparison of these two methods shows that the determinations of plasma cortisol with the fluorescence method always yielded higher values. Both methods are sensitive enough to detect the circadian rhythm of cortisol secretion. For the purpose of routine diagnostics it is sufficient to measure the maximal and minimal concentrations of plasma cortisol in blood samples taken at 8 a.m. and 8 p.m., respectively. The plasma cortisol measurements should only be attempted after allowing a few days of adaption to the hospital situation. Table 2 shows that the normal plasma cortisol levels are represented only by log-normal distributed values. These concentrations are lower than the linear distributed levels reported so far.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Progesterone in the uterus. VII. Uptake of cortisol and incorporation of progesterone under simultaneous application of cortisol into rat uterus.

After injection of radioactively labelled cortisol, the distribution of the radioactivity in the subcellular fractions of the rat uterus (nuclei, mitochondria, microsomes and 105 000 X g supernatant) was studied. In all fractions, radioactivity was observed and maxima were found 10, 20 and 50 min. after injection of the labelled hormone. Radioactivity was measured in all subcellular fractions even 180 min. after application of labelled cortisol. Additionally, radiolabelled progesterone and unlabelled cortisol in the ratio 1:1 or 1:2 (moles:moles) were injected into the animals. Studying the uptake of labelled progesterone in the subcellular fractions of the uterine tissue, revealed that no competition of unlabelled cortisol could be observed 10, 20 and 50 min. after application of the hormone mixture, compared with the control experiments. The results of this study give evidence that the progesterone uptake into rat uterus is specific and cannot be influenced by unlabelled cortisol.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Effect of aminoglutethimide on urinary cortisol and cortisol metabolites in adolescents with Cushing's syndrome.

The effect of aminoglutethimide (AG) 4 X 250 mg (670 mg/m2 daily by mouth) on the excretion of the free cortisol (radio-immunoassay) and of its metabolites THE, THF-allo THF, cortolone and beta-cortolone (gas chromatography on capillary column) was studied monthly during 3-5 months in four adolescents (one girl, three boys) aged 15.9-18 years with Cushing's syndrome due to bilateral adrenal hyperplasia, but without evidence of a pituitary tumour. Under AG, all compounds decreased to a minimum after 1-2 months. The decrease of THE- THF-allo THF was most marked, followed by cortolone-beta-cortolone and free cortisol. The sum of the conjugated metabolites was normalized, but free cortisol remained high. A rebound was noted after 3-5 months of continued treatment. This was associated with clinical relapse (weight gain, increasing blood pressure). With AG, a non-steroidal peak appeared on the chromatograms. It is concluded that: (1) AG is only temporarily effective in diminishing the excretion of cortisol and its metabolites; (2) paradoxical increments of 17-ketosteroids as reported from colorimetric analysis are non-specific and are probably due to the non-steroidal peak; and (3) AG appears to modify steroid catabolizing liver enzymes (inhibition of 5beta-reductase and/or 3alpha-dehydrogenase, possibly stimulation of 20alpha- and 20beta-dehydrogenases). This could increase the biological half-life of cortisol and contribute to the clinical rebound, which is due to increased ACTH-secretion. Because of its excellent short-term effects, AG appears to be useful to prepare patients for bilateral adrenalectomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Poly-maleic acid anhydride (PMA) coupled cortisol antibody in routine determination of urinary free cortisol.

Antibodies against cortisol-21-hemisuccinate conjugated to bovine serum albumin was raised in rabbits and conjugated with poly-maleic acid anhydride. The conjugate was used in a solid phase radioimmunoassay to measure the urinary excretion of unconjugated cortisol. Cortisol was extracted with methylene chloride, the extract purified by chromatography on Sephadex LH-20, and the cortisol content measured with the radioimmunoassay. The intra-assay variation of the method was 6 per cent and the interassay variation 10 per cent. In 95 normal adult persons the excretion of free cortisol was 11--70, mean 30 micrograms/24 h. No sex or age difference was found. In 8 children aged 7--14 years the excretion was 8--46 micrograms/24 h.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1979

Interrelationships of circulating maternal steroid concentrations in third trimester pregnancies. III. Effect of intravenous cortisol infusion on maternal concentrations of estriol, 16 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, progesterone, 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone, delta 5-pregnenolone, delta5-pregnenolone sulfate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and cortisol.

The effect of a large dose (1000 mg) of iv cortisol-hemisuccinate on circulating steroid concentrations in five women, 28--34 weeks, gestational age, is reported. Maternal concentrations of estriol, 16 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, progesterone, 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone, delta 5-pregnenolone, delta 5-pregnenolone sulfate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and cortisol were measured by RIA before and at 8 and 12 h after iv cortisol infusions at 0 and 8 h. Data were evaluated by repeated measure analysis of variance. Estriol and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone suppressed initially (P less than 0.05) and suppressed further with retreatment and increased treatment time (P less than 0.05). Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and progesterone suppressed initially (P less than 0.05) but did not suppress further with retreatment and increased treatment time (P greater than 0.05). delta 5-Pregnenolone and delta5-pregnenolone sulfate increased initially (P less than 0.05) but did not increase further (P greater than 0.05). Concentrations of 16 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone were unchanged by cortisol infusion initially (P greater than 0.1) and with retreatment and increased treatment time (P greater than 0.1).

20-alpha-Dihydroprogesterone↗
PubMed1979

Effects of obesity, total fasting and re-alimentation on L-thyroxine (T4), 3,5,3'-L-triiodothyronine (T3), 3,3',5'-L-triiodothyronine (rT3), thyroxine binding globulin (TBG), cortisol, thyrotrophin, cortisol binding globulin (CBG), transferrin, alpha 2-haptoglobin and complement C'3 in serum.

UNLABELLED: The effects of total fasting for 31 +/- 10 days followed by re-alimentation with an 800 calorie diet on thyroid function, i.e. T4,T3,rT3,RT3U (resin T3 uptake), and TSH, and on TBG levels in serum were studied sequentially in obese hospitalized patients (N=18). Additionally, cortisol, growth hormone, prolactin, parathyrin and free fatty acids were followed as hormonal and metabolic parameters, respectively. Further, CBG, transferrin, alpha 2-haptoglobin and complement C'3 were measured as representatives of other serum proteins. Results before fasting: T4, T3, TBG, cortisol, CBG, alpha 2-haptoglobin and complement C'3 of the obese patients were elevated when compared with healthy normal weight controls, whereas rT3, T4/TBG ratio, T3/TBG ratio, TSH, coritsol/cbg ratio, growth hormone, prolactin, parathyrin and transferrin of the obese group were normal. RT3U and fT4 index were decreased in the obese patients. Results during fasting: Significant decreases were observed during fasting for the following parameters -- T3, TBG, T3/TBG ratio, transferrin, alpha 2-haptoglobin complement C'3. rT3, T4/TBG ratio, RT3U, fT4 index and FFA increased. T4, tsh response to TRH stimulation, cortisol, CBG, cortisol/cbg ratio, parathyrin, growth hormone and prolactin did not change. Results during re-alimentation: T3, TBG, T3/TBG ratio, TSH response to TRH, transferrin, alpha 2-haptoglobin and complement C'3 increased. Conversely, fT3, RT3U, FFA, cortisol and cortisol/cbg ratio decreased whereas the other parameters did not change. CONCLUSIONS: 1) There is no evidence for primary hypothyroidism in obese patients during prolonged fasting and re-alimentation. 2) The rapid decrease of T3 and increase of RT3U after initiation of fasting are not fully explained by the observed slower decreases in TBG. 3) The alterations of T3, rT3 and RT3U resemble in their kinetics the changes in FFA levels. 4) Fasting reduced the levels of only certain serum proteins, interestingly TBG, transferrin, alpha 2-haptoglobin and complement C'3, all of which, except transferrin, are elevated in obesity. 5) The magnitude of the observed decreases does not suggest any clinically relevant deficiencies in serum proteins. 6) Re-alimentation reverses rapidly all observed changes.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Ratio of amniotic fluid cortisol and maternal serum cortisol (AFC/MSC) as an index of fetal lung maturity.

Fifty-eight samples of amniotic fluid from pregnant women between the gestation period of 34-42 weeks were analyzed for total cortisol levels. Thirty-four simulatneous maternal serum total cortisol levels were also measured. Amniotic fluid cortisol (AFC), maternal serum cortisol (MSC) and the ratio of AFC/MSC were correlated with L/S ratio. AFC alone and AFC/MSC ratios correlate with L/S ratios (r=0.36, p less than 0.01, and r=0.46, p less than 0.01, respectively). MSC and L/S ratios had no correlation. AFC/MSC had less individual variation as compared to AFC alone. The AFC/MSC could be divided by an arbitrary line at 0.1 and values less than 0.1 signify immature fetal lungs. Values of 0.1 and greater signify mature fetal lungs.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1978

The excretion of free cortisol, cortisone, cortisol sulfate and cortisone sulfate in peripheral vascular disease, diabetes mellitus and hyperthyroidism.

In four groups of persons, 1/healthy individuals, 2/ patients with diabetes mellitus, 3/ patients with peripheral vascular disease, and 4/ patients with hyperthyroidism, the urinary excretion of free cortisol, cortisone, cortisol sulfate and cortisone sulfate was estimated. In groups 2 and 3 the excretion of all four substances was elevated. In hyperthyroidism a preponderance of free cortisone over cortisol was registered. The ratios of the followed substances suggest in patients with peripheral vascular disease a detoriation in the normal excretion of the followed corticoids, based on a preponderance of 11-OH-corticosteroids over their 11-oxo-derivatives. This observation could be implicated in the mild hyperglycemia or decreased glucose tolerance, that is often found in atherosclerotic disease.

Adult↗