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Results for “Cosmic Radiation”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1975

Final report of the Advisory Committee for Radiation Biology Aspects of the SST: cosmic radiation exposure in supersonic and subsonic flight.

The main body of this document consists of four major sections: A) An introduction describing the scope of Committee operations and providing a brief exposition of the concepts of radiation protection; B) A survey of experimental and theoretical data on cosmic radiations that have been obtained in individual research projects with emphasis on investigations that were performed under the sponsorship of the Committee. The studies evaluate galactic and solar radiation as a function of altitude and magnetic latitude; C) Best current estimates of cosmic radiation levels in the atmosphere; and D) Radiation protection recommendations dealing with maximum permissible doses and operational aspects covering satellite warning systems, on-board instrumentation, and forecasting. Nine annexes submitted by individual authors cover various of these subjects in greater detail.

Aerospace Medicine↗

PubMed1989

Galactic cosmic radiation exposure and associated health risks for air carrier crewmembers.

The dose equivalent to air carrier crewmembers from galactic cosmic radiation was estimated for each of 32 nonstop flights on a variety of routes to and from, or within, the contiguous United States. Flying times were from 0.4 to 13 hours. The annual dose equivalents received on the flights ranged from 0.2 to 9.1 mSv (20 to 910 mrem), or 0.4 to 18% of the recommended annual limit for occupational exposure of an adult. We reviewed some of the characteristics of galactic and solar cosmic radiation and provided example calculations for estimating radiation-induced risks of fatal cancer, genetic defects and harm to an embryo or fetus. The estimated increased risk of dying from cancer because of galactic radiation exposure received during 20 years of flying ranged from 0.1 to 5 in 1,000. For the adult U.S. population the risk of dying from cancer is about 220 in 1,000.

Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced↗

PubMed1978

Cosmic radiation exposure in subsonic air transport.

This FAA- and NASA-sponsored study of cosmic radiation doses recieved by United States residents flying in commercial jet aircraft is the most extensive to date and combines computer calculations with experimental data. Data derived from 1973 statistics on 2.99 million intercity flights carrying 468 million seats were included in the calculations, yielding a total of 581 billion seat-kilometer. The average flight was 1,084 km in length, was flown at an altitude of 9.47 km, and lasted 1.41 h. The average dose rate was 0.20 mrem/h, resulting in an average passenger dose of 2.82 mrem/year and an average crewmember dose of 160 mrem/year. The average radiation dose to the total U.S. population was 0.47 mrem/person/year. These results are in good agreement with data from several experiments performed by us and others in aircraft at various altitudes and latitudes. The significance of these doses to the population is discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1979

Anencephalus, drinking water, geomagnetism and cosmic radiation.

The mortality rates from anencephalus from 1950-1969 in Canadian cities are shown to be strongly correlated with city growth rate and with horizontal geomagnetic flux, which is directly related to the intensity of cosmic radiation. They are also shown to have some association with the magnesium content of drinking water. Prior work with these data which showed associations with magnesium in drinking water, mean income, latitude and longitude was found to be inadequate because it dismissed the observed geographic associations as having little biological meaning, and because the important variables of geomagnetism and city growth rate were overlooked.

Anencephaly↗

PubMed1989

[Biophysical foundations of the effect of cosmic radiation and accelerator radiation].

This book summaries the results of numerous studies, mainly by Soviet investigators, of the characteristics of radiation effects of high energy cosmic rays and of their simulation by heavy charged particle accelerators, and also of their biological effects. It contains the first systematic presentation of data on specific hadron effects. Facts are given showing the ability of these particles to cause profound local damage in tissues and organs. There is evidence that these particles should be considered one of the main factors limiting the duration of space flights. In the book a generalized kinetic model of radiation-induced cellular damage also is presented. This model allows an explanations of the observed changes in dose related survival with increasing LET and dose-rate, based on microdosimetric conceptions.

Animals↗

PubMed1978