PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Cryoglobulins”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Investigations of the molecular basis for the temperature-dependent insolubility of cryoglobulins. VI. Quenching by acrylamide of the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence of cryoglobulin and non-cryoglobulin IgM proteins.

The acrylamide-quenching patterns of the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence of six cold-soluble monoclonal immunoglobulin M (IgM) and two monoclonal IgM proteins possessing cryoglobulin properties (abnormal cold insolubility) have been compared. Static and dynamic components of quenching have been resolved by a modified form of the Stern-Volmer relationship. The unusual observation of static quenching seen with the multitryptophan containing IgM is determined to be a consequence of essentially homogeneous indole fluorescence arising from conserved tryptophan residues within each homologous immunoglobulin domain. Although the static component of the quenching of the two IgM cryoimmunoglobulins examined is similar to that of the non-cryoimmunoglobulin, IgM, some of the cryoglobulin's tryptophan residues appear to be more kinetically exposed to acrylamide than the tryptophans in the non-cryoglobulin IgM. An unusually large negative entropy of activation observed for the quenching process of both cryoimmunoglobulins suggests some abnormality in the dynamic (flexibility) properties of these proteins.

Acrylamides↗
PubMed1979

Lyme arthritis: correlation of serum and cryoglobulin IgM with activity, and serum IgG with remission.

Forty-eight patients with erythema chronicum migrans (ECM) were studied prospectively for 6 to 18 months. Twenty-six patients had no later symptoms, but 22 subsequently developed Lyme arthritis and 9 of them also experienced neurologic abnormalities. Eighty-seven percent of patients with active ECM followed by subsequent involvement had cryoglobulins containing IgM compared to only 13% of those with active ECM and no later symptoms. The former group also had significantly lower IgG, C3 and C4 levels. Sixty-seven percent of patients still had serum cryoglobulins when neurologic disease was most active, and 45% had them when joint symptoms were most severe, but only 11% continued to have small amounts in remission. The number of patients who continued to have serum cryoglobulins with recurrent attacks of arthritis decreased with time. In contrast, patients always had cryoglobulins in joint fluid, a finding Lyme arthritis shares with rheumatoid arthritis. The cryoprecipitates from 2 of 10 patients contained particles with internal structure, but their viral nature is problematic. All components of antisera obtained from goats and rabbits immunized with cryoglobulins were absorbed by normal human sera. The amount of IgM in cryoglobulins correlated directly with serum IgM, which generally rose during exacerbations and fell during remissions; serum IgG and IgA moved conversely. Thus, IgM was an important correlate of clinical disease activity and IgG or remission.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Shunt nephritis: the nature of the serum cryoglobulins and their relation to the complement profile.

The serum complement profiles of four patients with shunt nephritis indicated classical pathway activation of the complement system. The presence of mixed cryoglobulins was correlated with disease activity and the cryoglobulins were shown to be complement reactive. Antisera to two of the cryoglobulins recognized antigens of the infecting organism, and a specific bacterial antibody was identified in one cryoglobulin, giveing evidence that the cryoglobulins contained immune complexes. Bacterial antibody without detectable antigen was demonstrable in the sera indicating antibody excess. Renal morphology demonstrated mesangial proliferation and interposition with subendothelial and mesangial deposits. Parallels are drawn with active lupus nephritis.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1978

Rapid cryoglobulin screening: an aid to the clinician.

A rapid screening method for serum cryoblobulin is reported. It requires only common laboratory equipment and is based upon the detection of light scattering (500 millimicron) in the early phase of cryoaggregation. All of 28 sera negative for cryoglobulins by the conventional 5-day incubation method were negative by the screening method. Conversely, all sera containing 60 microgram/ml or more of mixed cryoglobulins were positive by the screening method. The initiation phase of cryoprecipitation in mixed cryoglobulins was found to be prompt, as reported previously for monoclonal cryoglobulins. This sensitive method of cryoglobulin detection provides results to the clinician within 2 hours, a helpful insight where consideration of possible immune complex vasculitis exists.

Cryoglobulins↗
PubMed1979

Cryoglobulins in Behçet's syndrome and recurrent oral ulceration: assay by laser nephelometry.

The presence of cryoglobulins was investigated in ninety patients with recurrent oral ulcers (ROU) and sixty-one patients with Behçet's syndrome (BS). The immunodiffusion method was compared with Laser nephelometry for the analysis of IgG, IgM, IgA and C3 in cryoglobulins. Although the two methods of assessment showed a very significant agreement. Laser nephelometry was more sensitive than the double diffusion precipitation method and was used for quantitative analysis of cryoglobulins. The prevalence of any type of cryoglobulins was 64% in ROU and 75% in BS, as compared with controls (15%). In ROU significant levels of IgA were found in minor (P = 0.0196) and major (P = 0.0114) aphthous ulcers and to a lesser extent in herpetiform ulcers (P = 0.0624). Among the four types of BS signficant increases in C3 were found in the arthritic type (P = 0.0068) and ocular type (P = 0.0275), whereas IgM (P = 0.0031) and IgG (P = 0.0369) were increased only in the muco-cutaneous type. Sequential studies showed that disease remissions or exacerbations were correlated with a decrease or increase in IgM or IgG classes of cryoglobulins. However, the converse was found with IgA which may inhibit some functions of polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and this may be responsible for the failure to remove damaging IgG, IgM and C3 complexes from the circulation.

Behcet Syndrome↗
PubMed1978

Cryoglobulins in acute experimental immune complex glomerulonephritis.

The relationship between cold-insoluble complexes, or cryoglobulins, and renal disease was studied in rabbits with acute serum sickness produced with BSA. The onset of serum creatinine elevation correlated well with the appearance of cryoglobulins. The average interval between the appearance of cryoglobulins and the elevation in serum creatinine was 0.87 day. In no animal did creatinine elevation precede cryoglobulinemia, even though immune complexes were detectable much earlier by other methods. The level of cryoglobulin correlated significantly with the level of serum creatinine (r = 0.71, p less than 0.01). Cryoglobulins may be of immunopathologic significance in acute experimental immune complex glomerulonephritis.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Polymorphonuclear leucocyte fluorescence and cryoglobulin phagocytosis in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) and cryoglobulins were isolated from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Fluorescent inclusions were found in PMN. Normal donor PMN were incubated with the sera and cryoglobulins from SLE patients. In most cases inclusions were observed after incubation. The high incidence of anti-IgG activity in phagocytosed cryoglobulins confirms the importance of the rheumatoid factor in phagocytosis of immune complexes. It is concluded that phagocytosis of cryoglobulins supports the suggestion that cryoglobulins are a subpopulation of immune complexes.

Cryoglobulins↗
PubMed1979

Temperature dependent activation of the alternate complement pathway by an IgG cryoglobulin.

A patient with chronic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis is presented whose serum contains a monoclonal IgG3 cryoglobulin. The presence of persistent hypocomplementemia suggested the possibility that the cryoglobulin, upon cold-induced precipitation, was capable of activating the complement system. Because visible cryoprecipitation commenced in vitro at 30 degrees C, the patient's serum and normal serum had been added the isolated cryoglobulin were repeatedly cooled to 30 degrees C and rewarmed to 37 degrees C. This reproduction of the in vivo counterpart of blood circulating through an extremity exposed to the cold resulted in activation of C3-proactivator (properdin factor B), C3 cleavage, and a 78% reduction in total hemolytic complement. This study demonstrates that IgG is capable of activating complement via the alternate pathway and reveals a mechanism through which this can occur in vivo; namely, by means of temperature dependent polymerization. In addition, we postulate that episodic complement activation initiated by the cryoglobulin contributed to the development of glomerulonephritis in this patient.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Incidence and immunochemical features of serum cryoglobulin in chronic liver disease.

Essential cryoglobulinaemia was detected in 44 out of 150 patients (29%) screened on the basis of histological confirmation of chronic inflammatory liver disease (chronic persistent or aggressive hepatitis, or cirrhosis). Cryoglobulinemia prevailed in the patients whose hepatic tissue showed more features of active inflammation; also, a female prevalence was observed. There were no correlations between cryoglobulinaemia and either HBsAg positivity or alcoholic liver disease. Mixed cryoglobulins made of heterogeneous immunoglobulins without monotypic components were mostly associated with established cirrhosis, whereas monotypic cryoglobulins were exclusively found in patients with either persistent or aggressive chronic hepatitis. Mixed cryoglobulins with a monotypic component were associated with all histological grades of liver damage. This study affords an objective evaluation of both the frequency and immunochemical features of cryoglobulins associated with chronic inflammatory liver disease.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1979

Waldenström's macroglobulinemia associated with a mixed cryoglobulin. Report of a case with partial precipitation in vitro at 37 degrees C.

A 68-year-old man had Waldenström's macroglobulinemia associated with a mixed cryoglobulin (monoclonal IgM kappa and polyclonal IgG, 0.96 g/dL) manifested by purpura, weight loss, hepatosplenomegaly, and proteinuria. On cooling of serum warmed to 50 degrees C, the cryoglobulin begins to precipitate above 40 degrees C, with substantial precipitation at body temperature. Incubation at 37 degrees C (after equilibration at 50 degrees C) causes approximately two thirds of the cryoglobulin to precipitate in 30 to 60 minutes; the precipitate dissolves on rewarming the serum to 50 degrees C. The ability of this cryoglobulin to precipitate at 37 degrees C in vitro indicates that the temperature spectrum of cyroglobulin precipitation can extend to body temperature or above it, and suggests that some serum samples that contain cryoglubulins must be separated quickly at a temperature of 37 degrees C or higher.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Immunological and structural properties of human monoclonal IgG cryoglobulins.

Structural and immunological properties were determined for sixteen IgG and one Bence-Jones, human monoclonal cryoglobulins. The heavy chain subclass percentages were 47% IgG1, 14% IgG2 and 29% IgG3, and were different from previously reported distributions of myeloma proteins. In addition, 69% (eleven out of fifteen) of the cryoglobulins and 100% (seven out of seven) of the IgG1 cryos contained type lambda light chains. Electrofocussing of the cryoproteins by analytical liquid gradient column showed the isoelectric points to be included in the range of pH 6.3--8.9. The pI of six light chains and five out of six heavy chains were at acidic and slightly basic pH, respectively. The pI of the intact cryoglobulins were thus close to those of their constituent heavy chains. Six out of seven of the heavy chains were subjected to automated Edman degradation and were classified as containing vH-i or vH-ii variable region subgroups on the basis of their blocked amino termini. One type lambda light chain was unusual in that it contained an amino terminal sequence initially described in an amyloid fibril protein and is the first instance in which light chains with this sequence have been isolated from IgG. The data support the notion that the cryoglobulins are IgGs with unique structural and immunological properties which separate them from non-cryoprecipitable IgGs.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1978

Localization of a conformational anomaly to the Fabmu region of a monoclonal IgM cryoglobulin.

The hydrodynamic (gel filtration and sedimentation) properties of an isolated monoclonal IgM-K cryoglobulin (McE.) and five non-cryoglobulin cold-soluble proteins, as well as their constituent monomeric subunits and (Fc)5mu and Fabmu fragments, are compared under both native and partially denaturing conditions. It is concluded that the cryoimmunoglobulin exhibits a significantly greater Stokes radius than the non-cryoglobulin reference proteins, and that this difference arises in the Fabmu region of the McE. molecule. When the proteins and their fragments are analysed by circular dichroism in the far u.v. region, an atypical conformation is again detected in the Fabmu region of the cryoglobulin. These findings are the first demonstration and partial structural localization of a conformation anomaly in a monoclonal cryoimmunoglobulin.

Circular Dichroism↗
PubMed1977

Some properties of monoclonal cryoglobulin M appearing in the course of malignant lymphoma with macroglobulinemia.

Monoclonal cryoglobulin IgM was separated from the serum of a patient with malignant lymphoma and macroglobulinemia. The purified cryoglobulin in immunoelectrophoresis formed the precipitin lines with anti-mu and anti-kappa serum and showed an abnormal electrophoretic mobility due to large aggregate formation. In comparison to normal IgM preparations a significantly lower content of hydroxyproline was found in the cryoglobulin studied. The possible role of hydroxyproline-containing peptides in the formation of the oligomeric structure of the IgM molecule is discussed.

Cryoglobulins↗
PubMed1977

Complement activation and phagocytosis of cryoglobulin particles in a patient with plasma cell proliferative disease.

The serum of a patient with a non-aggressive plasma cell proliferative disorder contained two monoclonal immunoglobulins: IgG3 lambda in moderate concentration and having cryoglobulin features, and IgA kappa in low concentration and without cryoprecipitability. The patient's serum had low complement concentration and C3 was partly converted into split products in vivo. Complement (C3) together with cryoglobulin and fibrinogen was found by immunofluorescence in sections from skin showing vasculitis. The cryoglobulin particles which formed at room temp. were vividly phagocytized in vitro by neutrophile granulocytes from the patient and from normal individuals as demonstrated in light microscopy and ultramicroscopy.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1975

Human platelet aggregation by mixed cryoglobulins.

Glomerulonephritis in idiopatic mixed cryoglobulinemia represents perhaps a glomerular damage by immune complexes. In this study, a sigmoidal-like curve was obtained after addition of 13 different mixed cryoglobulins to both autologous and isologous platelet-rich plasma, tested in platelet aggregometer. The lag phase of the curve corresponds to platelet phagocytosis of cryoglobulin-binding ferritin, as shown in electron microscopy and the optical density decrease phase corresponds to the aggregation of platelets that shows the same ultrastructural characteristics of ADP-induced platelet aggregation. This platelet aggregation is inhibited by different drugs. Intraglomerular platelet aggregation by cryoglobulins might play a key role in determining the glomerular damage in cryoglobulinemia by the release of nucleotides and vasoactive amines.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1977

Determination of cryoglobulins as lipoprotein-autoantibody immune complexes and antigenic determinants against antilipoprotein autoantibody.

Serum IgG-antilipoprotein-autoantibody activity (at 4 degrees C) of a plane xanthoma patient was shown by double-immunodiffusion method. Cryoglobulins in the serum were dissociated to polyclonal IgG and alpha- and beta-lipoproteins by acidification and were reconstructed by neutralization. IgG fraction of the cryoglobulins precipitated with lipoproteins. The cryoglobulins were thus demonstrated to be immune complexes of polyclonal IgG-antilipoprotein-autoantibody and both alpha- and beta-lipoproteins. A part of the lipoprotein-autoantibody immune complexes was not cryoprecipitable. Antigenic determinants for the autoantibody existed in the lipid moieties of lipoproteins, in contrast to the apoproteins which determined the specificity to heteroimmune antilipoprotein antibody. The presence of more than nine different antigenic determinants against the autoantibody indicated that lipoproteins were immunologically heterogeneous depending upon the lipid moieties. Lipoproteins reactive with the autoantibody varied quantitatively in normal individuals and were not detected in a primary hyper-beta-lipoproteinaemia patient and in a primary biliary liver cirrhosis patient with much lipoprotein-X. The absence of antigenicity in the two patients' sera is most likely caused by abnormal lipid moieties of lipoproteins.

Adult↗