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Results for “Cultural Background”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Cultural background and coping with loneliness.

The present study is an examination of the influence of cultural background on an individual's ability to cope with loneliness. Participants were from 3 cultural backgrounds: North American, South Asian, and West Indian. A total of 679 participants (318 men and 361 women) answered an 18-item loneliness questionnaire. Results revealed significant differences in the coping strategies that the participants used. Gender differences were also found across the cultures and within each culture.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1998

GPs, schoolgirls and sex. A cross cultural background comparison of general practitioner attitudes towards contraceptive service provision for young adolescent females in Scotland.

No previous studies have examined the influences of cultural background on the provision of contraceptive services to females under 16 years of age. A research project was undertaken to investigate any differences between general practitioners trained in the United Kingdom and those trained in the Indian sub-continent in relation to contraceptive service provision to females under 16 years of age. A self-completion postal questionnaire survey was distributed to 230 unrestricted principal general practitioners across Scotland. Subjects were identified from the Medical Register. Half of the sample consisted of all those working in Scotland who had been trained in the Indian sub-continent. The other half were a comparable group that had been trained in the United Kingdom and were selected by quasi-random quota sampling. The response rate was 57 per cent (131/230). General practitioners in the study who had trained in the Indian sub-continent were found to be significantly less likely to provide contraceptive services to a female under 16 years of age than those who had trained in the United Kingdom. Cultural background may be influential in general practitioner provision of contraceptive services to females below the legal age of consent for sexual intercourse. In order to obtain more conclusive evidence a larger study is necessary. Such investigations must be undertaken with appropriate sensitivity and social awareness.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A study on neonatal behaviour comparing between two groups from different cultural backgrounds.

Fifty-one British newborn infants and 51 Japanese newborn infants were compared using Prechtl's neonatal neurological examination and Brazelton's neonatal behavioural assessment scale on the 5th day after birth. Statistically significant differences were found between the two groups. British infants were more responsive to the stimuli displayed and showed better self-quieting activity and motor performance than Japanese infants and there were differences in the course of state change and of habituation; however, some responses may have been affected by daily posture. These results are partly supported by the findings of other studies. As conditions which have previously been reported to affect neonatal status were matched between the two groups, with cultural background being the only exception, it can be said that the differences arose from the cultural background.

Behavior↗
PubMed1990

Cultural background and drinking patterns in problem drinkers in northern Norway.

It was hypothesized that drinking patterns, treatment goals and psycho-social consequences of drinking (as measured by the MAST) would be different in Saami ('Lapp') and Norwegian in-patient problem drinkers, due to differences in cultural background. Drinking patterns and treatment goals differed significantly, implying that Saami clients demonstrated a more periodic drinking pattern and, to a smaller extent, tended to prefer total abstinence or a large reduction in alcohol consumption as their treatment goal compared to Norwegian clients. Furthermore, the Saami clients obtained significantly lower scores on the MAST than the Norwegian clients. No differences in degree of physical dependence and self-reported alcohol consumption were observed. These findings indicate that the drinking culture in the two groups is different. Furthermore, the results imply that the MAST yields different problem scores in Saami and Norwegian clients, probably due to differences in ways of living in the two ethnic groups.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Repertory, therapeutic indications, chemical analysis and cultural background of mineral drugs of Afghanistan.

The traditional uses of minerals drugs and chemical products for medicine were studied in Afghanistan. Twelve medicinal drugs have been identified by chemical investigations and are presented in one table with the vernacular names (in Dari, Pasto and Kati); the origins and the therapeutical uses are listed in another table with their cultural background in pre-Islamic (Greek and Indian medicines) and Islamic pharmacopoeia (Afghano-Persian and Arabian medicines). Twenty-six other mineral drugs are also mentioned.

Afghanistan↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Management of family and workplace stress experienced by women of colour from various cultural backgrounds.

Minority women identify finances and maintaining cultural values as their most commonly experienced stressors at home and in the work-place. A before and after study of ethnic minority women in focus group sessions led by a trained ethnic minority facilitator examined how social and workplace supports, or lack thereof, impact on the individuals' ability to manage daily life. Creative, effective solutions to stressors were identified by the participants. Outcomes were evaluated in terms of the impact of changes on the participants' coping styles in family and work life. Results indicate that a large percentage of women in this study felt discriminated against based on their culture/race, however, this perceived discrimination decreased after the focus groups. The predominant stress management techniques were prayer and music. Family support was the most influential factor in decreasing stress. The family is a major source of support for the working women, acting as a buffer to workplace pressures.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Preservice training to meet the needs of people from diverse cultural backgrounds.

The provision of speech-language pathology and audiology services to persons from culturally and linguistically diverse populations is changing. Researchers have indicated that many current ASHA certified speech-language pathologists and audiologists do not perceive themselves as competent to provide services to individuals from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds due to the paucity of this information during their professional education (Campbell, 1986; Shewan & Malm, 1989; Snope, 1982). ASHA has attempted to meet the needs of individuals from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds who are communicatively impaired and students and practitioners through the latest revisions of the requirements for the Certificates of clinical Competence and through ESB accreditation requirements for university training programs. This article discussed several important needs associated with university training programs for speech-language pathologists and audiologists that must be considered as the professions respond to the needs of specific service populations.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Trichotillomania. Two case reports from a similar cultural background.

Case reports of 2 female patients from the Makrani culture are presented. They were both around 30 years of age, clinically depressed and responded favorably to antidepressants. One of these patients was infertile, and the other one had started pulling her hair when deprived of her jewelry. Fertility and possession of jewelry represent femininity in the Makrani culture. A brief review of the literature on trichotillomania and its psychopathology is also included.

Adult↗