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Results for “Cultural Diversity”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Tool to classify stool consistency: content validity and use by persons of diverse cultures.

Developing and testing the quality of a research instrument, including its ability to be used by culturally diverse persons, is an important methodological objective. The present study determined the content validity and feasibility of culturally diverse persons to use an instrument to classify stool consistency that has been employed in research on fecal incontinence. Five multidisciplinary clinicians experienced in assessing stool consistency determined the tool to possess content validity. Twenty-four foreign nationals of diverse cultures who spoke English as a second language (ESL) classified the consistency of nine stools using word only or word plus diagram descriptions. The agreement of the ratings of the participants were compared with the those of an experienced investigator. There was no significant difference between the ratings of participants using either type of description. There was good agreement between the classifications of the participants and those of the investigator. The findings of this study contribute to the quality of our instrument and support its use by culturally diverse persons.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Food neophobia and associations with cultural diversity and socio-economic status amongst rural and urban Australian adolescents.

Exposure to diverse cultures and higher socio-economic status (SES) may increase knowledge of a wide variety of stimuli, including food, and be negatively associated with food neophobia. We contrasted questionnaire responses from two groups of Australian high school students (aged 12-18 years) from remote rural (rural, n=243) and cosmopolitan urban (city, n=696) locations to the food neophobia scale (FNS), familiarity with certain foods and willingness to try those foods. Cultural diversity measures and two SES scales were created. City students were less food neophobic than rural students (mean FNS scores 29.35 versus 34.68, p<0.001). City students were also significantly more familiar with different foods and more willing to try unfamiliar foods, were of higher SES and had greater exposure to cultural diversity. However, the association between the FNS and familiarity with foods, willingness to try unfamiliar foods, SES, and exposure to cultural diversity, were only weak or moderate for both city and rural students. Greater exposure to cultural diversity and higher SES has some influence on adolescents' responses to unfamiliar foods, but the relationship between these factors and the FNS score is tenuous.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The challenge of cultural diversity for nurse educators.

By the year 2000, one in every three Americans will represent an ethnically diverse cultural group. Nurses are awaking to the critical need to become more knowledgeable and culturally competent to work with individuals from diverse cultures (Leininger, 1994). However, teaching cultural awareness in nursing education can present a major professional challenge for nurse educators. This article discusses cultural competence and presents a conceptual model of culturally competent health care. Based on this model, the article also discusses the implementation of a four-session cultural diversity program in a rural hospital setting.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed2002

Cultural diversity and mental health. Towards integrative practice.

Adopting an integrative approach to mental health is especially important when working with people from diverse cultural backgrounds. In order to render culturally sensitive practice, we need to be immersed in the philosophical, contextual, and experiential considerations of the cultural group with whom we work. Comprehensive assessment and intervention involves bridging disciplines to gain a more holistic appreciation for the group's situation and experience. Thus, we have taken a transdisciplinary approach (a) to provide a framework for understanding and improving mental health in the context of cultural diversity and (b) to promote legitimate practice, or the unity of reflection, research, and action, in mental health in different cultures. We provide an example of how we use this framework in our work with the Portuguese immigrant community. The framework is not only limited to assessing the needs of individuals but draws on anthropology, philosophy, political science, and religious studies to understand the social, cultural, moral, and religious domains. In addition, community psychologists and social activists provide models of how to intervene at community or societal levels. The unique contribution of the integrative practice framework is that merges considerations that are typically studied in isolation. Needs, norms, context, values, and social change are not always studied in an integrative fashion. Thus, the article offers a way of considering seemingly disparate but highly complementary practice deliberations.

Cultural Diversity↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A staff development workshop on cultural diversity.

In a multicultural society, nurses work with clients from diverse cultural groups. The beliefs, values, and customs of these groups greatly influence the client's response to health care. Nurses need to understand the culture of the client in order to provide competent care. This article describes a process for developing a cultural diversity workshop that allows nurses to develop skills in dealing with clients from diverse backgrounds. Guidelines for identifying workshop content, educational group leaders, and suggestions for workshop evaluation are included.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed2003

Including culturally diverse samples in health research: a case study of an urban trial of social support.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the recruitment procedures used in a study of Social Support and Family Health carried out in a disadvantaged urban area of the UK in 1999-2001; to consider the impact of using inclusive recruitment procedures on the final research sample and implications for the conduct of the research and data obtained. DESIGN: Face-to-face recruitment of eligible women, using interpreters where necessary, to a randomized controlled trial of two alternative strategies for providing support to women with infants. RESULTS: Of the 1,263 women eligible to enter the trial, 731 were successfully recruited. Forty-five languages other than English were spoken by eligible women; 14% needed an interpreter for the recruitment visit, and a further 30% spoke English as a second language. Inclusive recruitment practices added significant costs, resulted in a study sample with a different social profile from the sample that would have been achieved without these, and challenged some of the assumptions underlying the model of informed consent commonly used in much health services research. CONCLUSION: Procedures can be developed for recruiting people with diverse cultural backgrounds to take part in research. This helps to address the issue of possible bias in generalizing research findings by increasing external validity, and respects the ethic that everyone should have the right to be eligible for inclusion in research.

Cultural Diversity↗
PubMed2004

A review of the literature on care of clients in pain who are culturally diverse.

AIM: This article reviews the literature on the care of clients from diverse cultures who are in pain and provides strategies for care. BACKGROUND: Pain is a critical concept for caring for clients and particularly for clients from another culture. Culture shapes the values, beliefs, norms, and practices of individuals, including the ways persons react to pain. Culture affects the assessment and management of pain. CONCLUSIONS: Seven strategies can assist in culturally appropriate assessment and management of pain: (1) utilize assessment tools to assist in measuring pain, (2) appreciate variations in affective response to pain, (3) be sensitive to variations in communication styles, (4) recognize that communication of pain may not be acceptable within a culture, (5) appreciate that the meaning of pain varies between cultures, (6) utilize knowledge of biological variations, and (7) develop personal awareness of values and beliefs which may affect responses to pain.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1999

Integrating cultural diversity in patient education.

Diversity among clients in the American health care system is increasing as the population of the United States changes in composition. Health providers, educators, and supervisors are in unique positions to enhance patient education among members of diverse cultures by incorporating cultural research and health beliefs into patient and staff education. Using a culturally defined framework, health providers can more holistically assess the client and subsequently plan culturally appropriate care.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1996

Transcending the barriers of cultural diversity in health care.

The focus of this paper is on the diverse cultures impacting health care. Initiatives to advance a sense of responsibility, a unified, competent health care congruent with multicultural requirements of people in a kaleidoscopic society are cited. Selected scenarios depicting barriers in transcultural/cross-cultural health care are presented, and mechanisms to transcend the barriers are advocated.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1997

Mental health issues of culturally diverse underserved children.

This article addresses the clinical issues relevant to mental health workers when evaluating children of diverse cultures who live in conditions of persistent poverty. We suggest a model that considers the social as well as the biologic risk factors affecting these children and that includes the importance of culture on symptom expression and health-seeking behavior. The discussion includes specific assessment approaches sensitive to the context in which these children develop and the psychiatric diagnostic entities and treatment approaches thought to be particularly relevant to these children.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Assessment of professional nursing students' knowledge and attitudes about patients of diverse cultures.

This study examined personal attitudes of 152 Bachelors of Science in Nursing (BSN), registered nurse (RN) to BSN, and master's students enrolled in a school of nursing in the southwestern United States toward culturally diverse patients and their perceived knowledge of specific cultural practices and culture-specific skills. Three instruments were used to collect data: the Ethnic Attitude Scale-Part I, the Transcultural Questionnaire, and a demographic survey. Findings reveal that students in all three programs had a relatively low knowledge base about specific cultural groups. The only statistically significant difference found in attitudes, perceived knowledge of cultural patterns, or perceived cultural skills by program was the slightly higher perceived ability of generic BSN students to distinguish between concepts such as ethnocentrism and discrimination, intra- and intercultural diversity, and ethnicity and culture. Similar to other studies of measurement of provider attitudes and perceived cultural knowledge, the results of this study reinforce the struggle experienced by educators and the challenges faced by health care administrators grappling with teaching and delivering culturally competent care. The findings imply that nurse educators need to examine alternate models and teaching strategies to move students along the continuum of cultural learning.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Development and validation of dietary assessment methods for culturally diverse populations.

Culturally diverse populations with variable dietary and disease patterns provide a unique opportunity for conducting epidemiologic studies to identify the role of diet in the etiology of chronic diseases. The dietary method for epidemiologic studies, such as cohort or case-control studies, should generally be a diet history (or quantitative food frequency) of selected food items consumed during a usual month. Knowledge of the eating patterns of each ethnic group in the study is needed to develop an appropriate questionnaire. The diet history may be validated by collecting multiple 24-h recalls or food records from representative samples of each ethnic group and comparing the mean dietary intakes with the values obtained from the diet history. Examples of studies of culturally diverse populations and the development and validation of the dietary methods are discussed.

Cross-Cultural Comparison↗
PubMed2007

Passing on our culture: how older Australians from diverse cultural backgrounds contribute to civil society.

Australia is a culturally diverse country, with one in five older Australians born overseas in non-English speaking countries, as well as others who are part of the Indigenous population of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. Little is known about how these individuals age productively and contribute to society. Survey data show that they are less likely to volunteer for an organisation than other older people, yet it may be that they contribute to civil society in alternate ways that are generally unrecognised and unacknowledged. In the absence of a general lack of understanding of how older Australians from diverse cultural backgrounds contribute to community, the aim of the present paper is to explore this topic using qualitative data from a larger study of the lived experiences of older Australians. Findings suggest that respondents are very active within their families and communities in ways that differ from mainstream older Australians. Generally, they have an important role in maintaining or promoting their culture; and providing support across their communities based on common experience. In particular, respondents describe a special relationship with the young within their communities. This includes being a grandparent or elderly advisor, as well as the role that many Indigenous elders play in encouraging and supporting troubled young people. Although further and more representative studies of older Australians are now needed, this paper, nevertheless, begins to explore what has been a neglected area of ageing policy and research.

Aged↗