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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Cytological effects of microwave radiation in Chinese hamster cells in vitro.

Cytological effects were investigated in the Chinese hamster cell line (CHO-K1) exposed to microwave radiation of 2450 MHz frequency and incident power of 25 to 200 W for a period of 30 min. Nuclear vacuoles, pycnotic and decondensed chromosomes were observed in cells exposed to 25 W under elevated temperature conditions (uncontrolled temp). In addition a significant increase in chromosomal breakages/cell was observed. Cells exposed to relatively higher power, 75-200 W, under hypothermic conditions (29 degrees C) revealed no significant increase in either nuclear vacuoles or other chromosomal anomalies over control cells. Radiation-induced temperature elevation appears to be an essential factor in the cytological effects of microwave.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1988

Cytological effects of khat (Catha edulis) in somatic and male germ cells of mice.

Cytological effects of khat (Catha edulis), a popular drug of abuse from Southern Arabia and Eastern Africa, have been studied in Swiss albino mice. The studies on the somatic system involved the use of micronucleus test and the cytological analysis of the mitotic index in the femoral cells of mice. In the micronucleus test, the mice were treated with different doses of khat extract (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o.) 30 and 6 hours before sacrificing the animals. The polychromatic erythrocytes were screened for the induction of micronuclei. For the analysis of bone marrow cytotoxicity, the mice were treated with the dose of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg, body weight, p.o. daily for 5 consecutive days. The animals were sacrificed and the femoral cells were microscopically examined for the mitoses. Following the same schedule of treatment, studies on the cytogenetic analysis of meiotic chromosomal aberrations and the sperm head abnormality were undertaken. Khat extract significantly increased the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes, induced bone marrow depression and reduced the mitotic index of the somatic cells. It induced significant chromosomal aberrations viz., aneuploids, autosomal univalents, univalents of the sex chromosomes and polyploids. The frequency of abnormal sperms was also increased.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Cytological effect of nogalamycin in mammals and regression of methylcholanthrene-induced and spontaneous tumors in rats.

The cytological effect of nogalamycin was studied in rats, mice and cultured human leukocytes. Four standard test systems were used: (1) Analysis of spermatogonial cells, (2) Cytological evaluation of bone-marrow metaphase plates, (3) micronucleus test in polychromatic erythrocytes, and (4) Determination of chromosomal aberrations in cultured human leukocytes. The results of the studies indicated that the types and frequencies of cytological errors induced by the drug were not significantly different from the concurrent controls. Chemically induced fibrosarcoma tumors and tumors of spontaneous origin in rats were successfully regressed following the administration of nogalamycin. Simultaneous transplantation of chemically induced fibrosarcoma tumors and intraperitoneal administration of nogalamycin, irreversibly inhibited growth of primary tumors in rats. The most effective concentration of nogalamycin for either regression of actively growing fibrosarcoma tumors or inhibition of transplanted fibrosarcoma cells was 556 mug/kg of body weight.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Comparison of vaginal cytologic effects and blood elimination curves of different oestrogen drugs (author's transl)].

With different oral oestrogens it was studied, if relations are existing between pharmacokinetic and vaginal effect. By means of Karyopycnotic Index and Dynamic Oestrogenicity Index the cytological effect was quantified from a single dose of oestradiol valerianate, mestranol, ethinyloestradiol and 3 depot oestrogens proved on postmenopause women and compared with adequate pharmacocinetical investigations. The courses of oestrogen levels did not correlate with indices. Both methods of investigation do not compensate, but complete one another. Depotoestrogens and short acting oestrogens are distinguishable with regard to proliferation maxium and steepness of index decline.

Delayed-Action Preparations↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cytological effects of culture media conditioned by B16 melanoma cells and 3T3 fibroblasts.

Culture media conditioned (CM) by mixed populations of mouse B16 melanoma cells and 3T3 fibroblasts cultivated as monolayers exert cytological effects on B16 or 3T3 cells when treated separately in culture. By ultrafiltration of these CM, we show that a stimulatory activity on B16 melanoma cells proliferation is present in fractions with M.W. greater than 10,000 daltons. A strong cytotoxic activity for B16 melanoma cells and, to a lower degree, for 3T3 fibroblasts is detected in fractions with M.W. less than 1,000 daltons. The ultrastructural analysis of cells (B16 or 3T3) treated with cytotoxic fractions reveals in them mitochondrial swelling, blebs, broken membranes and dead cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Cytological effects of the microinjection of antibody to ras p21 in early cleavage Xenopus embryos.

The presence of two ras-related proteins (22 and 23 kDa) was demonstrated in Xenopus embryonic extracts by selective immunoprecipitation using anti-ras monoclonal antibodies 142-24E05 and Y13-259. We further describe the cytological effects of the microinjection of anti-ras monoclonal antibody Y13-259 into early cleavage blastomeres of Xenopus embryos. Injection of the antibody into a blastomere at the two-, four-, or eight-cell stage caused cleavage arrest in the descendants of the injected blastomere. Light microscopy (LM) of cleavage-arrested cells revealed extensive deformation of the cells as well as heterogeneity of distribution of yolk platelets and pigment granules. LM analysis of serial sections of cleavage-arrested cells revealed the presence of multiple nuclei. Although the nuclei expressed similar morphological properties, indicating that they were probably in the same stage of the nuclear cycle, they revealed highly variable chromatin densities. Electron microscope (EM) analysis of the cytoplasm of cleavage-arrested cells revealed the accumulation of vesicles and large membranous elements coincident with cleavage arrest. Furthermore, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) existed in two forms, as closed, circular profiles and as long, linear arrays. Mitochondria were characteristically aligned in single file on both sides of the two types of ER cisternae. EM analysis of nuclei confirmed variations in chromatin organization and suggested the occurrence of unique nuclear envelope fusion among micronuclei in cleavage-arrested cells. Cleavage arrest and changes in cytological features were not observed in the cytoplasm of cells microinjected with normal rat IgG. Thus the immunochemical data and microinjection experiments suggest that ras-like or ras antigenicity exists within rapidly replicating Xenopus blastomeres and may be involved in the organization of a number of its cytoplasmic elements.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Indicators of effective cytological sampling of the uterine cervix.

A case-control comparison of adequate and inadequate cervical smears (adequacy being defined as the successful detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and inadequacy as the failure to do so when disease was almost certainly present) was undertaken to determine whether indicators of effective cytological sampling could be identified. The association between inadequate smears and the absence of two types of normal epithelial cells (columnar cells of endocervical origin and immature metaplastic cells) was measured. A significant and substantial association was found between inadequate cervical smears and immature metaplastic cells and between inadequate smears and both types of cell. Endocervical cells alone were less likely to be found in inadequate than in adequate smears, but this association was not statistically significant.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1992

Cytokeratin expression in oral exfoliative cytology: effect of temperature and fixation.

The identification of keratin expression within oral cytology may be useful in the diagnosis of clinically suspicious oral mucosal lesions. There may be wide variation in the temperature at which such smears are stored, prior to processing. Conventionally, rapid fixation or storage at low temperatures is recommended to preserve kertin expression within tissue biopsies. No previous study has assessed whether this is true for oral cytology. Smears were taken from clinically normal buccal mucosa. For each temperature assessed (-70, -40, -22, +5, +20 and +26 degrees C), one smear was spray-fixed (Vale Smear Fix) and one air-dried, prior to storage for 4 days, and then staining with the pan-epithelial antikeratin antibody, LP34. Preservation of keratin expression was assessed as either weak (zero to few positive cells) or strong (most cells positive). The results were analysed using logistic regression with the statistical modelling package, GLIM. Over the range of temperatures studied, spray fixation did not appear to improve the identification of keratin expression. Although the best preservation was obtained at lower temperatures, keratin expression was still adequate after 4 days at 20 degrees C. Hence, a delay in processing of 4 days would still allow detectable expression in oral exfoliative cytology even at room temperature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Cytological effects of 1-(2-nitro-1-imidazolyl)-3-methoxy-2-propanol (misonidazole) on hypoxic mammalian cells in vitro.

Hypoxic Chinese hamster V-79 cells were examined for light-microscope morphology, progression through the cell cycle, chromosomal aberrations, and viability, after incubation with the 2-nitroimidazole, misonidazole [1-(2-nitro-1-imidazolyl)-3 methoxy-2-propanol]. Cytological examination of cells up to 42 hr after incubation with the drug at 37 degrees indicated that increasing contact time and increasing drug concentrations interfered with cell attachment and progressively slowed cell progression through the cell cycle. Forty-two hr after a 5.5-hr treatment with 5 mM misonidazole, the majority of cells contained heteropyknotic nuclei, whereas less than 3% had progressed into mitosis. Of the few cells that reached mitosis by 42 hr, the level of chromosomal aberrations was 6 times that due to hypoxia alone. However, the majority of metaphases (70%) were unaltered; thus about 2% of the treated cell population passed into mitosis unaltered. After a 5.5-hr incubation with 5 mM misonidazole, 98% of the cells also had lost their ability to produce clones. It is suggested that the cytotoxic effect of this drug on hypoxic cells is that the cytotoxic effect of this drug on hypoxic cells is largely mediated via an interphase cell death, with a minor effect due to chromosome aberrations and cell death from genetic inequality of progeny cells. The ability of misonidazole to kill hypoxic, noncycline cells, which may limit the curability of some tumors with conventional X-rays or chemotherapy agents, makes it of considerable potential interest.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cytologic effects of adriamycin on human peripheral lymphocytes.

Preliminary data show adriamycin (AM) induces chromosomal structural changes and division delay in human peripheral lymphocytes. Cells treated for one hour with 0.01, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.10 mug/ml AM show chromatid lesions mainly breaks and deletions. Chromosome type lesions and chromatid exchanges were less frequent even in cells with the highest percentage of aberrations. Dicentric chromosomes were very rare and were scored only in cells treated with higher concentrations (0.10 mug/ml) and recovered 24 hour post-treatment. Based solely on cytologic evidence G1 and S phase cells appear to be more sensitive to adriamycin than G2 phase cells.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1989

Cytological effects of fungal metabolites produced by fungi isolated from Egyptian poultry feedstuffs.

The cytogenetic effects of fungal metabolites produced by 113 strains belonging to 36 fungal species and isolated form 5 substrates of commercial poultry feedstuffs were tested for their effect on the growing root meristems of Allium cepa. The fungal metabolites of Paecilomyces canescens, Aspergillus fumigatus, Syncephalastrum racemosum, Aspergillus terreus and Mucor hiemalis strongly suppressed cell division. Metabolites from other strains had less effect on cell division but permitted the appearance of several abnormalities through different mitotic stages. In general, chromosomal aberrations were more obvious with metabolites of Aspergillus species, Mucor circinelloides and Cladosporium cladosporioides. The mutagenic effects produced by these fungal metabolites reflect the risk that might take place through the consumption of these contaminated feedstuffs.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1977

Study on cytological effects of carofur -- a new mutagen.

Chinese hamster cells (line V-79) and human leukocytes in vitro and mice of the CBA strain were treated with carofur (also called nifurprazinum), an antibacterial agent of pharmaceutical importance. At concentrations as low as 20 ppm, the in vitro treatments of cells of Chinese hamster and human lymphocytes expressed chromosome aberrations, almost exclusively of deletion type. This effect resembles that of fluorodeoxyuridine but may not necessarily reflect the same basic mechanism involved. When Chinese hamster cells were treated with 5 ppm or more of carofur for 24 hr, a 3-fold increase in the frequency of somatic sister chromatid exchanges was observed. An interesting phenomenon of "centromeric association" was observed in the bone marrow cells of mice treated with carofur, where the centromeres of the acrocentric chromosomes were oriented towards each other in groups of 2's or more.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Cytological effects of Tc on young soybean plants.

Soybean seedlings (Glycine max cv. Williams) were exposed for 24 to 67 h to 99TcO4- (Tc) at various concentrations in dilute culture solution. Reduced primary leaf midrib length was observed with 67-h exposures to greater than or equal to 6.0 mu M Tc. Cellular effects were consistently observed by a light microscope after 43-h or longer exposure to 6.6 microM Tc and higher concentrations. At lower Tc levels, abnormal cells were interspersed among cells of normal appearance. Abnormal cells displayed blockshaped nuclei which were more densely stained by Harris' hematoxylineosin Y than controls; such cells frequently demonstrated incipient plasmolysis. The number of affected cells increased with dose; both nuclei and cytoplasm demonstrated greater staining intensity and more severe plasmolysis at higher levels. At levels of greater than or equal to 13.2 Tc, cellular damage was extensive. Cells were reduced in size and were highly plasmolysed; cell walls were distorted, and intercellular spaces were reduced or became nonexistent. Mitotic activity was observed at Tc levels less than or equal to 9.9 microM. Observed Tc cellular effects are attributed principally to the alteration of membrane permeability characteristics.

Mitosis↗
PubMed1976

Cytological effects of an organic phosphate pesticide on human cells in vitro.

This investigation was undertaken to determine the radiomimetic effects in vitro of the insecticide guthion [azinophos-methyl; O, O-dimethyl S-(4-oxobenzotriazino-3-methyl) phosphorodithioate] on two human cell lines, diploid (WI-38) and heteroploid (HEp-2). In WI-38 cells, dosages of 120, 140 and 160 microng/ml of guthion were effective in inducing an average chromosome breakage of 0.042, 0.058 and 0.165 respectively per cell. In control cells, the mean number of breaks per cell was 0.011. Chromosome breakages were significantly higher in treated cells. Since guthion prevents cells from entering into mitosis during treatment, the number of mitiotic cells decreases rapidly following treatment with higher concentrations. Similar dosages in treated HEp-2 cells also induced a high incidence of chromosome aberrations, the most common being chromatid breaks and exchanges. Infrequently noted were mild failure of condensation, despiralization, secondary constrictions, gaps, dicentric chromosomes and pulverization. To date, this study reaffirms previous findings of the potentially hazardous, mutagenic effects of guthion.

Azinphosmethyl↗
PubMed1978

Cytological effects of phenothiazine tranquilizing agents on barley meristems.

A growth reduction of 30--40% was noted in barley plants grown in two phenothiazine tranquilizers. Similar reductions were noted in the number of mid-anaphase cells, indicating the reduced growth could have been the result of a reduced mitotic rate. Also observed were several types of chromosomal aberrations. Electron microscopy revealed less endoplasmic reticulum and cytoplasmic organelles in the treated cells than in untreated cells. Various sized discontinuities in the nuclear membrane was the most frequent abnormality observed in the electron micrographs. The abnormal nuclear membrane was possibly a result of enzyme degradation.

Antipsychotic Agents↗