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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Ultrastructural identification of acid complex carbohydrate in cytoplasmic granules of normal and leukaemic human monocytes.

Complex carbohydrate in granules of monocytes was compared with that in granules of neutrophils by ultrastructural cytochemical methods. The acid mucosubstance in granules of both cell types stained with dialysed iron after brief fixation with dilute glutaraldehyde, but that in monocyte granules differed in failing to stain after stronger fixation. Approximately 10% granules in normal blood monocytes stained with this method, whereas more than 90% of granules in leukaemic monocytes from two of seven patients with acute myelomonocytic leukaemia stained intensely. This difference presumably results from unmasking of acid groups in immature granules or increased synthesis of granule mucosubstance in some leukaemic monocytes. Granules of monocytes differed further from those of neutrophils in failing after either type of fixation to stain with a high iron diamine technique for for demonstration of sulphated mucosubstance. The absence of high iron diamine staining could reflect a lack of sulphate esters in monocyte granule mucosubstance, masking of the sulphate groups by other components, or extraction of the sulphated mucosubstance during specimen processing.

Cytoplasmic Granules↗
PubMed1978

Light and electron microscopic observations on a ganglioneuroma.

This report describes some additional morphologic observations on a mediastinal ganglioneuroma. The neoplastic neurons contained argentaffin cytoplasmic granules presumably representing neurosecretory granules. Cytoplasmic inclusions resembling Pick's bodies were frequently observed in the neuronal components of the tumor. These inclusions consisted of neurofilaments mixed with a variable number of microtubules, dense core vesicles and other organelles. These findings expand the range of conditions in which Pick's bodies are found.

Child↗
PubMed1977

Cytochemical variation of mast cells in the skin of the rat.

The mast cells of the skin of the external ear of the rat have been examined, with a view to the possible identification of different cell-types. It was not possible to discern more than one type of cell using criteria of size, shape, nuclear chromophilia or sizes of granules. The cytoplasmic granules of all of the cutaneous mast cells were tingible with Alcian blue (pH. 1.0 and 2.5) and, metachromatically, with toluidine blue 0. These properties were attributable to the heparin contained in the granules. The cells all gave positive reactions with the diazosafranine method, possibly by virtue of their content of serotonin. About two thirds of the mast cells in the dermis contained granules which were stainable by the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) method and which could bind concanavalin A. It is suggested that these latter cells contain, in addition to heparin, a neutral mucosubstance characterized by a high content of alpha-d-glucosyl and/or alpha-d-mannosyl monosaccharide residues. The PAS-positive cells were relatively more abundant in vascular adventitiae and nerves and less so in the general connective tissue of the dermis than were the mast cells which did not contain the second mucosubstance.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Pulmonary oat cell carcinomas. Expression of plasma membrane antigen correlated with presence of cytoplasmic neurosecretory granules.

A plasma membrane antigen highly associated with pulmonary oat cell carcinoma has recently been identified. Expression of this surface antigen was now examined in routine surgical pathology material from 32 primary lung tumors by immunostaining. The staining patterns of 17 tumors diagnosed as oat cell carcinoma by light microscopy were compared to those of 10 epidermoid carcinomas, four carcinoid tumors, and one lymphocytic lymphoma. In addition, when available, the oat cell carcinoma group was also studied by electron microscopy for demonstration of cytoplasmic neurosecretory granules. Twelve of the 17 oat cell carcinomas and one of the epidermoid carcinomas expressed the antigen. In this group of small cell tumors of the lung, aggrement was found between the expression of this immunochemical marker and the presence of neurosecretory granules in the cytoplasm of the tumors. Demonstration of this surface antigen in routine surgical pathologic material may be a useful aid in the diagnosis of these tumors. The failure of a group of tumors, which satisfied the light microscopic criteria for oat cell carcinoma to stain for the antigen, demonstrates heterogeneity within the oat cell carcinoma group.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1978

[Tetrazolium methods for the histochemical investigation of hydrolases (author's transl)].

Using freeze-dried or sections from fresh-frozen or aldehyde-fixed material nitro BT (NBT), tetranito BT (TNBT), distyryl nitro BT (DS-NBT), thiocarbamyl nitro BT (TC-NBT) or benzothiazolylstyrylphthalhydrazidyl tetrazolium chloride (BSPT) were tested as auxiliary reagents for the localization of glycosidases, phosphatases and non-specific esterases with indoxyl substrates in rat tissues. By means of NBT or TNBT as a tetrazolium salt acid beta-D-galactosidase, beta-D-N-acetylglucosaminidase, acid phosphatase, neuraminidase and non-specific esterase can only be localized at the cellular level; a more precise localization is possible for lactase-beta-D-glucosidase in the intestinal brush border, and the best results are obtained in the demonstration of alkaline phosphatase; among all methods described previously the tetrazolium procedure with TNBT is the method of choice for the light microscopic localization of this enzyme. Reverse data are observed with BSPT as a tetrazolium salt; then, all acid and neutral hydrolases can be exactly localized in lysosomes, secretion granules, cytoplasm and/or microvilli of many cells and tissues provided BSPT-formazan is stabilized by osmification. Furthermore, this procedure enables the reliable ultracytochemical demonstration of these enzymes. However, in the case of alkaline phosphatase only sites with high enzyme activity reveal a positive reaction. -DS- and TC-NBT are inferior to NBT, TNBT or BSPT.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1977

A population of lymphocytes in human blood distinctive in morphology and other characteristics.

Evidence is presented that lymphocytes characterised by being large and having abundant feebly staining, and usually profusely granulated cytoplasm ('pale' cells) are a group which is distinct from the other small basophilic ('dark') cells. In patients with genetic storage disorders characterised by abnormalities of lymphocyte structure, the structural peculiarites were confined to the basophilic cells, and cytochemical differences were found between the 'pale' and 'dark' cells in normal subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Morphologic variations along the length of the monkey vas deferens.

Gross and microscopic morphology of the vas deferens of sexually mature macaque monkeys were studied with special reference to the changes and modifications occurring throughout its entire length. The vas deferens was subdivided into four regional segments designated proximal, middle, distal, and ampulla. Each segment showed morphologic variations and it seemed to correspond roughly to the region located in a different part of the body which it traverses. The longitudinal folds of the epithelium are simple in the proximal region but gradually become more complex towards the distal region. In the ampulla, they often branch and form crypts. Stereocilia of epithelial cells are taller and more uniform in the proximal portion in comparison with the short, irregular stereocilia found in the more distal segment of the vas deferens. The luminal epithelial cells of the proximal part apparently have no granules or cytoplasmic blebbings, while the principal cells in the distal portion contain large numbers of cytoplasmic granules and apical blebs. Cells in the middle segments possess cytological features intermediate to the proximal and distal regions. These structural variations along the length of the vas deferens sug gest that this segment of the excurrent duct of the testis performs functions other than just as a passageway for spermatozoa.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Leu-enkephalin-like material in nerves and enterochromaffin cells in the gut. An immunohistochemical study.

The distribution and cellular localization of leu-enkephalin in the gut and pancreas was studied by immunohistochemistry using two different antisera, one specifically directed against leu-enkephalin and the other cross reacting with met-enkephalin. The results were identical with both antisera. In all species examined, enkephalin-immunoreactive material was found in nerves of the smooth muscle, particularly numerous in the myenteric plexus. Here, immunoreactive nerve cell bodies were observed occasionally. In addition, enkephalin-immunoreactive material was demonstrated in gut endocrine cells of chicken, mouse, rat, pig and monkey but not of guinea pig, cat and man. Enkephalin cells were detected also in the exocrine parenchyma of the porcine pancreas. They were rare in the gut of mouse, rat and monkey but numerous in the antrum and duodenum of pig where they were identified as 5-hydroxytryptamine-storing enterochromaffin cells. The enkephalin-containing cells of the porcine antrum and duodenum were defined ultrastructurally by the consecutive semithin/ultrathin section technique. The ultrastructural features were typical of enterochromaffin cells, the most characteristic ones being the irregular shape and high electron density of the cytoplasmic granules. The immunoreactive material was confined to the cytoplasmic granules.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Morphological and histochemical studies on a PAS-positive granular leukocyte in blood and connective tissues of Catostomus commersonii Lacépède (teleostei:pisces).

This study was undertaken to identify an ubiquitous granular leukocyte found in Catostomus commersonni Lacépède. The cell contains large, numerous, strongly PAS-positive cytoplasmic granules, an eccentric nucleus and prominent, persistent juxtanuclear space. It develops in the hemopoietic tissue of the kidney, and mature cells are found not only in kidney and peripheral blood but also in areas of connective tissue where mast cells are usually located. Electron microscopy confirms the presence of a large Golgi apparatus, unlamellated cytoplasmic granules and extensive rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum. Histochemical studies show that the cytoplasmic granules are alcianophobic, non-metachromatic and unstained by acridine orange. Histamine is detectable spectrophotometrically in kidney tissue, but the PAS-positive granular leukocyte does not consistently degranulate after treatment with histamine liberator 48/80. The authors suggest that while the PAS-positive granular leukocyte is not identical with classical basophils/mast cells, which are absent in C. commersonnii, it may represent an evolutionary precursor of these cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Phospholipase A activity associated with membranes of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes.

Homogenates of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (granulocytes) contain a Ca2+-dependent phospholipase A with optimal activity pH7.0. This enzyme is membrane-bound and is enriched in crude cytoplasmic-granule fraction. Ratezonal centrifugation of the cytoplasmic-granule fraction demonstrates that the phospholipase A is associated not only with specific- and azurophilic-granule populations but also with an 'empty' vesicular fraction containing 85% of the total alkaline phosphatase activity of whole homogenate. Thus this phospholipase is associated with granule as well as with other cellular membranes of human granulocytes.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Studies of vertebrate kidney. VI. Histochemical localization of phospholipids in kidneys of fishes from different habitats.

Six fish species living in different habitats such as fresh water, estuarine, and marine were studied for the distribution of phospholipids in various regions of the kidney. Well known histochemical methods, including those for choline-containing phospholipids were employed. The distribution pattern of phospholipids in different parts of the kidney such as the brush border, basal border and cytoplasmic granules of the proximal tubule cells, the cytoplasmic granules of the distal tubule cells, glomeruli and interstitial cells is given. Choline-containing phospholipids are present in the brush border of the proximal tubules of all the species studied and in the basal border of some. In the discussion an attempt at correlation of this histochemical pattern with the excretory functions and osmoregulation in these fishes is given.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1975

Cellular localization of kallikreins in rat submandibular and sublingual salivary glands: immunofluorescence tracing related to histological characteristics.

Immunohistochemical localization of rat salivary gland kallikrein was related to glandular structures in tissue processed and stained by various methods. In the submandibular gland, most of the kallikrein was located to cytoplasmic granules of the granular tubules. Cells of the striated ducts showed a faint cytoplasmic staining with a bright luminal rim that occasionally was seen also in the excretory ducts. Minor amounts of kallikrein was found in the interstitial tissue. In the sublingual gland, kallikrein was found in the cytoplasm of the striated duct cells and as a luminal rim in the main ducts. Acini were negative in both glands. Fixation in Helly's fluid preserved cytoplasmic granules and was thus superior for intracellular localization of kallikrein, whereas ethanol fixation, due to absence of non-specific background staining, afforded the most sensitive method for detection of small amounts of antigen. In the submandibular gland, best identification of granular tubules and striated ducts was achieved with DMAB-nitrite staining for tryptophan and counterstaining with Mayer's haemalum on sections of tissue fixed in Helly's fluid. In the sublingual gland, the duct system was best demonstrated by haematoxylin-eosin staining.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Ultrastructural localization of peroxidatic catalase in human peripheral blood leukocytes.

Localization of peroxidatic catalase in human peripheral blood leukocytes was accomplished by the assessment of alkaline diaminobenzidine reaction in the cytoplasmic granules of normal and acatalasemic leukocytes. A modified cytochemical procedure of Novikoff and Goldfischer (Novikoff AB, Goldfischer S: J Histochem Cytochem 17:675, 1969) and of Fahimi (Fahimi HD:J Cell Biol 43:275, 1969) was employed to improve the specificity of alkaline diaminobenzidine test for catalase. Diaminobenzidine-positive reaction for peroxidative catalase was observed in large and medium-sized granules in the cytoplasm of normal neutrophils, but a striking and notable absence of this reaction was observed in acatalasemic neutrophils. The test for myeloperoxidase, with the diaminobenzide reaction performed at neutrality, disclosed positively stained granules in both normal and acatalasemic neutrophils. Similarities in size and configuration of the positively stained granules for these enzymes suggest that catalase is sequestered in organelles which may be primary or azurophilic granules. Myeloperoxidase has been shown to be localized in the primary granules by others. It is possible that catalase and myeloperoxidase may be sequestered together or separately in these granules, but the present data do not permit us to draw this distinction. The ultrastructural localization of peroxidatic catalase and myeloperoxidase has been attempted in eosinophils, lymphocytes, and platelets, and the observations are compared with those of neutrophilic granules. The localization of peroxidatic catalase in monocytes could not be assessed satisfactorily because of the difficulties encountered in proper sampling of these cells.

Acatalasia↗
PubMed1979

Phenotypically distinct target cells for murine sarcoma virus and murine leukemia virus marrow transformation in vitro.

An in vitro hematopoietic microenvironment was established from explained fragments of bone marrow from adult noninbred NIH Swiss mice with the use of corticosteroid-reconstituted horse serum. Infection with Kirsten murine sarcoma virus (Ki-MuSV) with either a Rauscher murine leukemia virus (R-MuLV) or Balb:virus-1 helper virus coat reduced proliferation of granulocytic and pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells and produced neoplastic transformation of both macrophages and preadipocytes in the adherent cell population within a 4-week period. Ki-MuSV-transformed, virus-releasing macrophages formed clusters of 4-49 cells in 0.8% methylcellulose-containing medium in the absence of added colony-stimulating factor (CSF), synthesized lysozyme, ASD-chloroacetate substrate-specific esterase-M, and CSF, and produced tumors following inoculation iv into adult NIH Swiss mice or ip into newborn NIH Swiss mice. In cultures infected with helper leukemia viruses R-MuLV or Balb:virus-1, gradual transformation of a distinct cell phenotype was observed over a 9-week period with generation of increasing numbers of atypical myeloblasts and promyelocytes which showed dyssynchronous nuclear-cytoplasmic maturation, basophilic granulation, cytoplasmic vacuolation, and formation of incompletely maturing CSF-dependent granulocyte-macrophage colonies in vitro and small spleen colonies in vivo. These data demonstrated that rapid biologic expression of the murine sarcoma virus genome in specific adherent "stromal" marrow cells prevents detection of a more subtle helper-virus-induced dysmyelopoiesis in a distinct nonadherent cell population.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Some ultrastructural features of acinic cell carcinoma.

The ultrastructure of an acinic cell carcinoma, occurring in the left parotid gland of a 52-year-old woman and causing a total facial nerve paralysis, is described. Histologically the tumour consisted of numerous granulated cells arranged around lumen-like openings and resembling a secretory system. Furthermore, areas with agranulated cells growing in a solid pattern were also encountered. In the electron microscope the cytoplasmic granules of the tumour cells displayed a varied appearance. Granules of a dense homogeneous type, as well as granules with a more electron lucid appearance were observed. Furthermore, numerous cytoplasmic granules displayed a bipartite structure with a dense central and a more electron lucid outer zone. In specimens primarily fixed in OSO4 or KMnO4 the granules displayed a 'leached out' appearance. The membrane-bounded of the tumour cells also showed a strong positive staining with the periodic acid-chromic silver technique of Rambourg et al. (1969). Other characteristic ultrastructural features of the tumour cells studied were: Smooth cell surfaces, the presence of subplasmalemmal bands of electron dense material, desmosome-like attachment areas between cells and grossly altered mitochondria.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1978

[Ultrastructural analysis of reactive changes in the exo- and endocrine epithelium of embryonal pancreas in organ cultures].

The purpose of the work was to study reactive changes of endocrine and exocrine epithelii of the rat embryonic pancreas in organic culturation. The culturation was carried out at 34 degrees C and in the nutritional mixture of the following composition: medium 199--70%, cattle serum--20%, chicken embryo extract--10%, glucose--400 mg/100 ml, vitamin "C"--7 mg/100 ml, benzilpenicillin--50 U/ml. Three series of experiments were carried out with cultivation of the pancreatic gland of 18, 19 and 20-day-old embryos for 4--28 days. The electronograms obtained demonstrate a certain difference in reactivity, cytophysiology and differentiation of exocrine and endocrine epithelium under the conditions of organic cultivation. During the process, endocrine epithelium undergoes primary differentiation, secondary cytodifferentiation and, further, degenerative changes and necrosis develop. B-cells of the insular apparatus grow and function better than the exogenous epithelium. On the 28th day of cultivation, the embryonic pancreas of 19-day-old embryo demonstrates certain signs of synthesis and B-granule formation. In B-cells cytoplasm, granules of different stages of secrete formation are revealed.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Fluorescence microscopy of viable mast cells stained with different concentrations of acridine orange.

Freshly harvested rat peritoneal mast cells were stained with different concentrations of acridine orange, a metachromatic fluorochrome known to form complexes with chromatin and muscopolysaccharides. Fluorescence metachromasia was observed in cytoplasmic granules in cell populations with intracelluar dye contents as low as 5 X 10(-16) mole per cell, one-half decade lower than required to produce metachromatic staining of the nucleus. Cytoplasmic granules did not stain uniformly throughout the cell; some granules exhibited red fluorescence and others green. As the amount of acridine orange uptake per cell was increased, cytoplasmic fluorescence became uniformly red and nuclear fluorescence gradually changed from green to yellow.

Acridine Orange↗