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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease in the Czech Republic and whole genome sequencing analysis of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 3 and 19A from 2018-2024.

AIM: To describe in detail changes in the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease in the Czech Republic during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Another objective is molecular analysis of S. pneumoniae isolates of serotypes 3 and 19A recovered in the Czech Republic between 2018 and 2024. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data on the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease and S. pneumoniae serotypes were obtained from the invasive pneumococcal disease surveillance program in the Czech Republic. S. pneumoniae isolates of serotypes 3 (63) and 19A (66) from 2018-2024 were subjected to whole genome sequencing (WGS) to characterize the GPSCs (Global Pneumococcal Sequence Clusters) and STs (sequence types) and place them in a global context. RESULTS: Results: During the COVID-19 pandemic, a significant decline was observed in the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease in the Czech Republic. Following the pandemic, the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease rose again to significantly higher levels than before the pandemic. Compared to the 2018–2019 period, the incidence of certain serotypes increased in 2023–2024, including vaccine serotypes 3, 4, 14, and 15B, while the incidence of serotypes 8, 12F, and 15A, among others, decreased. Whole genome sequencing analysis demonstrated the dominance of GPSC12 ST-180 among serotype 3 isolates throughout the study period. Among serotype 19A isolates, GPSC4 prevailed, particularly ST-416. CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated how rapidly the epidemiological situation of invasive pneumococcal disease can change and that continuous, systematic surveillance of invasive pneumococcal disease is necessary. The best prevention against invasive pneumococcal disease is vaccination, primarily with higher valency pneumococcal conjugate vaccines.

Czech Republic↗
PubMed1975

[Examination and incidence of rabies on the territory of the Czech Socialist Republic during 1969 - 1973].

In the course of the years 1969 until 1973, 20 058 animals including 43 species were examined for rabies in the Czech Socialist Republic. In the mentioned period rabies was found out in 1002 cases. The lowest occurrence was in the year 1970 -- 110 cases, and the highest in the year 1972, when 267 positive cases of rabies were diagnosed. A majority of the positive findings in the five years' period occurred in freely living animals, of which 889 cases (88.7 p. c.) were foxes. In dogs and cats, rabies was found altogether in 53 cases, which amounts to 8.6 p. c. In the territory of the Czech Socialist Republic rabies occurs in its silvatic form with an occasional transmission to domestic animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Current state and future trends in the estimation of human genetic risk from environmental chemicals in the Czech Socialist Republic.

The paper reviews results achieved in a pilot study about the effect of chemical mutagens on the Czech population. The method of non-work population studies revealed that the most significantly changing category was the frequency of birth defects. In a group of workers occupationally exposed to epichlorohydrin and haloethers, the suitability of cytogenetic analysis of peripheral lymphocytes as an indicator of occupational damage was tested. Current trends indicate that the late effects of genetic damage due to exposure to environmental factors are becoming a population problem. For this reason a program has been worked out for late effect studies to be conducted by the hygienic service and methods are recommended to be used for occupational and non-occupational exposure analyses. Their merits will be experimentally verified up to 1980. The objective of the program is to prove the practical applicability of the two methods and to obtain reliable data for preventive measures to be accepted to reduce the genetic risk to the population and the individual.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1979

Prevalence of HBsAg and anti-HBs in the Czech Socialist Republic (CSR).

A sample of 1 000 individuals of the urban and rural population of CSR covering all age groups was tested for the presence of HBsAg and anti-HBs. The rates for antigenaemia and antibody prevalence as determined by the RIA method were 1.5% and 12.5%, respectively. The antigen subtype adw was identified. HBsAg findings were significantly more frequent among the urban population, while the prevalence of antibody was comparable in both population types and both sexes. HBeAg was not detected in any case, anti HBe in one.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Evaluation of the eight-year period of compulsory measles vaccination in the Czech Socialist Republic (CSR).

The object of the study is the evaluation of a more than 8-year period of compulsory vaccination against measles in the CSR. So far, a total of 1,850,000 children have been vaccinated. A pronounced decrease has been achieved in morbidity while mortality and lethality reached zero values as early as in 1973. Changes occur in the epidemiological characteristic of measles manifested primarily by the shift of the age distribution of notified cases into older age groups, by continuous prolongation of interepidemic intervals and by gradual disappearances of typical seasonal incidence. Regular immunological surveys have become the most efficient tools in epidemiological surveillance of this infection and in monitoring the vaccination programme. The results of immunological surveys indeed led to the introduction in 1975 of so-called second vaccination compulsory for children starting the first year of school attendance. Up to the present, a total of 24,000 cases of measles have been recorded in children vaccinated earlier, i.e., 1.5% of the total of vaccinated children. It can be expected that measles as a mass disease will be eliminated from the territory of the CSR in the next few years.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1977

Immunity status of Czech population with regard to poliomyelitis in 1970--1975.

The results of examination of antibodies against all three types ofthe poliomyelitis virus from the period of systematically performed multipurpose immunological survey in the Czech Socialistic Republic (1970--1975) are presented and evaluated. The analysis of these results indicates that the status of immunity in the Czech population, systematically vaccinated against poliomyelitis, is good, as all requirements of collective protection against this disease have been met. At the same time, the results demonstrated that immunological surveys are at present the most suitable method of verifying the immunity of the vaccinated population and should be consistently performed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2024

Gene expression patterns associated with PFOA exposure in Czech young men and women.

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a member of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), has been widely used in manufacturing for decades. Currently, PFOA is strictly regulated, but due to its high stability and persistence, it is detected in both environmental as well as in human matrices. To elucidate mechanisms of PFOA toxicity in humans, we determined the genome-wide transcriptomic changes of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) responding to PFOA exposure in a sex-stratified analysis. This work employed samples from 145 female and 143 male participants of the CELSPAC: YA study to characterize PFOA-associated transcripts in a broader context using computational analysis. PFOA-associated gene expression differed significantly between men and women, as only 2 % of mapped genes were expressed in both sexes. Disease-specific enrichment analysis revealed cancer and immune-related disease terms as those most enriched in male and female populations. Patterns of enriched terms within the gene set enrichment analysis indicated three main targets of PFOA toxicity: i) lipid metabolism for women; ii) cell cycle regulation for men; and iii) immune system response for both sexes. In summary, our genome-wide transcriptomics analysis described sex-specific differences in PFOA-associated gene expression and provided evidence about biological pathways underlying PFOA toxicity in humans.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Comprehensive study on pesticide residues and mycotoxins in freeze-dried strawberries and raspberries.

Freeze-dried fruit has gained popularity because it preserves the flavour and nutritional value of fresh fruit while providing extended shelf life. Despite this, there are concerns regarding its chemical safety. This study evaluated 58 freeze-dried fruit products from the Czech retail market, focusing on potential contamination. Pesticide residues and mycotoxins were determined using LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS. Overall, 111 pesticide residues (or their metabolites) and 3 mycotoxins were quantified. After applying processing factors, 12 pesticide residues exceeded EU maximum residue limits. Prohibited substances, including carbofuran, omethoate, and haloxyfop, were detected. Tenuazonic acid was found in 71% of samples, while alternariol and tentoxin were detected less frequently. More than half (54%) of strawberry samples contained 10 or more pesticide residues, indicating potential cumulative exposure concerns, particularly for children with lower body weight. These findings highlight the need for continued monitoring of freeze-dried fruits and further assessment of dietary exposure.

Pesticide Residues↗
PubMed1979

[Seasonal dynamics in the occurrence of bovine trichophytosis and human dermatomycosis in Czechoslovakia].

The occurrence of the outbreaks of bovine trichophytosis and numbers of people affected by this disease in the Czech Socialist Republic were studied in 1966 to 1977. The effectiveness of the preventive and therapeutic measures against the causative agents of the disease is proved by a marked drop of the number of outbreaks in all months in the mentioned period. The greatest drop was in March (74.9) and April (70.1 annually) and lowest in June to August (24.6 to 27.8 annually). Despite the drop of the number of trichophytosis outbreaks, the number of ill animals slightly rose (+402 heads). The slow decrease of the number of trichophytosis outbreaks in summer requires more intensive therapeutic and preventive activity. Summer emptying of stables, supporting the devitalization of dermatophytes, should be used in the sanitation of the houses. The highest monthly seasonal indices of bovine trichophytosis were found in May and April (more than 13% above the annual average), and the lowest in December (23% below the average) and in November (12.5% below the average). The seasonal occurrence of dermatomycoses in man does not coincide with the seasonal occurrence of the disease in cattle. The seasonal index is at its maximum in winter (January-March), reaching 13-15% above the average. The lowest value of the seasonal index was found in August (20% below the long-term average).

Animals↗