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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Cold stress in captive great apes recorded in incremental lines of dental cementum.

Incremental lines in dental cementum of museum specimens of 11 free-ranging great apes were compared to the respective structures in 5 captive specimens of known age-at-death, and with many known life-history parameters. While the dental cementum of the free-ranging apes was regularly structured into alternating dark and light bands, 4 out of 5 captive animals showed marked irregularities in terms of hypomineralized bands which could all be dated to the year 1963. Cementum preservation was insufficient in the fifth specimen and did not permit such a differentiation. All 4 captive apes had been kept in a zoo located in the northern hemisphere, where 1963 was characterized by an extremely cold winter. Since cold stress is a calcium-consuming process, the lack of available calcium in newly forming cementum could be responsible for the observed hypomineralization. The appositional growth characteristics of dental cementum serve as a record for such life-history events.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1995

Incremental lines in human dental cementum in relation to age.

Counting incremental lines in dental cementum is an accepted method for estimating age in many wild mammals. In human teeth such countings have given variable results, and the aim of the present investigation was to find out if one incremental line is formed per year in human teeth as well. Canines and single-rooted premolars were demineralized, paraffin wax-embedded, sectioned and stained, and the sections were viewed in a fluorescence microscope. Non-fluorescent lines, seen against a fluorescent background, were either counted directly or their number calculated by counting only some of them and computing this on the total width of the cementum. The correlation coefficient between tooth age and the number of lines for the whole material was = 0.84 when counted and = 0.73 when calculated. This coefficient was stronger in mandibular second premolars but lower in teeth extracted because of dental diseases. The coefficient was only significant in teeth from individuals below the age of 50 yr. The regression formula with tooth age as dependent variable indicated that only incremental lines formed in about every other year stained sufficiently to be counted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Quantitative study of the mineral substance of the human dental cementum].

A study of the mineral substance of human dental cementum was made by various biophysical methods. In healthy teeth, average degree of mineralization of the cementum as well as crystallinity and fluoride content of its mineral substance, were found to increase as a function of age. This evolution, typical of the physiological ageing process of calcified tissues, is especially pronounced for the cementum, because of the absence of remodeling activity such as that occuring in bone tissue. Cementum of impacted or semi-impacted teeth was found to have a significantly lower degree of mineralization than that of sound teeth in occlusion. In periodontally diseased teeth, the increase in crystallinity and degree of mineralization of the cementum as a function of age is considerably greater than that observed in healthy teeth. These changes were found to affect the cervical cement first of all, and progressively, the entire tissue. No difference was observed, however, in the fluoride content of the cement of periodontally diseased teeth and healthy teeth of the same age.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Microstructure of dental cementum and individual biological age estimation].

Evaluation of annual incremental lines of dental cementum is one of potentially valuable methods for biological age estimation in forensic anthropology. The objective of this work was to elucidate the relation between the number of those lines and the chronological age of an individual. Material of the study consisted of undecalcified sections of 227 permanent teeth of 178 individuals (89 males, 89 females, average age 47.5 years) (3-4 of each tooth, thickness 33-35 mum). Sections were analyzed under magnification of 20-40 times, photographed and evaluated using digitalized visual analysis system. Biological age was estimated by pooling the number of lines counted and the average age of tooth eruption. It was found that the number of lines strongly correlates with the chronological age (r>0.95, p<0.001). Factor of sex has no significant influence on the number of lines. Absolute average error was 5.58 years (11.75%), but the preciseness of the method decreases with age: among younger individuals it is lower - 3.71 years (10.09%), and higher among older - 7.86 years (13.1%). Regression power equation produces higher error than the traditional method: the best results are obtained by pooling the number of lines and average age of tooth eruption. Conclusion is made that the method is suitable for forensic anthropology, and digitalized system enhances the count and provides better results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Proteins of the periodontium. Characterization of the insoluble collagens of bovine dental cementum.

Cyanogen bromide (CNBr) peptides were prepared of the insoluble collagen of bovine dental cementum. Following chromatographic separation, the peptides were identified by their amino-acid composition. Type I collagen ([alpha1(I)]2alpha2) accounted for more than 90% of the organic matrix, while Type III collagen ([alpha1(III)]3) was present at a level of approximately 5%. Amino-acid analyses revealed that the CNBr peptides from alpha1(I) and alpha2 chains of cementum closely resembled the corresponding peptides from calf skin. The only systematic difference was a higher level of hydroxylation of prolyl and lysyl residues of the cementum peptides.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1993

Life history variables preserved in dental cementum microstructure.

The age and season of death of mammals, as well as other aspects of their life history, can be estimated from seasonal bands in dental cementum that result from variations in microstructure. Scanning electron micrographs of goats fed controlled diets demonstrate that cementum bands preserve variations in the relative orientation of collagen fibers that reflect changes in the magnitude and frequency of occlusal forces from chewing different quality diets. Changes in the rate of tissue growth are also reflected in cementum bands as variations in the degree of mineralization.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

On the validity of individual age-at-death diagnosis by incremental line counts in human dental cementum. Technical considerations.

Histological analysis of 91 roots from 80 freshly extracted teeth from patients with known calendar age and life-history parameters revealed that the validity of a chronological age-at-death diagnosis based on the count of incremental lines in human dental cementum is essentially dependent from two parameters: method of analysis, and pathological state of the investigated tooth. In this paper, we want to contribute to the establishment of a methodological standard procedure by comparison of our own results with otherwise published research designs. We conclude that as long as the necessary prerequisites are met, the quantitative analysis of cementum annulli will lead to a rather precise chronological age-at-death diagnosis. In addition, a qualitative analysis permits the ontogenetic dating of certain individual life-history parameters (e.g. previous pregnancies).

Age Determination by Teeth↗
PubMed1990

Dental cementum apposition as an indicator of age.

The purposes of the present investigation were to examine various ways of measuring cementum thickness, to study its relationship with age, and to consider what contribution this factor might offer in methods for age estimation. The amount of dental cementum apposition was studied in 1000 teeth, excluding molars, from a Caucasian population. Cementum thickness was estimated according to the scoring methods suggested by Gustafson and by Johanson. In addition, the width of the cementum was measured at the apex and also at approximately one third of the root length from the apex. Statistical analyses using the SPSS package in a Cyber computer indicated a symmetric left/right distribution of cementum thickness. The sum of the cementum thickness on vestibular and lingual surfaces, measured at one third of the root length from the apex, showed the strongest correlation with age (r = 0.40 to 0.65). A reduced rate of cementum apposition was observed in the elderly. Also, maxillary teeth had more cementum on the lingual than on the vestibular surfaces. A tendency was noted for less cementum to occur in women than in men and on teeth removed from deceased persons or extracted for pathologic reasons. Correlation coefficients indicated that, for at least some types of teeth, the cementum thickness might give a significant contribution to statistical methods of age assessment.

Age Determination by Teeth↗
PubMed1983

Surface coatings on dental cementum incident to periodontal disease. I. A scanning electron microscopic study.

Root surfaces of extracted human teeth with advanced periodontal disease were studied by the apically migrated junctional epithelium, the topography characteristic of uninvolved cementum was frequently masked by a surface coating. The thickness of the coating increased in a coronal direction where it often blended with calculus. The observations indicate that this surface coating may originate from the inflammatory exudate and corresponds to the dental cuticle. The findings also indicate that the coating may be mineralized and may contain exogenous substances. These observations illustrate a need for further study and reexamination of the rationale for removal of tooth substance during scaling and root planing.

Dental Cementum↗
PubMed2001

Incremental lines of dental cementum in biological age estimation.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the use of counting incremental lines of dental root cementum for biological age determination, and to compare it with alternative methods. Two samples were taken: 51 teeth from 49 individuals of known age obtained at the Stomatological Clinic, Vilnius University, as well as the canine teeth from the remains of 48 individuals from the mass graves of Tuskulenai in Vilnius (inhumed 1944-47). In the latter sample, the chronological age of 43 individuals was known through personal identification. Undecalcified teeth were sectioned with the Leica SP 1600 microtome diamond saw, and incremental line count as a blind test was made on sections of 35 to 100 microns thickness. Incremental line count was possible in 82-86 percent of cases. The results of three independent counts showed that intra-observer bias has no significant impact. Biological age was estimated by adding incremental line number to the average age of tooth eruption. It was found that mean absolute error was 6.46 years for the 1st sample, 6.27 years for the 2nd sample, and in some cases exceeded 10 years. For the 2nd sample, the results were compared to those of other methods such as endocranial suture ossification, pubic symphysis morphology and the "combined" method of Nemeskéri. All four methods yield a similar correlation in regard to an individual's chronological age. The highest correlation was found for the combined method, and the lowest one for public symphysis morphology. All correlations had a similar standard error. Thus our assessment is less enthusiastic than in some past studies; it is suggested that the incremental lines rather have a similar use as other methods.

Adolescent↗