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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Effect of low protein diets on free amino acids in plasma of young men: effect of wheat gluten diet.

Studies were made on alterations in plasma amino acids in young men fed a diet containing graded levels of wheat gluten. After one week on a standard diet containing 200 mgN/kg of mixed protein (animal protein content 45%), 38 young men were given a wheat gluten diet containing 170, 100, 60, 30, 15 or zero mgN/kg for 2 weeks. Blood samples measuring plasma free amino acids were taken before breakfast at the end of the periods on a standard diet and an experimental diet. In subjects on diets containing 170 to 30 mgN/kg the plasma concentrations of threonine, valine, methionine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, serine, histidine and arginine fell significantly with decrease in protein intake, but the concentration of alanine increased significantly. On the other hand, in subjects on diets containing 15 or zero mgN/kg, the plasma concentrations of the essential amino acids did not decrease, but increased to slightly more than in subjects on a diet containing 30 mgN/kg, and the alanine and glycine concentrations increased steadily. Values for plasma lysine varied from 146 +/- 22 to 194 +/- 31 mumoles/liter with gluten intakes of 170 to zero mgN/kg, but were comparable with that of 186 +/- 33 mumules/liter in subjects on a standard diet, showing that the plasma lysine concentration did not clearly reflect the dietary concentration of lysine in young men on a wheat gluten diet.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Influence of meal frequency on diurnal lipid, glucose and insulin levels in normal subjects on a high fat diet; comparison with data obtained on a high carbohydrate diet.

Diurnal levels of serum triglyceride (TG) were measured in six normal persons consuming a fixed solid 65% fat diet under steady state conditions in a metabolic unit. The food was divided into either three or eight similar portions, differently spaced over the day and night. The diurnal TG-profiles on this diet were practically identical to those found under comparable conditions on a 65% carbohydrate diet [1]. Mean diurnal TG values did not significantly differ with varying meal frequency. Free fatty acid levels, however, were significantly higher on a high fat diet. Post-prandial glucose and insulin reponses did not significantly differ whether a high fat diet or a high carbohydrate diet was consumed. We conclude that the composition of the diet is of little importance in determining diurnal TG patterns when the diet consists of normal food stuffs, but that these patterns are dependent on meal frequency and distribution.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1978

[Behavior of certain parameters of lipid and energy metabolism. 5. Effects of high-fat and low-fat diets on certain biochemical parameters in rat livers before and after change of diet].

Typical metabolic patterns are detectable in the livers of growing rats after feeding diets with high (25%) or low (2%) fat contents. In view of the elucidation of problems related to the regulation of the metabolic processes, it is of interest to know in what way these metabolic patterns change after short-time change from the one diet to the other and if there are hierarchies. Within 2 days after change of diet, the enzymes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, NAD-malate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase and fatty acid synthase were affected, only the 3'.5'-c AMP-splitting phosphodieterase showed no change. The metabolites lactate and pyruvate also changed, inversely to lactate dehydrogenase activity, the lactate-pyruvate ratio remaining almost constant. Acetyl CoA also responded in a characteristic manner. The single parameters were differently affected by the kind of the change of diet (from high-fat to low-fat diet or inversely). For example, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase responded very rapidly to the change from the high-fat to the low-fat diet, malate dehydrogenase behaved inversely, and citrate synthase responded to both changes. Consequently, the regulatory processes after change of diet start from different sides. It is thinkable that this behaviour is related to the different roles of the determined parameters in fat and energy metabolism.

3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed1978

Diet-induced atherosclerosis and experimental hypertension in stumptail macaques (Macaca arctoides). Effects of antihypertensive drugs and a non-atherogenic diet in the evolution of lesions.

This study was carried out to determine the evolution of atherosclerotic lesions during a therapeutic period during which regression might be appreciated. We produced aortic and coronary atherosclerosis in 27 young adult stumptail macaques (Macaca arctoides) by feeding a diet supplemented with 2% cholesterol and 25% fat. Hypertension was produced by bilateral or unilateral narrowing of the renal artery. After six months of this regimen, four monkeys were killed (group 1) and 23 monkeys were divided into three groups: group 2 received unsupplemented diet; group 3 received the same diet as group 2 and drug treatment for hypertension; group 4 was continued on the atherogenic diet and received antihypertensive drug treatment. The results indicate that deleting the atherogenic diet leads to a decrease in the lipid content of the lesions and a transformation of the lipid laden atherosclerotic plaques into lipid-poor, fibro-collagenous lesions, with a decrease in the amount of coronary luminal narrowing. Partial control of systolic hypertension by antihypertensive drugs did not accelerate the involution of the atherosclerotic lesions over the relatively short period of this study. No statistically significant correlation by regression analysis was observed between the level of blood pressure elevation, the plasma renin activity, or the degree of the drug response, and the severity and extent of the atherosclerotic lesions. Furthermore, severe arterial hypertension without an atherogenic diet (group 5) produced arteriosclerosis of the aorta, and intensified branch cushions in the coronary arteries, without inducing lipid deposition in either vascular bed.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Low-fat diet versus low-carbohydrate diet in the treatment of type IV hyperlipoproteinaemia.

The response to dietary management was studied in 24 hypertriglyceridaemic out-patients. Fourteen patients were kept on a diet low in fat and cholesterol and high in polyunsaturated fatty acids; 10 of these patients subsequently followed a period of low-carbohydrate diet. At the end of the first period a significant decrease of serum triglyceride, cholesterol and beta-lipoproteins was observed; after the second feeding period no substantial change of serum lipoprotein pattern occurred. Ten patients were given a low-carbohydrate diet that produced a significant fall of the levels of triglycerides and pre-beta-lipoproteins. Six of these subjects continued the experiment with the low-fat diet; during this period a further trend toward reduction of serum triglyceride, cholesterol and beta-lipoproteins was observed which, however, was not statistically significant. We conclude that serum triglyceride levels can be lowered both by a low-carbohydrate diet and by a low-fat diet, but the latter has the advantage of also producing a significant fall of serum cholesterol and beta-lipoproteins.

Adult↗
PubMed2026

Long-term microbiome and clinical effects of a microbiome-guided personalized diet versus low-FODMAP diet in irritable bowel syndrome: A 12-month follow-up randomized controlled trial.

Dietary therapy is central to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) management, yet the long-term durability of the low-FODMAP diet (LFD), and of microbiome-guided personalization, remains unclear. We assessed the long-term clinical and gut-microbiome effects of a microbiome-guided personalized diet (PD) compared with a standard LFD in adults meeting Rome IV criteria for IBS. In this multicenter, open-label randomized controlled trial with blinded outcome assessment, participants who completed a 6-week dietary intervention (PD or LFD) were followed at 6 and 12 months without further dietary intervention. Outcomes included the IBS Severity Scoring System (IBS-SSS), IBS Quality of Life (IBS-QOL), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS); gut microbiota were profiled by 16S rRNA sequencing. Longitudinal changes were evaluated using linear mixed-effects models, responder analyses, PERMANOVA, and PERMDISP. Both diets reduced IBS-SSS at 6 weeks. PD maintained symptom improvement at 6 and 12 months (-82.0 and -78.3 points from baseline), whereas LFD benefits regressed by 12 months (+29.3 points; between-group p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.001). At 12 months, IBS-SSS responder rates were higher with PD than LFD (62.5% vs 34.5%; absolute risk difference&#x2009;+28.0%, 95% CI 4.2-47.7; Fisher p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.029), and IBS-QOL, HADS-anxiety, and HADS-depression showed more favourable trajectories with PD. PD was associated with sustained Shannon alpha-diversity gains (+0.488 at 6 weeks;&#x2009;+0.205 at 12 months; both p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.01). A modest between-group beta-diversity difference at 6 months (R2&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.035; p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.011) was not significant at 12 months. This hypothesis-generating follow-up suggests more durable benefit with PD; larger trials powered for long-term clinical and microbiome outcomes are warranted.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Nutritional studies of the south eastern state peasant diet: studies of the effect of malarial infection (Plasmodium berghei) on electrolyte changes in rats fed the peasants' diet.

1. Plasmodium Berghei (malaria infection) is not specifically related to the nutritional status of the host though nutritional status may aid the advance or elimination of the parasite. 2. The effect of the infection is more severe in low protein diets than in diets whose protein content was adequate. 3. There was no evidence of excessive urinary excretion of electrolytes in the infected rats. 4. It is suggested that low plasma levels of electrolytes in the infected rats were due to skin losses and these losses were independent of the protein content of the diet thus severity of malarial infection is unaffected by protein nutrition.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Unusual fatty acids in turkeys fed a diet containing "Toprina". I. Composition of the higher fatty acids in "Toprina", the diet, feces and blood].

Totals lipids (TL) phospholipids (PL) and fatty acid composition of TL and PL (the latter in blood only) were estimated in Candida lipolytica cultivated on n-alkanes by industrial method ("Toprina"), in 0%, 10% and 15% "Toprina" diets and in faeces and blood of turkeys, males and females, fed these diets. With increasing concentrations of dietary "Toprina" phospholipids and 15:0 and 17:0 fatty acids increased, 17:1 and 17:2, typical of the product, appeared and increased in diets and blood. Other lipid and fatty acids values were not affected by dietary yeast.

Alkanes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Assessment of the adaptational potentials of the body of children with phenylketonuria to diets including berlofen in long-term diet therapy].

The state of the nitrogen balance and physical development of 14 children ill with phenylketonuria (PKU), aged from 5 1/2 to 8 years, kept on a long dietotherapy for 21/2--61/2 years and subsequent application of a broadened ration of alimentation, was studied. A lengthy dietotherapy is shown to bring about an adaptation of child's organism to restricted phenylalanine in the food, but a diet with berlophen is not optimal for the normal physical development of children suffering from PKU. In children aged over 5 a broadened diet is suggested.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1979

[Carbohydrate-reduced diet and metabolism: about the influence of a 4-weeks isocaloric fat-rich, carbohydrate-reduced diet on body weight and metabolism (author's transl)].

The influence of a 4-weeks carbohydrate-reduced, fat-rich diet on 9 slightly overweighted men was investigated. Caloric and protein intake remained unchanged. 70% were fat, 20% carbohydrates. Glucose, cholesterol, triglycerids, serumproteins, urea, uric acid, sodium and potassium were measured in rest. At a 60 minutes bicycle ergometer test glucose, triglycerids, free fatty acids and glycerol were registrated before and after 20 and 60 minutes work. The intensity was 70% of the maximal oxygen uptake. These were the most important results: (1) Body weight decreased continuously. One of the causes is an elevated heat production. (2) Serum-protein and -glucose remained unchanged. Cholesterol and triglycerides were reduced. Serum-urea, -sodium and -potassium diminished continually. On the contrary, uric acid raised over the normal range. (3) Work performance was reduced for 20%. (4) Hypoglycemic values did not appear. The oxidation of fat by the working muscles, and fat mobilisation increased by a fat-rich diet.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Recovery after fasting in the rat placed either on spontaneous diet choice or on imposed diet conditions].

During recovery from a five days' fasting, rats fed with separately presented glucids, proteins and lipids, show a 22 days' increase of the total caloric intake, and thus the fasting caloric lack is exactly compensated. On the contrary, rats fed with choice between proteins or glucids-lipids mixture (with various ratios) do not show such an increase, and thus do not compensate. The conclusion is, that the alimentary conditions are determinant in these kinds of experimentations.

Animals↗