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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Pathogenesis of Eustrongylides ignotus (Nematoda: Dioctophymatoidea) in Ciconiiformes.

Natural (n = 157) and experimental (n = 5) infections with the nematode Eustrongylides ignotus are described for ciconiforms collected in Florida (USA). Larvae perforated the ventriculus in 3 to 5 hr and caused hemorrhage and bacterial peritonitis that sometimes progressed to a fibrous peritonitis with extensive adhesions. Severity of the disease was related inversely to the age of the bird and directly to the number of parasites involved. Some infections in adult birds were resolved. As a consequence of eustrongylidosis, anorexia and behavioral abnormalities resulted in emaciation and may have predisposed birds to traumatic death. Host-parasite adaptations apparently were not adequate for nestling ciconiforms as death of nestlings usually occurred before infections become patent (longer than 14 days, less than 23 days). Patent infections were found in both color morphs of the great blue heron (Ardea herodius), and in great egrets (Casmerodius albus) and snowy egrets (Egretta thula). We propose that birds of the family Ardeidae are the primary definitive hosts.

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PubMed1988

The development of Eustrongylides tubifex (Nematoda: Dioctophymatoidea) in oligochaetes.

Egg development of Eustrongylides tubifex (Nitzsch in Rudolphi, 1819) Jägerskiöld, 1909, was studied at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 C. Eggs developed at 20, 25, and 30 C. Development ceased at 0, 5, 10, and 15 C but resumed when temperatures were raised. Eggs contained first-stage larvae in 23-26 days at 25 C. Seven species of aquatic oligochaetes were exposed experimentally to eggs of E. tubifex containing first-stage larvae. Third-stage larvae of E. tubifex developed in the aquatic oligochaetes, Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri Claparède, 1862, and Tubifex tubifex (Müller, 1774). Larvae developed in the ventral blood vessel of oligochaetes. Second-stage larvae were seen first in oligochaetes 30 days postinfection and third-stage larvae were seen 70-109 days postinfection at 25 C. Third-stage larvae in oligochaetes retained the cuticle of the first and second molt.

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PubMed2003

Epizootiology of Eustrongylides ignotus in Florida: transmission and development of larvae in intermediate hosts.

Under laboratory conditions, 2 modes of transmission of Eustrongylides ignotus (Nematoda: Dioctophymatoidea) to fish were identified. Eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) became infected after ingestion of either eggs of E. ignotus containing first-stage larvae or aquatic oligochaetes (Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri) containing third-stage larvae of E. ignotus. After removal from the uterus of gravid E. ignotus females and incubation for 17-28 days, depending on temperature, it was found that parasite eggs contained first-stage larvae that were infective to fish and oligochaetes. Larvae developed to the third stage in oligochaetes and were infective to fish 35-77 days postinfection (PI) and when fed to fish, developed to the fourth stage between 127 and 184 days PI. Eggs containing first-stage larvae fed directly to fish developed to the fourth stage between 84 and 105 days PI. The amount of time for development from the undifferentiated egg to the fourth-stage larva was 78-156 days shorter when fish ingested eggs containing first-stage larvae than when fish ingested oligochaetes containing third-stage larvae. Three species of large piscivorous fish, including black crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus), largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), and warmouth (Lepomis gulosus), were fed mosquitofish containing fourth-stage larvae. At necropsy, live E. ignotus larvae were recovered from all 3 species. Several fish had multiple infections after ingesting > 1 larva, indicating that bioaccumulation of the parasite in the food chain may occur.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Giant kidney worm (Dioctophyma renale) infections in dogs from Northern Paraná, Brazil.

This article describes the pathological observations of Dioctophyma renale in dogs from the northern region of the State of Paraná, Brazil. A female, 6-year-old dog, Fila Brasileiro breed and a 16-year-old, male Poodle were diagnosed positive for D. renale during routine necropsy. Clinically, both dogs demonstrated hematuria, and the Poodle had a radiographic diagnosis of prostatic tumor, but neither had a clinical diagnosis of this infection prior to necropsy. Three giant worms were observed in the urinary bladder of the first case and one within the renal pelvis of the other dog. Histological findings were similar in both cases and represented compressive atrophy due to the presence of the nematode. Additionally, aspects of the life cycle, pathogenesis and epidemiology associated with this parasitism in Brazil are also discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

First record of Eustrongylides tubifex (Dioctophymatidae) from little grebe, Tachybaptus ruficollis in Japan.

A nematode species belonging to the genus Eustrongylides (Dioctophymatidae) was obtained from the proventriculus of Tachybaptus ruficollis, found in December, 1995 in Kobe City, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan. Observation under a scanning electron microscope to investigate anterior extremity with the labial papillae in two circles showed that this species is identical to E. tubifex. This is the first record of this species in Japan.

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PubMed2007

Severe granulomatous lesions in several organs from Eustrongylides larvae in a free-ranging dice snake, Natrix tessellata.

During an extensive study regarding the epidemiology of larval Eustrongylides infestation in a free-ranging endangered population of dice snakes (Natrix tessellata) from Histria, Romania, an adult female was euthanized to evaluate pathologic changes. Parasites appeared as nodules at various locations: in subcutaneous connective tissues, on the serosae of the intestines and liver. Histologic sections revealed nematode larvae surrounded by a capsule, forming a parasitic granuloma with 3 layers: macrophage layer, lymphocyte layer, and fibrous capsule. Differences between newly formed and mature granulomas consisted mainly in the eosinophilic infiltration. Other types of parasitic granulomas of reptiles are discussed in comparison with our findings.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Dioctophymatid nematode larva found from human skin with creeping eruption.

A female dioctophymatid nematode larva, presumably belonging to the genus Dioctophyme, was found in a dermal granuloma accompanied by creeping eruption in the left inner thigh of a 26-yr-old Chinese woman who had stayed in Japan for 4 yr. Morphology of the sectioned worm is described in detail. This is the fourth case of dermal infection with dioctophymatid larva in humans.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Dioctophymidae eggs in coprolites from Neolithic site of Arbon-Bleiche 3 (Switzerland).

Dioctophymidae eggs were found in human coprolites dated from 3,384 to 3,370 BC from the site Arbon-Bleiche 3, Switzerland. This is the first record of dioctophymiasis in archaeological material. The important percentage of this disease in the studied coprolites raises the question of a higher prevalence during the Neolithic than at present.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

The epizootiology of eustrongylidosis in wading birds (Ciconiiformes) in Florida.

A total of 2,167 individuals representing 15 species of wading birds was examined for infection with the nematode Eustrongylides ignotus in Florida (USA). Ten of the species were infected with the greatest prevalences occurring in great blue herons (Ardea herodius) (33%), great egrets (Casmerodius albus) (22%), and snowy egrets (Egretta thula) (19%). Among nestlings, prevalences increased with age. This parasite was estimated to cause at least 80% mortality among nestling ciconiiforms at one colony in Everglades National Park, and was found in 15% of nestling ardeids throughout the state. Despite wide sampling efforts, infected fish (second intermediate hosts) were only found at six sites in Florida, all of which had been physically altered, such as with canals and ditches, and had an anthropogenic (human-caused) source of nutrient pollution. Colonies near sources of infected fish experienced significantly higher prevalences of eustrongylidosis that did colonies for which no source of infected fish could be found within 20 km. Higher prevalences were found at freshwater and estuarine mainland colonies than at marine colonies. Densities of aquatic oligochaetes, which may act as first intermediate hosts, were highest at sites containing infected fish and at sites with a source of nutrient pollution. Conservation and management of wading bird species should include consideration of this disease, epizootics of which seem to be linked to nutrient pollution.

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PubMed1996

Prevalence of Eustrongylides ignotus in mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) in Florida: historical and regional comparisons.

We examined mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) caught between January 1990 and December 1991 from 24 sites in northern Florida (USA), and preserved specimens collected from 32 sites throughout Florida between 1930 and 1978, for presence of the larval nematode Eustrongylides ignotus. We found 10 (42%) of the 24 recently-sampled sites in northern and central Florida had at least one larval nematode present in the fish; combining these data with results of previous work, 11 (15%) of 75 recently sampled sites throughout Florida had at least one nematode. By comparison, in the museum collections fish from only one (3%) of the 32 sites had the nematode, and none in northern Florida.

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PubMed2001

Altered predation susceptibility of mosquitofish infected with Eustrongylides ignotus.

Eustrongylides ignotus is a parasitic nematode whose definitive hosts are often piscivorous wading birds (Ciconiiformes). Several species of small fishes are intermediate hosts, while larger predatory fish may be paratenic (transport) hosts. We examined predation susceptibility of infected mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) to three species of predatory fishes, including juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salminoides), warmouth (Lepomis gulosus), and bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus). A 250 L aquarium with removable plexiglass divider and remote observation windows was constructed. Aquatic macrophytes were placed in the tank to provide refuge for the fishes. Predatory fish were allowed to acclimate to one half of the tank, while one infected and one uninfected mosquitofish were placed in the other. The divider was removed and an observer recorded the number of capture attempts and time required for capture. Predators were observed for behavioral alterations for 4 days after ingestion of infected mosquitofish, then examined at necropsy. Infected prey were selected preferentially in 31 of 38 (82%) trials. The number of capture attempts was 2.7+/-0.2 (x +/- SE) for infected fish and 3.9+/-0.4 for uninfected fish. Mean time of capture was 12.4+/-1.6 min for infected fish and 21.7+/-2.9 for uninfected fish. Because of these differences, infected mosquitofish were more susceptible to predation (P < 0.01) than uninfected fish. Aberrant behavior including lethargy, convulsions, and buoyancy abnormalities was observed in eight (67%) predatory fish. At necropsy, larvae of E. ignotus were found in the coelomic cavity, viscera, and swim bladders of predators. Parasite-induced behavior modification of intermediate hosts may predispose them to predation by wading birds and thereby facilitate the transmission of this nematode in natural populations.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Prevalence of Soboliphyme baturini in marten (Martes americana) populations from three regions of Alaska, 1990-1998.

Marten (Martes americana) carcasses were collected from trappers in three regions of Alaska. Stomachs were examined for the nematode parasite Soboliphyme baturini. Both prevalence and intensity of infection exhibited an increase from north to south. Prevalence was higher in adults (compared with juveniles) from the two mainland study areas. Prevalences in these two age classes were similar for the southeastern region. There were no sex-specific differences in prevalence. No pathologic changes were observed in the gastrointestinal tract. Impact of the parasite on either individual animals or populations was not detected.

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