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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Stability of equine infectious anemia virus in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae), Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera:Muscidae), and Tabanus fuscicostatus (Diptera:Tabanidae) stored at -70 degrees C.

Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) was injected intrathoracically into Aedes aegypti, Stomoxys calcitrans, and Tabanus fuscicostatus, and fed to Ae. aegypti in suspensions of either artificial blood of Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium. Insects were stored at -70 degrees C for up to 9 months before testing for the presence of EIAV. The viral tissue culture titers detected from stored insects were similar to those from insects tested at time 0.

Aedes↗
PubMed1992

Mitochondrial transfer RNA genes in a black fly, Simulium vittatum (Diptera: Simuliidae), indicate long divergence from mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) and fruit fly (Diptera: Drosophilidae).

Sequences are given for nine complete genes and one partial mitochondrial tRNA gene of the black fly, Simulium vittatum (Zetterstedt). Sequenced tRNA genes were for alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, leucine(CUN), lysine, serine(AGN), and valine. Nucleotides were aligned with the same previously sequenced genes in Aedes albopictus Skuse and Drosophila yakuba Burla. A cluster of six tRNA genes, which differ in arrangement in Ae. albopictus and D. yakuba, was amplified by PCR and found to have the same position and orientation in S. vittatum as in D. yakuba. Overall, similarity with either D. yakuba or Ae. albopictus was 86%. Sequences that were common to the three insects suggest that black flies and mosquitoes are as divergent from each other as either is from Drosophila. Sequences for nine species of black flies were obtained for tRNA leucine(CUN) from DNA amplified with another primer set. Little variation occurred within the tRNA gene but, by including the flanking regions to provide 175 base pairs, a phylogeny of the nine species was obtained that was largely consistent with current classification.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Detection of Israel turkey meningo-encephalitis virus from mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) and Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) species and its survival in Culex pipiens and Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Phlebotomidae).

Israel turkey meningo-encephalitis (ITME) virus was detected in pools of Ochlerotatus caspius Pallas and Culicoides imicola Kieffer trapped at a turkey run at Nir David during an outbreak in August 1995. Experimental membrane feeding on a blood ITME suspension showed that Culex pipiens L. became harbored virus for at least 14 d. When Phlebotomus papatasi Scopoli were fed on an infected turkey, they became infected and harbored the virus for at least 7 d. Because Phlebotomines are trapped frequently at turkey runs in Israel, they should be suspected as potential vectors of ITME.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Small subunit ribosomal RNA genes of tabanids and hippoboscids (Diptera: Brachycera): evolutionary relationships and comparison with other Diptera.

The small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) genes of hippoboscid (Ornithoica vicina Walker) and tabanid (Chrysops niger Macquart) Diptera were sequenced to determine their phylogenetic position within the order and to determine whether or not extensive hypervariable regions in this gene are widespread in the Diptera. A parsimony analysis of an alignment containing 8 dipteran sequences produced a single most parsimonious tree that placed O. vicina as sister group to Drosophila melanogaster Meigen. The tabanid Chrysops niger was sister group to the asilomorphan taxa, and the sister group to the Brachycera was a Tipula sp. although this relationship was not supported by bootstrap analysis. The hippoboscid and tabanid sequences contain extensive hypervariable regions in the V2, V4, V6, and V7 regions as do other Diptera. When these regions of the alignment were excluded from the phylogenetic analysis, a single most parsimonious tree was found. This tree had an identical overall topology to the tree obtained from the total data set. The hypervariable regions in parts of the dipteran SSU rRNA genes were more extensive in the nematocerous dipteran sequences used in this study than in the other dipteran representatives; these hypervariable regions may be of more utility in inferring relationship among species and subspecies than at the suprageneric level.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Phylogeny of the syrphoidea (Diptera) inferred from mtDNA sequences and morphology with particular reference to classification of the pipunculidae (Diptera).

Sequence data from 420 bp of mitochondrial 12s ribosomal DNA and 490 bp of 16s rDNA were analyzed for 27 species of Syrphoidea (Diptera) and two outgroup taxa. Morphological data for the Pipunculidae were combined with the pipunculid molecular data set. A partition homogeneity test on these data sets revealed no significant incongruence. The pipunculid phylogeny from molecular data closely resembles the published phylogeny based on morphology, with differences only with respect to the Nephrocerinae. There is very strong support for the monophyly of the Pipunculinae and the Chalarinae. The Nephrocerinae are hypothesized to be paraphyletic. Within the Syrphidae, there is support for a monophyletic Syrphinae and Microdontinae, but the Eristalinae are paraphyletic. More data are needed to resolve the eristaline phylogeny.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Simuliid blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) and ceratopogonid midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) as vectors of Mansonella ozzardi (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) in northern Argentina.

Mansonella ozzardi, a relatively nonpathogenic filarial parasite of man in Latin America, is transmitted by either ceratopogonid midges or simuliid blackflies. In the only known focus of the disease in north-western Argentina the vectors have never been incriminated. This study investigated the potential vectors of M. ozzardi in this area. The only anthropophilic species of these Diptera families biting man at the time of the investigation were Simulium exiguum, S. dinellii, Culicoides lahillei and C. paraensis. Using experimentally infected flies S. exiguum and both species of Culicoides allowed full development of microfilariae to the infective stage, with C. lahillei being a more competent host than S. exiguum. Based on these data, biting rates and natural infectivity rates it is probable that at the begininning of the wet season C. lahillei is the main vector of M. ozzardi and both C. paraensis and S. exiguum secondary vectors. Additionally, it was found that a single dose of ivermectin was ineffectual in eradicating M. ozzardi from infected individuals in this area.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Toxicity of an isolate of Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies darmstadiensis to adults of the Mexican fruit fly (diptera: (Diptera:Tephritidae) in the laboratory.

Centrifugation pellets obtained from an isolate of Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies darmstadiensis (Guat 1) cultured from a Guatemalan soil sample were found to be toxic to Anastrepha ludens (Loew) adults in the laboratory. We developed a bioassay diet that consisted of a mixture of the bacterium, a protein source, and sugar. A pH of 4.1 of the mixture was needed to obtain maximum adult mortality. One meal of the diet, which lasted from 30 s to 4 min, was enough to cause > 70% mortality of both fed or starved adults. Mortality of fed adults was 70-75% following a feeding period of 60 min and mortality of starved adults was 80-90% following a feeding period of 30 min. The isolate was toxic to adults from 1 to 21 d old.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

The role of botfly myiasis due to Dermatobia hominis L.Jr. (Diptera:Cuterebridae) as a predisposing factor to New World screwworm myiasis (Cochliomyia hominivorax coquerel) (Diptera:Calliphoridae).

In the tropics, the botfly Dermatobia hominis and the NWS Cochliomyia hominivorax are the most important myiasis agents in cattle. It is frequently reported that furuncular lesions due to D. hominis are a predisposing cause for screwworm myiasis. Our results pointed out that only 5.2 to 7.4% of C. hominivorax gravid females oviposited in the offered furuncular lesions. Of 3242 eggs layed on botfly lesions (BFL), only 82 (2.5%) developed to second instar and died. In the flies tested, the furuncular lesions due to Dermatobia were used as food supply in 81.3% of the cases. In our opinion, the role of pH, the microflora associated with BFL, and the foruncular structure were the reasons for this lack of attraction. BFL do not serve as a predisposing factor for screwworm myiasis in the tropics.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed2004

Effects of eucalyptol on house fly (Diptera: Muscidae) and blow fly (Diptera: Calliphoridae).

The effects of eucalyptol were evaluated against the house fly, Musca domestica L., and blow fly, Chrysomya megacephala (F.). The bioassay of adults, using topical application, indicated that M. domestica males were more susceptible than females, with the LD50 being 118 and 177 microg/fly, respectively. A higher LD50 of C. megacephala was obtained; 197 microg/fly for males and 221 microg/fly for females. Living flies of both species yielded a shorter life span after being treated with eucalyptol. The bioassay of larvae, using the dipping method on the third instar, showed that M. domestica was more susceptible than C. megacephala, with their LC50 being 101 and 642 microg/microl, respectively. The emergence of adults, which had been treated with eucalyptol in larvae, decreased only in M. domestica. Having the volatile property, fumigation or impregnated paper test of eucalyptol or the efficacy of repellence or attractiveness merits further investigations to enhance bio-insecticidal efficacy.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Hemilucilia segmentaria (Fabricius, 1805) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) as new biological vector of eggs of Dermatobia hominis (Linnaeus Jr., 1781) (Diptera: Oestridae) in Reserva Biológica do Tinguá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

The aim of this note was to record for the first time the finding of Hemilucilia segmentaria acting as biological vector of Dermatobia hominis, during a study of the diversity of Calliphoridae at Reserva Biol gica do Tinguá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The insects were captured using traps baited with chicken vicera, for a period of 28-30 h twice per month. In the period of one year, 1987 insects were collected, 7.5% of which belonged to the H. segmentaria; of these a female was captured in May 2001, carrying a mass of 20 eggs on the left side of its abdomen.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Ammonia and 1-octen-3-ol as attractants for Haematopota pluvialis, Hybomitra expollicata (Diptera: Tabanidae), and Morellia spp. (Diptera: Muscidae).

1-Octen-3-ol with and without ammonia were evaluated as attractants in canopy traps for Haematopota pluvialis L., Hybomitra expollicata Pand., and Morellia spp. Baited traps collected significantly more Tabanidae and female Morellia spp. than unbaited traps. 1-Octen-3-ol or 1-octen-3-ol with ammonia, increased catch by 4.2- and 4.3-fold for H. pluvialis, 5.9- and 8.6-fold for H. expollicata, and 1.2- and 1.6-fold for female Morellia spp., respectively.

Ammonia↗