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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1976

Stereospecific actions of 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (DOM) on colonic temperature in the rat at various ambient temperatures.

The R(-) and S(+)-isomers of 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (DOM) produce a dose-dependent hypothermia in rats kept in the cold (6 degrees C). 2 This hypothermia was linearly dependent upon ambient temperature and the R(-)-isomer was considerably more potent than the S(+)-isomer. 3 A statistically significant tachyphylaxis was observed when R(-)-DOM was administered on two successive days. The response seven days after the second injection was similar to that on the first day of injection. 4 The hypothermia induced by R(-) and S(+)-DOM was antagonized by methysergide but not by p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) or pimozide. Methysergide, PCPA or pimozide alone did not elicit hypothermia at the doses used. The results indicate that R(-) and S(+)-DOM act at post-synaptic 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors.

DOM 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine↗
PubMed1978

2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (DOM)- a central component of its cardiovascular effects in rats; involvement of serotonin.

The hallucinogen DOM produces a rise in blood pressure and heart rate when injected into the cerebral ventricles of anesthetized rats. These effects are abolished in rats with transected spinal cords but are unaffected by prior treatment with hexamethonium. Central but not peripheral administration of the serotonin antagonist BOL reduces the response. Tachyphylaxis to the response develops rapidly and is accompanied by a decrease in the ability of 5-HT to induce a centrally mediated cardiovascular change. It is concluded that the response is mediated by direct stimulation of central 5HT receptors. Tachyphylaxis may be the result of irreversible binding of DOM to 5-HT receptors or to 5-HT receptor densensitization.

DOM 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine↗
PubMed2026

Methane and carbon dioxide emissions from wastewater treatment units linked to DOM stabilization and phosphonate-scavenging microbiomes.

Municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are major engineered facilities for urban carbon removal, yet methane (CH4) formation and source mechanisms in downstream stages after aeration and biological nutrient removal remain poorly resolved. Process resolved monitoring at a full-scale WWTP showed that CH4 emissions were concentrated upstream, while measurable fluxes persisted in downstream sedimentation and denitrification units. Dissolved CH4 profiles showed strong attenuation of influent derived CH4 during upstream treatment, followed by a local increase after secondary clarification. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions peaked in the biochemical tank, consistent with rapid oxidation of labile organic carbon. Fluorescence and molecular analyses revealed a shift in dissolved organic matter (DOM) from protein like to more humic and processed molecules, while community assembly remained predominantly deterministic despite greater stochasticity in later stages. The C-P lyase catalytic core was enriched in these units, accompanied by higher phnJ transcript abundance, candidate organophosphonate features, and genomic potential. Together with BES insensitive CH4 formation in independent microcosms, these observations supported C-P lyase mediated organophosphonate utilization as a contributing pathway to local CH4 formation. Integrated evidence indicated that DOM stabilization, deterministic community filtering, potential succinate mediated cross feeding, and phosphonate scavenging jointly shaped this process. These findings show that advanced treatment units are not CH4 hotspots, but neither are they CH4 inactive zones; process resolved GHG assessments should therefore consider persistent local CH4 generation and its association with substrate restructuring and alternative phosphorus acquisition.

Dissolved organic matter↗
PubMed2026

Ecological Restoration of the Soil-Like Function in the Bauxite Residue: Natural Microbiomes Mediated Molecular Transformation of Dissolved Organic Matter.

Soilization of bauxite residues offers a scalable route for long-term carbon management and ecological restoration. However, the microbial processes that transform exogenous organic inputs into stable soil-like carbon pools remain poorly resolved. Here, we combined cross-ecosystem meta-analysis, machine-learning prediction, native synthetic community (SynCom) construction, 13C-labeled straw microcosms, field validation, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, and genome-resolved metagenomics to unravel microbiome-mediated carbon transformation at the dissolved organic matter (DOM) molecular scale. Our meta-analysis revealed that alkaline industrial wastes retained soil-like DOM signatures but were enriched in microbial humic- and protein-like components, indicating active yet incomplete carbon processing. Guided by these patterns, native SynCom inoculation increased 13C incorporation into total organic carbon (TOC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), enlarged biodegradable and adsorbable DOC fractions, and shifted DOM from recalcitrant aromatic pools toward oxygenated carbohydrate-, tannin-, and phenolic-like molecular classes. Genome-resolved analyses linked this transformation to complementary polymer degradation and nutrient-cycling functions across fungal and bacterial guilds, including enriched carbohydrate-active enzymes in straw-carbon-utilizing metagenome-assembled genomes. Null model and thermodynamic analyses further showed that microbial communities were constrained by homogeneous selection, whereas DOM molecules were diversified through variable selection and redox-dependent transformation. Field-scale validation confirmed that SynCom promoted TOC and DOC accumulation and humic-like, high-density DOM fractions under alkaline conditions. Together, these findings establish a mechanistic framework in which functional microbiomes couple plant carbon depolymerization, DOM molecular diversification, and mineral-interactive carbon stabilization, providing a microbiome-guided strategy for carbon sequestration and soilization in the bauxite residue.

Soil↗
PubMed1979

A characteristic effect of hallucinogens on investigatory responding in rats.

The disruption of the temporal distribution of investigatory responses by rats in a novel hole-board following lysergic acid diethylamide-25 (LSD), as described in a companion paper (Geyer and Light, 1979), was found to be a characteristic effect of a variety of hallucinogens. Similar effects were produced by indoleamine hallucinogens, such as LSD, N,N-dimethyltryptamine, and psilocin, and by phenylethylamine hallucinogens, such as mescaline or 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (DOM). Congeners of DOM that are inactive in humans had no significant effects. Furthermore, of a variety of other psychoactive drugs tested, only apomorphine produced an effect similar to that of the hallucinogens. These results suggest that a simple behavioral measure of exploration in a hole-board may provide a useful animal model with which to examine the common effects of hallucinogens.

DOM 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine↗
PubMed2025

Coupling of spectroscopy and nitrogen-oxygen isotopes unveils the mechanisms of dissolved organic matter and nitrate pollution in lakes within the agro-pastoral transition zone.

Lakes in arid and semi-arid regions are subjected to severe ecological stress, such as organic pollution, eutrophication, and salinization, due to climate change and human activities. This study investigates Chagannur Lake, a typical arid-region lake that is representative and ecologically sensitive in Northern China's agro-pastoral ecotone, to uncover its pollution characteristics and mechanisms. We employed fluorescence spectroscopy and stable isotope analysis to trace dissolved organic matter (DOM) and nitrate sources. The DOM composition was dominated by microbial metabolic byproducts and protein-like substances, suggesting that microbial processes are key to organic matter transformation. Source apportionment revealed that pollutants primarily originated from livestock and poultry manure (37.6 %), agricultural fertilizers (35.6 %), and soil erosion (24.7 %), with agricultural fertilizers contributing most significantly in the Gogstai River (63.3 %). A structural equation model (SEM) coupling spectral and mass spectrometric data revealed that microbial transformation significantly impairs the lake's self-purification capacity, thereby promoting pollutant accumulation (path coefficient = 0.91,*p < 0.05). Moreover, microbial processes link endogenous and exogenous pollution, a mechanism effectively traced by isotopic and fluorescence indices (path coefficient = 0.55, &#x204e;&#x204e;p < 0.01). These findings enhance the understanding of pollution sources and transformation mechanisms in arid-region lakes and offer foundational theoretical support for policymakers engaged in pollution control strategies.

Lakes↗
PubMed1975

Some pharmacological actions of 2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine (DOET) in rats and mice.

DOET, like DOM, exhibited pressor action in rats. This increase of blood pressure was blocked by pretreatment with cinanserin. DOET at high doses decreased the spontaneous locomotor activity of mice at the first hour but increased the activity at the second hour; a low dose was less effective. DOET also increased the rectal temperature of rats and this hyperthermic action was suppressed by pretreating the animals with cinanserin or methysergide. These actions of DOET were compared with those of DOM.

DOM 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine↗
PubMed1979

Dissolved organic matter utilization and oxygen uptake in algal-bacterial microcosms.

Under closed laboratory conditions, at non-limiting nutrient levels, the biomass of Anabaena variabilis, Anacystis nidulans, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, and Selanastrum capricornutum increased with increasing levels of dissolved organic matter (DOM) as a result of bacterially produced carbon dioxide (CO2) and (or) cofactors. Oxygen (O2) produced as a result of algal photosynthesis was sufficient to supply the najority of O2 required by the bacterial community. The percentage of DOM utilized by bacteria which was subsequently incorporated into algal biomass varied with individual species indicating that the association between individual algal species and the bacterial microbiota varied. Under natural conditions bacteria could provide CO2 and (or) cofactors for algal photosynthesis which in turn supplies O2 for bacterial respiration. This mutualistic association in aquatic environments could result in an increase in planktonic and epiphytic algal biomass if other nutrients are available.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1978

The identification of LSD-like hallucinogens using the chronic spinal dog.

The effects of several indoleamines and phenethylamines were studied in the chronic spinal dog and compared with two standard drugs, LSD and amphetamine. In the nontolerant chronic spinal dog, their effects on a variety of physiologic and behavioral functions were measured in untreated dogs, as well as dogs treated with certain antagonists. The effects of the antagonists phenoxybenzamine and cyproheptadine on the various physiologic effects were studied for all drugs. For some idoleamines and phenethylamines, the effects of chlorpromazine and pimozide were also studied. Indoleamines and phenethylamines in the LSD-tolerant chronic spinal dog and their anorexigenic effects in the intact dog were also studied. The results of these studies indicate that psilocin, mescaline, dimethyltryptamine and tryptamine are LSD-like drugs. DOM, DOB, DMA, and TMA are predominantly LSD-like drugs but do have some amphetamine-like action. PMA and PEA are predominantly amphetamine-like drugs with some LSD-like activity. MMDA and MDA have a more complicated pharmacology showing proerties that resemble LSD and amphetamine, but they have other actions which are not shared by either LSD or amphetamine, which suggests they have yet other modes of action.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Serotonin receptor binding affinities of several hallucinogenic phenylalkylamine and N,N-dimethyltryptamine analogues.

Hallucinogenic phenylalkylamine and N,N-dimethyltryptamine analogues are known to affect serotonergic systems both in vivo and in vitro. Using a rat stomach fundus model, the 5-HT receptor binding affinities of several of these analogues were determined and compared. The most behaviorally potent analogues examined, DOB, DOM, and 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, were found to possess rather high affirmities (pA2 = 7.35, 7.12, and 7.08, respectively) for the 5-HT receptors of the model system.

Amines↗
PubMed1976

[Ecology of syngamosis in a large scale farming area].

Within recent 20 years, Czechoslovak agriculture has undergone considerable changes due to the introduction of largescale farming. Our contribution presents the results of studies on chickens (Gallus gallus f. dom.) reared traditionally on runs in an area contaminated with the eggs of Syngamus trachea distributed with pheasant faeces. In addition to postmortem examination of 336 chicken tracheae, their faeces collected for one year from the runs were examined, but syngamosis was not found. Studies on small stocks of fowl in gardens close to the fields visited regularly by roosting, Syngamus-infected pheasants disclosed an occasional incidence of syngamosis in the chickens, none in guinea fowl, but frequent infection in young and adult turkeys. Another observation was made on a chicken stock reared inside a pheasantry. Although the incidence of infection of the pheasants with syngamosis was high throughout most of the year, an occasional infection only of the chickens was observed in three months. Postmortem examination of 254 tracheae of free-living birds disclosed that the incidence of syngamosis was highest in the pheasant. - Due to the introduction of large-scale farming, numerous biotopes formerly covered with trees and shrubs, were changed into arrable land. A considerable reduction occurred in the former high stand of partridges (Perdix perdix), while the pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) became widely distributed in agricultural areas. We studied the ecology of the pheasant in various biotopes by means of regular coprological examination without disturbance of the pheasants under consideration. Throughout most of the year the pheasant roosts on trees often growing in moist biotopes. In the morning and evening, the pheasant feeds regularly off the ground close to the roosting trees. From the spring onwards, throughout the summer any autumn, we observed at several sites a marked distribution of pheasants from the trees into the field where they roosted on the ground. The incidence of infection decreased considerably in pheasants, roosting on the ground of dry field biotopes, while in pheasants roosting in moist field biotopes, the incidence of infection increased considerably during the spring and remained at these levels throughout the summer until the autumn. A decrease in the incidence of infection was observed in late autumn. The incidence of infection was low during the winter and the beginning of the spring, but was present in biotopes with trees on which the pheasants from the surrounding areas concentrated. Free-living pheasants in a moist forest surrounded by fields with intensive large-scale cultivation showed a higher incidence of infection with syngamosis than pheasants from a forest pheasantry, in which rearing had to be discontinued for reasons of the death of chicks due to syngamosis. The incidence of infection increases with decreasing altitudes. The partridge (Perdix perdix) suffers less from syngamosis than does the pheasant from the same area...

Agriculture↗
PubMed2026

PathMED: an R toolkit for single-sample molecular scoring and machine learning with omics data.

MOTIVATION: Molecular scoring is a popular approach for studying pathway-level functional alterations with omics data. Using molecular scores for tasks such as single-sample molecular characterisation, phenotype prediction or disease stratification has several advantages compared to using omics data directly. Molecular scores provide biological interpretability and are more generalisable across datasets, facilitating data integration and machine learning applications. However, numerous scoring methods are available through different software packages, and currently there is a lack of tools to easily use these scores for model training and prediction. RESULTS: We developed pathMED, an R/Bioconductor package that unifies various scoring methods in a simple framework. Furthermore, pathMED also contains a machine learning module to train and test models that use the calculated molecular scores to predict clinical outcomes. We demonstrate some of its potential applications in three use cases using public omics data. We showed the generalisability of machine learning models trained on transcriptomic scores in predicting clinical outcomes when deploying on proteomic scores. We also demonstrated the application of transcriptomics scores in predicting breast cancer treatment response and identifying pathways strongly associated to tumour biology and treatment response. Finally, we demonstrated the benefit of integrating a novel gene set dissection step into the analysis pipeline to resolve disease heterogeneity at the pathway level. AVAILABILITY: PathMED is freely available in the Bioconductor repository (https://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/pathMED.html). Code to reproduce the analyses is publicly available at https://github.com/GENyO-BioInformatics/pathMED_article.

Software↗
PubMed2024

Genome-wide scan for selection signatures in Mexican Sardo Negro Zebu cattle.

The Sardo Negro cattle (SN) is the only zebu cattle breed developed in Mexico. Since its development, the selection could have led to an increase in the homozygosity level in some regions of the genome and made differentiation with other cattle populations. We aimed to identify and characterize selection signatures in SN using medium-density SNP data using four approaches: 1) Runs of homozygosity (ROH) 2) Nucleotide Diversity 3) Tajima's D and 4) the Wright's fixation index (FST). A sample of 555 SN animals genotyped for 65k SNPs was used to obtain ROH segments considered regions under selection. The FST values were estimated by comparing the sample of genotyped SN animals with samples of genotyped animals from the Gir, Brahman, and Ongole breeds. Only one region mapped to 35.78-42.51 Mb on BTA6 was considered a selection signature by the ROH method. This selection signature overlapped with the lowest diversity, negative values of Tajima's D and a diversification region between SN and the other Zebu breeds by FST. We found several candidate genes (LCORL, NCAPG, and SLIT2) related to growth and other economically important productive traits in this common region. Using the FST method, different regions, such as regions on BTA8 (8:93.4-93.9 Mb), BTA11 (11:99.2-99.7), and BTA14 (14: 26.1-26.8) related to growth and milk traits also were defined as candidate selection signatures. The selective signals identified in this study reflected the direction of the selection pressure that primarily involves the increase of live weight traits in the Sardo Negro cattle breeding program.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

High-Dose Intravenous Vitamin C and Mortality and Organ Dysfunction in Severe Burn Injury: The VICTORY Randomized Clinical Trial.

IMPORTANCE: Severe burn injury triggers systemic inflammation that can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions and death. High-dose intravenous vitamin C has been proposed to mitigate these effects, but strong evidence in patients with burn injury is lacking. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of high-dose intravenous vitamin C in patients with severe burn injury. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial conducted across 24 burn centers in North, Central, and South America; Europe; and Asia. Adults (&#x2265;18 years) with deep second- and/or third-degree burns covering 20% or more of total body surface area and requiring skin grafting were enrolled between August 18, 2020, and September 12, 2025. Final follow-up was completed in March 2026. The trial was stopped early after the first prespecified interim analysis for futility/harm. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive intravenous vitamin C (50 mg/kg every 6 hours for 96 hours) or matched placebo. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was a composite of 28-day mortality and persistent organ dysfunction (defined as dependence on mechanical ventilation, kidney replacement therapy, or vasopressor/inotrope support at day 28). The main secondary outcome was time to discharge alive from hospital within 90 days. RESULTS: Among 238 patients enrolled (mean age, 48.9 [SD, 19.1] years; 79% male; mean total body surface area, 37.0% [SD, 14.6%]), 120 were assigned to vitamin C and 118 to placebo. The primary composite outcome occurred in 49 patients (40.8%) in the vitamin C group and 35 patients (29.7%) in the placebo group (adjusted risk ratio [RR], 1.28 [95% CI, 0.99-1.65]; P&#x2009;=&#x2009;.06), crossing the prespecified futility/harm threshold and prompting early trial termination. Time to discharge alive from hospital within 90 days was not improved (adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.62-1.16]; P&#x2009;=&#x2009;.31). Twenty-eight-day mortality was higher in the vitamin C group (15.0% vs 7.6%; adjusted RR, 1.96 [95% CI, 1.32-2.90]; P&#x2009;=&#x2009;.001), as was hospital mortality (23.3% vs 16.1%; adjusted RR, 1.44 [95% CI, 1.03-2.00]; P&#x2009;=&#x2009;.03). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Among patients with severe burn injury, high-dose intravenous vitamin C did not reduce 28-day mortality and persistent organ dysfunction and is possibly harmful. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04138394.

Humans↗