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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

House dust mite control measures for asthma.

BACKGROUND: The major allergen in house dust comes from mites. Chemical, physical and combined methods of reducing mite allergen levels are intended to reduce asthma symptoms in people who are sensitive to house dust mites. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this review was to assess the effects of reducing exposure to house dust mite antigens in the homes of mite-sensitive asthmatics. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Airways Group trials register, checked reference lists of articles and hand-searched Respiration (1980 to 1996) and Clinical and Experimental Allergy (1980 to 1996). SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised trials of mite control measures in asthmatic people known to be sensitive to house dust mites. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers applied the trial inclusion criteria and extracted the data independently. One reviewer applied the trial quality assessment criteria. Study authors were contacted to clarify information. MAIN RESULTS: Twenty-three trials were included, with four trials awaiting assessment. There was little difference in improvement of asthma between people in experimental groups compared to control groups (odds ratio 1.2, 95% confidence interval 0.66 to 2.18). Asthma symptom scores were also similar for the experimental and control groups (standardised mean difference -0. 06, 95% confidence interval -0.54 to 0.41). These scores showed a high degree of heterogeneity. No significant difference was noted for medication usage (standardised mean difference -0.14, 95% confidence interval -0.43 to 0.15). Peak flow in the morning showed no significant difference between the experimental and the control groups (standardised mean difference -0.03, 95% confidence interval -0.25 to 0.19). REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Current chemical and physical methods aimed at reducing exposure to house dust mite allergens seem to be ineffective and cannot be recommended as prophylaxis for mite sensitive asthmatics.

Allergens↗
PubMed2000

[Investigation of the mite fauna content of dust samples collected from pig and poultry farms. Report of the first finding in Western Europe of the house-dust mite Dermatophagoides evansi in dust from poultry houses].

Mites can be important sources of airborne allergens, especially on farms. Two dust samples from pig farms and three dust samples from poultry farms were investigated for mites. House-dust mites were present in the poultry-dust samples, but not in the pig-dust samples. Furthermore, storage mites and predatory mites also were found in the poultry-dust samples. Specifically, the house-dust mite Dermatophagoides evansi was found in the dust samples from two poultry farms. Subsequently, a dust sample was collected from five other poultry farms. Again, D. evansi was present in dust from these farms. This is the first time that D. evansi is reported in dust from poultry farms in Western Europe outside Norway. If D. evansi cross-reacts with other Dermatophagoides spp., then poultry farmers and their families, but also other professionals working in the poultry industry, such as veterinarians, may be exposed to house-dust mites with potential clinical consequences, both domestic and occupational.

Allergens↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Allergens of domestic dust. III. Comparison of the cutaneous responses to an extract of total dust, to an extract of D. pteronyssinus and to an extract of dissacharinized dust].

A study of the coefficient of correlation has been made, based on cutaneous response and by intradermal means, between household dust from Barcelona diluted to a strength of 1/1,000 and an extract of D. Pteronyssinus and its medium of culture, diluted to a strength of 1/1,000,000. This study was effected to a group of thirty-three children with allergic asthma, sensitive to household dust, with a resultant value of r = 0.94 (p less than 0.001). In the same way, thirty-six children with the same characteristics, the correlations between the same extracts and an extract of dust without mites has been studied. Using Spiekma's technic, this dust was obtained through successive sifts gathered in a case under the inferior sifter. Of the mentioned dust, two equal fractions were made, one to confirm the absence of mites (Spiekma's technique) and the other to realize the extract, preparing the dilutions 1/1,000 and 1/1,000,000. With the dilution 1/1,000, the value is r = 1 (p less than 0.001) for the domestic dust and of r = 0.94 (p less than 0.001) for the D. Pteronyssinus. In sixteen of the above mentioned children, the study was repeated with the same extract, using the dilution of 1/1,000,000, and the values obtained were of r for household dust of 0.004 (p less than 0.55) and for D. Pteronyssinus of 0.016 (p less than 0.55). In twenty-one of these children, unmited dust and the extract of the way of cultivation (9 parts of human skin scales and 1 part of Sacharomyces) was compared, both diluted to 1/1,000. The value obtained was of r = 0.89 (p less than 0.001). Taking these results into consideration, it seems that D. Pteronyssinus is the most powerful allergene of dust, but the possible role of fecal pellets, product of mite excretion and of human skin scales should be considered as minor allergenes. The human skin scales emphasize their role in this case, and even though good correlation is obtained, we need to use concentrations a thousand times bigger than the D. Pteronyssinus. One can think of it being the same antigen, but the study made previously between uncultivated mites in human skin scales and these in concentrations of the same potence, has been of 0.31, which leads us to think that it is not the same antigene. Finally we consider that in some conditions, it is possible that other antigenes participate in the genesis of dust allergic (fecal pellets, human skin scales), but the antigenic power is very low.

Acari↗
PubMed1990

[Dust levels and dust-induced diseases in the main dust-producing industries].

The data on airborne dust and occupational disease in the main dust-related industries of the People's Republic of Bulgaria are generalized and analyzed for a period of 15 years. In the ore producing industry is established a stability in the concentration of total and respirable dust 1-2 TWA concentrations and decrease of silica content in dust. The highest occupational hazard is registered in diggers. The levels of TWA total and respirable dust and silica concentrations in the other underground mines as well as in the overground industries are strongly variable and high. Silicosis is still in the first place among dust-related diseases, but mainly among miners of advanced age. The newly detected other pneumoconiosis, asbestosis, mixed pneumoconiosis are already more than the cases of silicotuberculosis. An essential part is taken by the newly detected diffusive pneumosclerosis and dust bronchitis. The distribution of the newly detected occupational lung diseases is studied according to branches of industry.

Bulgaria↗
PubMed2001

Effect of nonadiabaticity of dust charge variation on dust acoustic waves: generation of dust acoustic shock waves.

The effect of nonadiabaticity of dust charge variation arising due to small nonzero values of tau(ch)/tau(d) has been studied where tau(ch) and tau(d) are the dust charging and dust hydrodynamical time scales on the nonlinear propagation of dust acoustic waves. Analytical investigation shows that the propagation of a small amplitude wave is governed by a Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) Burger equation. Notwithstanding the soliton decay, the "soliton mass" is conserved, but the dissipative term leads to the development of a noise tail. Nonadiabaticity generated dissipative effect causes the generation of a dust acoustic shock wave having oscillatory behavior on the downstream side. Numerical investigations reveal that the propagation of a large amplitude dust acoustic shock wave with dust density enhancement may occur only for Mach numbers lying between a minimum and a maximum value whose dependence on the dusty plasma parameters is presented.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1983

Dust-free bedrooms in the treatment of asthmatic children with house dust or house dust mite allergy: a controlled trial.

Twenty asthmatic children with prick tests positive for house dust or house dust mites were allocated to two groups that were matched for severity. One group was provided with zippered vinyl covers for pillows, mattresses, and box springs, and instructions for making the bedroom as easy to keep clean as a hospital ward; the other group was not. At the end of a 1-month study period, there was a marked and statistically significant difference in symptoms and signs of asthma between the two groups. Those with a dust-free bedroom had fewer days on which wheezing was observed, medication was given, or an abnormally low peak expiratory flow rate was recorded. Bronchial tolerance to aerosolized histamine significantly improved in the group whose bedrooms had been modified. A dust-free bedroom diminishes bronchial irritability and is a practical and effective method for decreasing asthma in children with house dust or house dust mite allergy.

Asthma↗
PubMed2003

Distribution of house dust mite allergen: comparing house dust mite allergen levels in dust samples collected from different sites on living room floors with smooth coverings.

BACKGROUND: The distribution of house dust mite allergen (Der p1) in living rooms with smooth floor coverings, as measured in the middle compared with the border of the floor was investigated. It was hypothesized that activity causes displacement of Der p1, from the middle towards the border. METHODS: Dust samples from the middle and border of 50 floors with smooth coverings were collected and analysed on Der p1 content in a standardized way. RESULTS: The Der p1 exposure expressed as per unit area (ng/m2) showed that border samples contained significantly more Der p1 compared with middle samples (median: 2.57 vs 0.27, respectively, P = 0.023). Presence of pets and presence of more than two inhabitants increased the difference. When expressed as per unit weight of dust (ng/g), significant differences were only detected when comparing Der p1 content of samples collected in households with three or more inhabitants [median: 2 (border) vs 53 (middle), respectively; P = 0.035]. CONCLUSIONS: The Der p1 is unequally distributed on living room floors with smooth coverings, most likely because of displacement of dust from the middle towards the border due to activity. Expression as ng/g of dust and ng/m2 could not obviously be interchangeable.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Dust from carpeted and smooth floors. V. Cat (Fel d I) and mite (Der p I and Der f I) allergen levels in school dust. Demonstration of the basophil histamine release induced by dust from classrooms.

Sixty dust samples from schools in Norway were analysed for major allergens from cat and mite after sampling with the regularly used vacuum cleaners for 5 days and with a new model vacuum cleaner for 10 days, respectively. The major feline allergen Felis domesticus allergen I (Fel d I) was detected in all the classrooms, with ranges from 12 to 16,840 ng/m2 floor area. The mean Fel d I concentration was about 11 times higher per unit area carpeted floors as compared with smooth floors after the 10 days sampling period. Mite allergens Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergen I (Der p I) and Dermatophagoides farinae allergen I (Der f I) were detected in very low concentrations, with ranges from < 1 ng to 104 ng/m2 floor area. These findings suggest that the school is a protective environment against mite infestation, while the prevalence of cat allergens in classrooms seems higher than previously assumed. Basophil histamine release was measured after provocation with 20 dust extracts from 10 different schools. In nine of the 10 schools examined, the basophil histamine release caused by challenge with carpet dust was higher than the corresponding release with smooth floor dust. The calculated floor areas in each school in which dust led to 15% histamine release were from 2 to 55 times larger for smooth floors compared with carpeted floors. These results emphasize previous findings regarding higher allergen concentrations in classrooms with carpeted floors.

Allergens↗
PubMed1989

[Dust lung or dust-induced lung disease ( discussion on chronic dust-induced lung disease)].

The comment on the article by D. M. Zislin (Occupational Hygiene and Industrial Diseases, 1988, N 10) is presented. Proceeding from the author's own experience and literary data, the main statement of D. M. Zislin disputing the concept of dust pulmonary disease (DPD) in the modern occupational pulmonology, is analyzed. The common cause of pneumoconiosis and dust bronchitis has been identified as fibrogenic dust, allergic, carcinogenic and toxic characteristics of which can be only condition affecting the disease clinical character. The article shows that neither generality, nor the differences in the functional changes of external respiration can serve as a convincing argument for or against the existence of the concept of DPD. Modern histomorphologic studies give evidence that low-fibrogenic dusts practically simultaneously cause the onset of the pathologic process both in the interstitial tissue and in the bronchi, the outcome of the process being diffuse pneumosclerosis. The concept of DPD caused by low-fibrogenic dusts has been substantiated on the basis of common etiology and similar pathogenetic, clinical and functional manifestations.

Bronchitis↗
PubMed2002

Airborne dust and allergen generation during dusting with and without spray polish.

BACKGROUND: Dusting is a commonly used method for dust removal from surfaces in the home. However, the process of dusting may contribute to airborne dust levels by disturbing dust particles from a surface and failing to remove it from the indoor environment. OBJECTIVE: We sought to measure the quantity of allergen-laden dust disturbed into the air during dusting and discover whether applying spray polish to either the dusty surface or the cleaning cloth reduced this amount. METHODS: A common furniture polish was tested for its ability to prevent dust particles and major house dust mite (Der p 1) or major cat (Fel d 1) allergen from becoming airborne during dusting. Tests were completed with a repeatable mechanized dusting procedure with polish sprayed onto either a cleaning cloth or directly onto a surface, and this was compared with a control procedure with a standard duster. Airborne dust was measured with an air-particle counter and by means of anti-Der p 1 or anti-Fel d 1 ELISA. RESULTS: Considerable quantities of dust became airborne during dusting. When polish was sprayed onto the cleaning cloth, the concentration of airborne dust particles was reduced by a mean of 83.4%, house dust mite allergen by 50.3%, and cat allergen by 57.4% when compared with dry-cloth controls. Spraying polish directly onto the surface was even more effective at reducing the generation of airborne particles (92.9%) and allergens (Der p 1 by > or =95% to below the sensitivity of the ELISA and Fel d 1 by 95%). All reductions were significant when compared with dry-cloth controls (P <.01, Mann-Whitney U test). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that application of a polish spray to either the surface or the cloth during dusting greatly reduced dust and allergen evolution into the air, which should reduce exposure to airborne allergens in the home.

Air↗
PubMed1997

The relation between subjective dust exposure estimates and quantitative dust exposure measurements in California agriculture.

Measuring exposure levels for epidemiologic research is time consuming and expensive and therefore subjective exposure estimates are sometimes used instead. In this study we related the subjective dust exposure estimates of workers in California agriculture to personal dust exposure measurements. One hundred and twenty-four observations were available for comparison of subjective dust estimates and inhalable dust measurements and 129 observations for comparison of subjective dust estimates and respirable dust measurements. Individual subjective dust estimates showed weak to moderate correlations with measured dust concentrations for both the inhalable (Rs = 0.67) and respirable dust fraction (Rs = 0.36). The within-worker reliability coefficients were low (0.2 and 0.1, respectively). Grouped subjective dust estimates performed better and showed a consistent increase with average measured dust levels, in particular for the inhalable dust fraction (R2 = 0.81). Age, the number of years working in agriculture, education level, the presence of any respiratory symptoms, and the language of the questionnaire did not have a significant independent effect on the relationship between measured dust levels and subjective dust estimates. California agricultural workers appear to be reasonably good at estimating inhalable dust levels, in particular if an average of many different workers is taken, but they are unable to provide good estimates of respirable dust levels. Measuring dust levels remains the preferred option.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1999

[Studies on appropriate methods for dust scrubbing from dust-laden gas in shaft kilns of small-sized cement plants].

OBJECTIVE: To study an appropriate method for dust scrubbing from dust-laden gas in the shaft kilns of small-sized cement plants. METHODS: Characteristics of dust-laden gas, including its temperature, dew point, dust concentration, diameters of dust particles and their distribution, as well as fractional dust collection efficiencies of the dust precipitator settling chamber, cyclone, impinging scrubber, impinging-spray scrubber, were measured according to the National Standards for Measurement of Particulate in Exhaust Gas Emitted from the Stationary Pollution Sources and Sampling Methods of Gaseous Pollutants (GB/T16157 - 1996), with a WY-1 In-stack 7-Stage Cascade Impactor for fractional dust collection. RESULTS: The fractional dust collection efficiency of the settling chamber for the particles greater than 12 microm was 72%, while that of the cyclone for the particles of 2 microm, 5 microm and 10 microm were 40.0%, 72.5% and 88.9%, respectively, and that of impinging scrubber was 55.0%, 91.0% and 98.9%, respectively; and that of impinging-spray scrubber were 96.0%, 99.2% and 99.6%, respectively. Results showed that 81% of the dust (by weight) from the shaft kilns were greater than 10 microm, so the settling chamber was effective for the removal of this fraction of dust. But dust particles behind the settling chamber were finer, and about 59% - 69% of them were less than 2 microm in diameters. In that case, the cyclone, impinging scrubber and impinging-spray scrubber could give an overall collection efficiency of 54%, 57% and 96%, respectively. Based on this, the following combination of dust collectors were adopted to meet the national standards for exhaust emission: a settling chamber plus an electrostatic precipitator, a settling chamber plus an impinging-spray scrubber and a settling chamber plus an impinging scrubber. The cement plants could select appropriate dust collectors according to their technical and economical conditions. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of the studies, appropriate dust collectors used to treat dust-laden gas from shaft kilns to meet the national standards for exhaust emission were recommended.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1986

Dust exposure, dust recovered from the lung, and associated pathology in a group of British coalminers.

The relation between dust exposure, retained lung dust, and pneumoconiosis have been examined in 430 dead coalminers who had participated in a large scale epidemiological survey of respiratory health. The men were divided into three groups depending on the presence of particular lesions in their lungs. Lungs containing no fibrotic lesions in excess of 1 mm were included in the "M" group, those with fibrotic lesions of between 1 mm and 9 mm in diameter were included in the "F" group, and those with any lesion 10 mm or more were categorised as having progressive massive fibrosis (PMF). The men were further divided into four groups according to the rank of coal mined at the colliery of employment. The mean weight of lung dust increased over the pathological range (M----F----PMF) regardless of the rank of coal mined. The men with PMF had not received unusually high exposures to dust in life but were found to have accumulated more dust in their lungs per unit of dust exposure than men without PMF, providing further evidence for differences in the patterns of deposition or clearance, or both, of dust in these men compared with those who do not develop PMF. For men who had mined the higher rank coals there was no difference in the composition of the lung dust between the pathological groups. Lungs from men mining low rank coal, however, showed a striking increase in the proportion of ash over the pathological groups (M, F, and PMF). In men who had mined low rank coal the proportion of ash in the airborne dust to which they had been exposed and in the dust retained in their lungs was, as expected, greater than in men who had worked with higher rank coals. For the same men, and particularly associated with the presence of some dust related fibrosis, the proportion of ash in retained dust was higher than that in the dust to which the men were exposed suggesting the occurrence of selective deposition or retention of the mineral components of dust in this group.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Relationship between dust mite allergen and human IgA in house dust samples.

Previous investigators have mentioned that human IgA is found in house dust. IgA has also been reported to be present on human skin and hence in human dander. If human dander is the primary source of food for house dust mites, a relationship would be expected between IgA and dust mite allergen (Der f I) concentrations. We wished to learn whether IgA was consistently detectable in house dust and whether IgA and dust mite allergen concentrations were related. Dust samples were collected from the bedrooms of infants enrolled in a prospective study designed to evaluate the relationship between early allergen exposure and childhood allergic disease. One hundred eighty samples were studied: 50 samples were the initial samples collected from the first 50 infants enrolled, 120 samples were monthly samples obtained from 10 other homes, and 10 additional samples were randomly selected for extraction in a nonprotein containing buffer to determine the percentage of total extractable dust protein contributed by IgA. Finally, nine commercial house dust extracts were studied to learn whether they were similar to the dust samples from study houses. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to measure human IgA, human secretory IgA (sIgA) and Der f I concentrations in all of the dust extracts. We found that IgA was consistently present in house dust samples ranging from 3.2 to 2,396 micrograms of IgA per gram of dust. A strong correlation (r = .90) was found between IgA and sIgA concentrations. IgA constituted 0.27% to 6.04% of the total protein in dust samples.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Air Pollution↗
PubMed1986

Carbohydrate and protein contents of grain dusts in relation to dust morphology.

Grain dusts contain a variety of materials which are potentially hazardous to the health of workers in the grain industry. Because the characterization of grain dusts is incomplete, we are defining the botanical, chemical, and microbial contents of several grain dusts collected from grain elevators in the Duluth-Superior regions of the U.S. Here, we report certain of the carbohydrate and protein contents of dusts in relation to dust morphology. Examination of the gross morphologies of the dusts revealed that, except for corn, each dust contained either husk or pericarp (seed coat in the case of flax) fragments in addition to respirable particles. When viewed with the light microscope, the fragments appeared as elongated, pointed structures. The possibility that certain of the fragments within corn, settled, and spring wheat were derived from cell walls was suggested by the detection of pentoses following colorimetric assay of neutralized 2 N trifluoroacetic acid hydrolyzates of these dusts. The presence of pentoses together with the occurrence of proteins within water washings of grain dusts suggests that glycoproteins may be present within the dusts. With scanning electron microscopy, each dust was found to consist of a distinct assortment of particles in addition to respirable particles. Small husk fragments and "trichome-like" objects were common to all but corn dust.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1991

[Does the average dust concentration modify the critical dust dose leading to silicosis?].

This article is based on the established fact that there is a relationship between the probability of the occurrence of silicosis and the inhaled amount of dust, the latter being represented by the concept of "dust dose" which is a product of dust concentration multiplied by the period of exposure. On investigating the "dust dose" values in 179 former coal miners in the East German town of Zwickau, however, we found that the "dust dose" principle does not apply to low to medium dust concentrations. We can now outline our idea of the origin and development of silicosis as follows: Below an initial threshold value of the "dust dose" it is improbable that silicosis will develop. Beyond that value, i.e. at medium dust concentrations, the time that elapses between the beginning of exposure and the onset of the disease is constant, namely, 20 years. However, the "dust dose" values that trigger the disease vary greatly. For dust concentrations beyond a second threshold value matters are as originally expected: the dust dose being constant, the disease will set in the earlier, the higher the dust concentration. To visualize these effects, a smoothing mathematical evaluation method was combined with a variant of the t test.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Reducing dust, lead, dust mites, bacteria, and fungi in carpets by vacuuming

Old carpets may be reservoirs of dust, lead (Pb), and dust mite allergen. The purpose of this study was to determine if the dust, Pb, dust mite allergen, bacteria, and fungi on the surface of carpets could be reduced by 90% in 1 week with the use of a Hoover Self Propelled Vacuum with Embedded Dirt Finder (HSPF). A high-volume surface sampler (HVS3) was used to measure surface dust and pollutants before and after the use of the HSPF to remove deep dust in carpets 12 to 20 years old in nine middle-class homes and two small offices. The minimum, median, and maximum surface loading for the first and final samples are as follows: first fine dust loading: min 0.32 g/m2, max 14.4 g/m2, median 1.30 g/m2; final fine dust loading: min 0.019 g/m2, max 0.289 g/m2, median 0.102 g/m2; first Pb loading: min 38 &mgr;g/m2, max 3,871 &mgr;g/m2, median 471 &mgr;g/m2; final Pb loading: min 13 &mgr;g/m2, max 2,023 &mgr;g/m2, median 86 &mgr;g/m2; first mite loading: min 0.11 &mgr;g/m2, max 12. 88 &mgr;g/m2, median 2.82 &mgr;g/m2; final mite loading: min 0.06 &mgr;g/m2, max 3.67 &mgr;g/m2, median 0.28 &mgr;g/m2. Data were insufficient to determine if the loadings of bacteria and fungi were reduced a similar amount. Six to 45 min/m2 of vacuuming with the HSPF removed deep dust from these carpets. The median surface loadings of fine dust, Pb, and dust mite allergen in these 11 carpets were reduced by 91, 82, and 94%, respectively, in 1 to 15 h of vacuuming. The loading of the deep dust collected with the HSPF ranged from 8 to 171 g/m2 with a median of 66 g/m2.

Journal Article↗