State of the art medicine outsmarted by octogenarian thumb or to dance or not to dance.
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This experiment was concerned with determining the energy cost of two popular Western square dancing routines: the "Mish-Mash," which is a relatively fast-moving dance with quick movements, and the "Singing" dance, which is a slower and more deliberate type of dance. The subjects were four middle-aged couples, veteran members of a local square dancing club. Sitting and standing pulmonary ventilations were determined through the use of the Tissot gasometer. Kofrańyi-Michaelis respirometers were employed for the dance routine ventilations. These apparatus were fitted with a Monoghan neoprene cushion plastic mask. Gas samples were collected in polyethylene metallized bags and analyzed for O2 and CO2 content. The net energy cost for the two dances was appropriately summarized. The results indicated that for the males the net average energy cost of the "Mish-Mash" dance was 0.085 and 0.077 kcal/min per kg for the "Singing" dance. For the females, the cost was 0.088 and 0.084 kcal/min per kg, respectively. A net average cost of these two dances yielded a caloric expenditure of 5.7 kcal/min for a 70-kg male and 5.2 kcal/min for a 60-kg female. It was indicated that during the course of a typical square dance evening, a 70-kg man would expend some 425 kcal. while a 60-kg female would burn some 390 kcal. The energy cost of the dances studied were determined to be within the permissible work load of a functional class 1 patient with diseases of the heart as determined by the American Heart Association.
Aerobic dance has been reported to result in a disproportionately higher heart rate than running at a similar percent of VO2max. It has been suggested that the extensive use of the arms overhead during aerobic dance results in an increase in sympathetic outflow thereby disproportionately increasing the heart rate. To compare the hemodynamic and sympathetic nervous system activity responses during aerobic dance and treadmill running, nine healthy females exercised at approximately 50% of their VO2max during each of the following three exercise trials: aerobic dance where the arms were used extensively overhead (ABOVE), aerobic dance where the arms were kept below the shoulders (BELOW), and treadmill running (TR). Mean heart rate values during the ABOVE, BELOW, and TR trials were 136 beats.min-1 for all three trials. Mean VO2 values during the ABOVE, BELOW, and TR trials were 1.48, 1.51, and 1.47 l.min-1, respectively, and were not significantly different. Mean cardiac output for the ABOVE, BELOW, and TR trials were 13.5, 14.0, and 13.0 1. min-1, respectively, and were not significantly different. Postexercise blood lactate and norepinephrine values were not significantly different among the three trials. These results suggest a similar relationship between heart rate and VO2 during low intensity aerobic dance and running and do not support the contention that the use of the arms overhead during aerobic dance exercise elicits a disproportionately greater increase in heart rate as compared with running. Additionally these results demonstrate similar cardiovascular and sympathetic nervous system responses between aerobic dance exercise and running.
Aerobic dance has recently become popular in all age groups, but the injuries among full-time and part-time aerobic dance instructors have rarely been pointed out in Japan. In this study the subjective symptoms of 63 female instructors in Gifu area were evaluated through health questionnaire. As a control group, 94 female students of the same age group were also included to compare the prevalence of subjective symptoms. Multiple logistic regression analysis was applied to observe the relation between instructors' symptoms and working conditions. The following results were obtained: 1) Complaints of leg and foot pain and laryngeal discomfort were significantly greater in instructors than in students even after adjusting for age and participation in other sports. 2) A significant positive relation was found in instructors between the frequency of dance lessons (times/wk) and various symptoms (calf pain, foot pain, sore throat, and hoarse voice) after adjusting for age and participation in other sports. These results suggest that leg and foot pain and laryngeal discomfort are characteristic symptoms of aerobic dance instructors. Consideration should be made to adjust the frequency of dance lessons in order to reduce these symptoms.
Dance shows promise as an efficient, effective, and exhilarating physical therapy modality, with inherent sources of motivation for long-term neurological and orthopedic patients in a hospital or community setting. Four years' experience in adapting dance to the purpose of therapy in a group setting is described. The dance program developed combines the theories and techniques of physical therapy with the expressive, creative, and intellectual challenge of dance using music and other artistic motivating stimuli. Several dimensions of the modality are discussed and positive results are noted, through concrete illustrations.
For several years after dance therapy was introduced at Yale Psychiatric Institute in 1967, patients perceived it as an activity totally separate from their treatment program. The author describes changes in hospital procedure and in the structure of the dance groups that helped alter that perception. They include involving the patient's treatment team in the selection of activities; establishing groups in which membership is fairly constant, thus increasing the likelihood of interpersonal interaction; and setting aside ten or 15 minutes at the end of each dance session for discussion of the feelings evoked. The author says the changes have clarified values and goals within the dance therapy groups.
In order to compare the physiological effects of an 8 week aerobic dance program to those of a walk-jog exercise training program, 60 male and female University employees ages 24-48 years were randomly assigned to an aerobic dance program (N = 22), a walk-jog program (N = 24), or a sedentary control group (N = 15). Subjects who had an exercise compliance rate less than or equal to 85% were dropped from the study, as were control subjects who had scheduling conflicts or illnesses precluding post-treatment testing. Thirty-five subjects completed the 8 week period with a compliance rate greater than or equal to 85%, leaving 14 in the aerobics group, 11 in the walk-jog group and 10 in the control group. Significant increases (p less than 0.001) in maximal oxygen uptake occurred in both the aerobics (+3.9 ml/kg-1/min-1) and walk-jog group (+3.4 ml/kg-1/min-1), while no significant change was observed in the control group. Peak heart rate decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) in the aerobics (-4 b/min-1) and walk-jog groups (-3 b/min-1 but was unchanged in the control group (-1 b/min-1) following the treatment period. Body weight, peak respiratory exchange ratio and peak minute ventilation remained the same in the aerobics, walk-jog and control groups throughout the treatment period. It is concluded that aerobic dance programs can result in similar improvements in aerobic power as a walk-jog program. Thus, an aerobic dance program is an effective alternative to a traditional walk-jog training regime.
33 subjects provided measures on extent of dance training, dance performance, locus of control orientation, and three measures of body cathexis. Pearson product-moment correlations yielded significant, though modest, positive relations between three measures of body cathexis and performance, and between time dancing and the Levenson Internal scale; and a negative relation between body cathexis and the Levenson Chance scale.
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption (VO2) for aerobic dance exercise. Therefore, eleven females completed 20 minutes of aerobic dance with continuous monitoring of HR and VO2. These physiological responses were analyzed with correlation/regression techniques. The results showed that for aerobic dance to produce a response in excess of 50% of VO2 max, the target HR must be approximately 80% of the age-predicted HR max or greater. In contrast, previously reported data for treadmill running shows that 50% of VO2 max is achieved at approximately 65% of age-predicted HR max in females. The maximum heart rate reserve (Karvonen) method was also found to underestimate the actual VO2 of AD. With the Karvonen method, the target heart rate must approximate 65% of maximum HR reserve in order to elicit a VO2 response which is representative of 50% of VO2 max. These data support recent research which illustrates that target heart rate prescriptions derived from treadmill testing may fail to accurately place AD participants in the recommended training zone.
There is still a lack of information on the effect of regular dancing exercise on lipid profiles. On the other hand, many studies have been carried out on the effect of aerobic exercise on lipid profiles. This study tried to find out the effects of Modern Balinese Baris Dancing Exercise (MBBDE) on serum lipid profiles. Subjects of the study were 30 healthy young male Balinese as an experimental group, and another 30 healthy young Balinese as control group. The MBBDE involved exercise intensity at 70-80% of targeted heart rate, for 50 min period, 3 times per week for 8 weeks. Pre- and post-control group design was applied. Total cholesterol and triglyceride were measured enzymatically. Following MBBDE 3 x 50 min/week for 8 weeks duration, serum level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration increased significantly from 55.3 +/- 2.32 mg/dl to 63.2 +/- 2.82 mg/dl (p < 0.001). It was also associated with the decrease of total cholesterol concentration from 195.5 +/- 21.10 mg/dl to 161.8 +/- 21.29 mg/dl (p < 0.001); triglyceride concentration from 132.2 +/- 9.65 mg/dl to 110.6 +/- 9.08 mg/dl (p < 0.001); and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration from 113.8 +/- 21.68 mg/dl to 76.9 +/- 20.76 mg/dl (p < 0.001). No significant differences were found in the above parameters in the control group. It is concluded that MBBDE is an aerobic, endurance exercise, and therefore produces beneficial effect on the serum lipid profiles.
The case of a two year-old boy is described with dancing eyes syndrome (DES) together with ganglioneuroblastoma. Surgical removal of the tumour and ACTH therapy resulted in rapid improvement, and an almost symptome-free condition. The literature is reviewed. Need of vigorous search for an occult neuroblastoma in DES is pointed out, since the early diagnosis and tumour's surgery can significantly improve the outcome.
We describe 7 children with myoclonic encephalopathy of infants (MEI). MEI is a clinical entity characterized by an acute or subacute onset of polymyoclonia, cerebellar ataxia and opsoclonus ("dancing eyes"). It occurs either spontaneously, following an infectiuos illness or in association with an occult neuroblastoma. It is likely that immunological factors play a role in the pathogenesis. Steroid therapy resulted in rapid dramatic improvement of the neurological symptoms in 4 cases. However, this initial response did not correlate with the eventual outcome. We reviewed the literature to compare 45 reported cases of MEI associated with a neuroblastoma with 48 children without such a tumor to identify possible differences in clinical presentation, response to steroid medication and long-term prognosis of the neurological syndrome. In this respect we found no differences. Impairment of motor, verbal or intellectual performance were reported in at least half the cases. Although an immediate and marked response to steroids occurs in many cases of both groups, it remains unclear whether the long-term outcome is favourably influenced by this medication. The two-year-survival rate (90%) in the neuroblastoma group and the percentage of mediastinal localisation of the tumor (49%) are much higher compared with neuroblastomas without MEI. The reasons for these remarkable differences are not known. Diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic implications justify the separation of MEI from the more common and benign syndrome known as acute cerebellar ataxia of childhood.
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