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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Preparation of yuanhuacine and relative daphne diterpene esters from Daphne genkwa and structure-activity relationship of potent inhibitory activity against DNA topoisomerase I.

Two new daphne diterpene esters Yuanhuajine (2) and Yuanhuagine (4), together with three known daphne diterpene esters yuanhuacine (1), yuanhuadine (3), and yuanhuapine (5), were isolated and identified from Daphne genkwa, a traditional Chinese medicine. Their structures were elucidated by a combination of UV, IR, MS and NMR ((1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, HSQC, and HMBC) spectra. In order to explore the structure-activity relationship, three compounds 6, 7, and 8 were prepared as three derivatives of 1. Inhibitory activities against DNA topoisomerase I (topo I) were assessed for the compounds 1-8. These compounds, except for 8, exhibited potent inhibitory activities against DNA topo I at IC(50) levels of 11.1-53.4 microM and they are new type of topo I inhibitors bearing different structures compared with the known topo I inhibitors. The agarose-gel electrophoresis experiments showed that the orthoester group of daphne diterpene esters was necessary for the inhibitory activity against DNA topo I, and the inhibition against DNA topo I is probably one of the anti-tumor mechanisms of daphne diterpene esters.

Daphne↗
PubMed2005

Daphne mosaic virus (DapMV), a new potyvirus from Daphne mezereum in the Czech Republic.

Daphne shrubs with light green rings and mosaic on leaves contained flexuous filamentous virions (696 x 13 nm) and cylindrical inclusions typical of the subdivision III of Edwardson's classification for inclusions induced by members of the family Potyviridae. Decoration tests using antisera to 67 potyviruses revealed distant serological relations among chilli veinal mottle virus, Colombian datura virus, papaya ringspot virus, tobacco vein mottling virus and yam mosaic virus. The 3' terminal region of the virus genome was amplified by RT-PCR using primers specific for cloned and sequenced members of the family Potyviridae. The most similar sequences in the GenBank were those of isolates of wild potato mosaic virus (WPMV) and yam mild mosaic virus (YMMV), originating from Peru and Guadeloupe, respectively. The new sequence had 63.2% and 61.9% nucleotide identity to WPMV and YMMV in the coat protein gene. The results suggest that the Czech isolate from daphne should be regarded as a new member of the genus Potyvirus. The name daphne mosaic virus (DapMV) is suggested for this virus.

Capsid Proteins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Microencapsulation and testing of the agricultural animal repellent, Daphne.

The microencapsulated animal repellent Daphne was prepared by in situ polymerization of melamine-formaldehyde prepolymer with styrene-maleic acid anhydride copolymer as a modifying agent. Pure Daphne (a mixture of essential oils and other volatile compounds) and Daphne (45 wt%) diluted with isopropylmyristate (55 wt%) were used as core materials. Three types of formulations were prepared: (1) aqueous suspension concentrates, to be diluted for spraying, (2) thickened pastes with microcapsules for coating tree bark, and (3) textile, paper and metal strips, coated or impregnated with microcapsules. In field testing, all formulations with microcapsules showed a prolonged effect in comparison with non-encapsulated Daphne. The repelling effect on animals was stronger in summer and weaker in winter, when the pressure of the animals was much more intense, and diffusion of repellent from the microcapsules was reduced due to low temperatures. However, pastes for the bark and non-woven textile strips impregnated with microencapsulated Daphne showed good repelling effect against deer and rabbits in the winter period.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2026

Neoadjuvant Paclitaxel, Trastuzumab, and Pertuzumab for Stage II to III, ERBB2-Positive Breast Cancer: A Secondary Analysis of the DAPHNe Trial.

IMPORTANCE: The neoadjuvant combination of paclitaxel, trastuzumab, and pertuzumab (THP) represents a promising abbreviated regimen for early-stage ERBB2-positive breast cancer, but long-term outcomes and the role of ultrasensitive circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) monitoring remain incompletely defined. OBJECTIVE: To assess 5-year outcomes and characterize ctDNA dynamics with an ultrasensitive assay in patients with ERBB2-positive breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant THP. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This study was a prespecified secondary analysis of the prospective, single-arm, investigator-initiated phase 2 DAPHNe nonrandomized clinical trial. Patients were enrolled in the DAPHNe trial from November 2018 to January 2020. The trial took place at a multicenter academic cancer center and affiliated community practices. Participants included patients with stage II to III ERBB2-positive breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant THP for 12 weeks. Ultrasensitive ctDNA analyses were performed in patients with available tumor tissue and serial plasma samples. The secondary analysis was conducted between between March 2023 and April 2025. INTERVENTIONS: Neoadjuvant THP administered for 12 weeks, followed by surgery and adjuvant therapy guided by pathologic response. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Main outcomes included 5-year event-free survival, recurrence-free interval (RFI), distant RFI, and overall survival. ctDNA detection and clearance were assessed using a whole-genome-based, tumor-informed ultrasensitive assay at 4 predefined time points (baseline, preoperative, postoperative, and late adjuvant). RESULTS: The overall trial cohort included 98 patients (median [IQR] age, 49.5 years [24.0-78.0 years]; 97 female patients [99.0%]; 1 male patient [1.0%]), with mostly stage 2 disease (91 patients [92.9%]) and hormone receptor-positive tumors (65 patients [66.3%]). With a median (IQR) follow-up of 5.2 (5.0-5.4) years, the 5-year event-free survival was 99% (95% CI, 97%-100%), the 5-year RFI was 98% (95% CI, 93%-100%), the 5-year distant RFI was 100% (95% CI, 100%-100%), and the 5-year overall survival was 99% (95% CI, 97%-100%). Among 57 patients included in ctDNA analyses, baseline ctDNA was detected in 51 individuals (89.5%). After neoadjuvant therapy, ctDNA clearance occurred in 49 of 51 patients (96.1%), with only 2 individuals (3.9%) remaining ctDNA-positive preoperatively; detectability remained low (<10%) during postoperative follow-up. One single patient experienced a local recurrence, with ctDNA detected at time of recurrence and cleared following surgical resection. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this secondary analysis of the DAPHNe nonrandomized clinical trial, neoadjuvant THP was associated with excellent long-term outcomes in patients with early-stage ERBB2-positive breast cancer. Ultrasensitive ctDNA analyses demonstrated high baseline detection rates and near-universal clearance after abbreviated neoadjuvant therapy, supporting further investigation of ctDNA-guided de-escalation strategies in this setting. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03716180.

Humans↗
PubMed2006

Two families of non-LTR retrotransposons, Syrinx and Daphne, from the Darwinulid ostracod, Darwinula stevensoni.

Two novel families of non-LTR retrotransposons, named Syrinx and Daphne, were cloned and characterized in a putative ancient asexual ostracod Darwinula stevensoni. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that Daphne is the founding member of a novel clade of non-LTR retroelements, which also contains retrotransposon families from the sea urchin and the silkworm and forms a sister clade to L2-like elements. The Syrinx family of non-LTR retrotransposons exhibits evidence of relatively recent activity, manifested in high levels of sequence similarity between individual copies and a three- to ten-fold excess of synonymous substitutions, which is indicative of purifying selection. The Daphne family may have very few copies with intact open reading frames, and exhibits neutral within-family ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous substitutions. It can additionally be characterized by formation of inverted truncated head-to-head structures. All of these features make recent activity less likely than in the Syrinx family. Our results are discussed in light of the evolutionary consequences of long-term asexuality in general and in D. stevensoni in particular.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

[Effect of yellow daphne on levels of plasma and decidual estradiol, prostaglandins, progesterone and its receptor in early pregnancy].

The changes of plasma concentration of estradiol (E2), progesterone (P) and prostaglandins (PG) and decidual level of prostaglandins and progesterone receptor (PR) after injection of Yellow Daphne for induction of abortion were observed. The results showed that the treatment with Yellow Daphne could induce degeneration and necrosis of decidual tissues as well as increase of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha concentration with lowering of PR level in the tissue. On the other hand, plasma level of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha remained unchanged and the levels of E2 and P declined. The data suggested that the contragestive mechanism of Yellow Daphne was mainly the involvement of decidual degeneration and the release of PG thus interfered the intrauterine environment for maintenance of pregnancy which subsequently led to abortion.

Decidua↗
PubMed2003

Characterization of the 3'-terminal nucleotide sequence of two Korean isolates of Daphne virus S support its placement as a distinct species of the genus Carlavirus.

This study determined the 3'-terminal nucleotide sequences of two Korean isolates of Daphne virus S (DVS), a tentative member of the genus Carlavirus, causing leaf distortion and chlorotic spot disease symptoms in daphne plants. The 3'-terminal 1,465 nucleotide sequences of the two isolates contained two open reading frames coding for proteins of 36 kDa viral coat protein (CP) and 12 kDa from the 5'-3' end, which is a typical genome structure of the 3'-terminal region of carlaviruses. Both DVS isolates were 98.1% and 93.6% amino acid identical in the CP and 12 kDa, respectively. The CP gene of DVS shares 25.2-55.2% and 42.9-56.1% similarities with that of 19 other carlaviruses at the amino acid and nucleotide levels, respectively. The 3'-proximal 12 kDa gene of DVS shares 20.2-57.8% amino acid identities with that of 18 other members of the genus. The 3' noncoding region of DVS consists of 73 nucleotides with long excluding poly A tract, and shares 69.1-77.1% identities to the known carlaviruses. In the phylogenetic analyses of the two proteins, DVS was closely related to Helenium virus S and Chrysanthemum virus B. This is the first sequence information for the DVS, and further confirms the classification of DVS as a distinct member of the genus Carlavirus.

3' Untranslated Regions↗
PubMed2005

Genome structure and complete sequence of genomic RNA of Daphne virus S.

The complete genomic nucleotide sequence and structure of Daphne virus S (DVS), a daphne-infecting member of the genus Carlavirus, were determined. The genome of DVS was 8,739 nucleotides long, excluding the poly (A) tails. The genome of DVS contained six open reading frames coding for proteins of Mr 227 kDa (viral replicase), 25 kDa, 11 kDa and 7 kDa (triple gene block TGB) proteins 1, 2 and 3), 35 kDa (coat protein; CP), and 12 kDa from the 5' to 3' ends; respectively. This is the typical genome structure of members of the genus Carlavirus. Overall amino acid sequence similarities for the six ORFs of DVS were from 58.5% to 13.2% to those of the other carlaviruses. The 227 kDa replicase of DVS shared 45.5-39.2% amino acid similarities to that of 8 other known carlaviruses. Results from phylogenetic analyses of viral replicases and CPs demonstrated that DVS is a close relative of Helenium virus S and Chrysanthemum virus B. A total of 13 isolates of DVS shared 100-95.9% identities for the amino acid level and 99.5-81.0% identities for the nucleotide level. This is the first report of the complete genome sequence and structure of DVS and supports the conclusion that DVS is a typical species of the genus Carlavirus.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1997

[Quality of processed samples of Daphne genkwa Sieb. et Zucc].

Content determination has been made for the genkwanin, yuanhuacine, agueous and ethanolic extracts, total ash and acid-insoluble ash in thirteen samples of Daphne genkwa (processed by the authors, processed in pilot plant and marketed in seven regions), as well as for the acetic acid in thirteen vinegar-processed samples of Daphne genkwa. Studies have also been conducted on the characteristics, microscopic and physico-chemical identification of the herb, so as to provide objective, scientific criteria for quality control of the herb in small slices for medical use.

Acetic Acid↗
PubMed2005

HPLC-PDA characterisation of Daphne gnidium L. (Thymemeacea) dyeing extracts using two different C-18 stationary phases.

Raw aqueous extracts and acid-hydrolysed extracts from leaves and stems of Daphne gnidium L. were investigated by HPLC-PDA under two different separation conditions. This approach provides improved characterisation of natural compounds, especially those with similar structures, thanks to better resolution of critical pairs which can be difficult to separate by modification of gradient parameters only. In the leaf extracts, the presence of luteolin-3',7-di-O-glucoside was found according to the results obtained for a standard sample. This compound is reported for the first time in this species. The presence of some other, previously reported flavonoids is confirmed. The stem extract is rich in coumarins and seems not to contain any significant amounts of flavonoids. Further investigation of hydrolysed extracts is a useful additional step in the indirect identification of flavonoid and coumarin glycosides.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed2006

Isolation of flavonoids, a biscoumarin and an amide from the flower buds of Daphne genkwa and the evaluation of their anti-complement activity.

As part of an ongoing study aimed at identifying the anti-complement active compound from the flower buds of Daphne genkwa, ten flavonoids, one biscoumarin and one amide were isolated. Their structures were identified from spectroscopic and physicochemical data as genkwanin 5-O-beta-d-primveroside (1), apigenin 7-O-beta-d-glucuronide (2), genkwanin 5-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside (3), apigenin 5-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside (4), genkwanin (5), apigenin (6), luteolin 7-methyl ether (7), luteolin (8), daphnoretin (9), velutin (10), 7-methoxyacacetin (11) and aurantiamide acetate (12). Among them, compounds 9, 10 and 12 were isolated from this plant for the first time. The anti-complement activity of these compounds was tested against the classical pathway of the complement system. Among the compounds, daphnoretin (9) exhibited significant anti-complement activity with an IC(50) value of 11.4 microm, whereas the other compounds were not active in the assay.

Amides↗
PubMed2005

Gender dimorphism and altitudinal variation of secondary compounds in leaves of the gynodioecious shrub Daphne laureola.

In this article, we analyzed the concentration of coumarins in leaves of female and hermaphrodite individuals of the gynodioecious shrub Daphne laureola, along an elevational gradient in southern Spain. Combining HPLC and NMR techniques, we identified three different glycosides of 7-methoxycoumarin in leaves of this species. Total coumarin concentration averaged between 60 and 120 mg/g dry weight for mature summer leaves of D. laureola growing at six different populations. As predicted by optimal theory, females tended to have a higher concentration of coumarins than hermaphrodites, thus upholding the idea that male reproductive function is costly for hermaphrodites. Furthermore, concentrations in females but not hermaphrodites were positively correlated with increasing population altitude, and the magnitude of gender divergence in coumarin concentration varied among populations, suggesting that the cost of the male function may be context dependent. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of gender differences in chemical defenses of a gynodioecious species in the field.

Altitude↗
PubMed2005

Novel diterpenoids with potent inhibitory activity against endothelium cell HMEC and cytotoxic activities from a well-known TCM plant Daphne genkwa.

Twelve highly oxygenated novel daphnane-type diterpenoids genkwanines A-L (1-12), together with four known diterpenes (13-16), were isolated from the bud of Daphne genkwa, a well-known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The new structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral methods, especially 2D NMR spectra (HMQC, HMBC, NOESY). Inhibitory activity against endothelium cell HMEC proliferation and cytotoxic activities against two tumor cell lines were assessed for all the compounds 1-16, and found to be significant and structure related. A number of compounds showed very potent cytotoxic activities against two tumor cell lines at the IC50 levels of 0.15-8.40 microM, and most interestingly, five of the compounds 4, 8, 10, 13, and 14 exhibited strong activity to inhibit the endothelium cell HMEC at the IC50 levels of 2.90-15.0 microM.

Cell Line↗
PubMed2006

Total flavonoids of Daphne genkwa root significantly inhibit the growth and metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma in C57BL6 mice.

Daphne genkwa root has been traditionally used as an effective remedy to treat various tumors. However, the active constituents for its antitumor potency have not been well documented. During the screening for antitumor constituents, it was found that the total flavonoids of D. genkwa root (TFDR) were responsible for the inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis. In this study, TFDR was investigated for its chemical composition and activities against tumor growth and metastasis. HPLC indicates that daphnodorin B, containing 42.79% of the total, represents the predominant constituent in TFDR. Treatment of LLC-bearing mice with TFDR evidently protected peripheral lymphocytes from tumor-induced reduction, and increased lymphocyte proliferation potential and cytolytic activity of NK, and inhibited tumor progression and metastasis either 7 days before, or simultaneous with, or 7 days after LLC transplantation. TFDR also suggested higher cytotoxicity to a number of tumor cell lines than that to normal human kidney cell K293. TFDR also induced an enhancement on peripheral release of TNF-alpha at doses between 25 and 75 mg/kg. These results indicated that TFDR inhibited tumor growth and metastasis by protecting host immunocyte viability and its proliferation potential, and selectively inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, and improving cytolytic activity of NK cells, and enhancing TNF release in LLC-bearing mice. Daphnodorin B and its analogues in TFDR are the active constituents in the roots of D. genkwa, contributing to the inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Antitumor activity of daphnodorins from Daphne genkwa roots.

Daphne genkwa root has been traditionally used as an effective remedy to treat various tumors. However, the active constituents for its antitumor potency have not been well documented. During the screening for antitumor constituents, it was found that daphnodorins were responsible for the inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis. In this study, six daphnodorins including daphnodorins B (1), G (2), H (3), H-3''-methylether (4), H-3-methylether (5) and G-3''-methylether (6) were investigated for the protection against LLC-induced reduction of lymphoid organs and peripheral lymphocytes, and for the activities against tumor growth and metastasis. The six daphnodorins showed selective cytotoxicity to a number of tumor cell lines. Treatment of LLC-bearing mice with daphnodorin B and/or daphnodorin complex evidently protected peripheral lymphocytes from tumor-induced reduction, increased lymphocyte proliferation potential and inhibited tumor progression and metastasis at doses of 40 and 80 mg/kg. These results indicated that daphnodorin B or daphnodorin complex inhibited tumor growth and metastasis by protecting host immunocyte viability and proliferation potential, and selectively inhibiting tumor cell proliferation.

Animals↗