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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Individual cigarette usage: self-reported data as a function of respondent-reported data.

The interview method was used to collect data from living respondent-subject pairs regarding cigarette usage of the subject; the nonsmoker subject was explicitly not studied. Several different measures of usage were tested. The mean correlation coefficient between subject-reported data and the corresponding respondent-reported data was 0.86; that is, at least 70% of the variability in subject-reported data can be accounted for from information obtained from an appropriate living respondent closely associated with the subject. Selected regression equations are presented for estimating cigarette usage of a subject from data provided by a respondent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Ulcerogenicity of piroxicam: an analysis of spontaneously reported data.

Previous reports have suggested that piroxicam may be more ulcerogenic than other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in use. Critics have attributed this putative relation to flawed comparisons of spontaneously reported data. In this study cases of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, perforation, and ulcer reported to the Food and Drug Administration's spontaneous reporting system over 12 years were examined. Reporting rates for eight NSAIDs were compared over identical periods of their marketing life cycles. After adjustments were made for the heterogeneity in the underlying reporting rates the difference in rates between piroxicam and the other drugs was considerably reduced but piroxicam retained its top ranking among the drugs; however, large and clinically important differences in the frequency of cases of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, perforation, and ulcer between piroxicam and the rest of the NSAIDs compared probably do not exist.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMed1993

Concordance of self-reported data and medical record audit for six cancer screening procedures.

BACKGROUND: Self-reported data about the interval since last cancer screening are often used to determine whether individuals are due for periodic screening and to monitor adherence to guidelines for early cancer detection. PURPOSE: In a study conducted within the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, we examined the concordance of self-reported information and medical record documentation about recency of and reasons for six procedures for early cancer detection. We also assessed the concordance of population-level estimates of screening rates based on these two sources. METHODS: Data were obtained from a mailed questionnaire or telephone interview completed by 779 men and women. The data from these randomly selected study participants (431 women and 348 men), who had been members of the health plan for the previous 5 years, were compared with information obtained from their medical charts. Intersource agreement about whether each procedure was done within the last 2 years was evaluated, with the medical record used as the gold standard. To assess the accuracy of patient self-reporting, we also calculated sensitivity, false-positive and false-negative results, and Kappa statistics. RESULTS: Concordance between self-reported data and medical record documentation was greater for procedures that generated a test report (mammogram, Pap smear, fecal occult blood test, and sigmoidoscopy) than for those generating a physician's note (clinical breast examination and digital rectal examination). Kappa statistics showed a similar pattern. Sensitivity of self-reported data was more than 90% for mammogram, clinical breast examination, Pap smear, and fecal occult blood test and nearly 80% for sigmoidoscopy and digital rectal examination. However, false-positive results were above 40%, except for fecal occult blood test and sigmoidoscopy. For all six procedures, estimated population-level rates of screening within the past 2 years would have been significantly higher (P < .0001) if self-reported data were used instead of medical record audit data. CONCLUSIONS: Self-reported data may overestimate the percentage of the population that has been screened and underestimate the interval since the last cancer detection procedures. IMPLICATIONS: Such data should be used cautiously for clinical decision making, research, and surveillance activities at both individual and population levels. Also, comparability of data should be considered when population screening rates are evaluated on the basis of different data sources.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Verification of data reported by practices for a study of spontaneous abortion.

Little is known about the accuracy of data reported in practice based primary care research. The Ambulatory Sentinel Practice Network (ASPN) undertook a 100% audit of 226 patients included in a study of spontaneous abortion (SAB). The audit was conducted to assess the feasibility of conducting audits in primary care research networks dispersed over large geographic areas, verify that patients met inclusion criteria, and assess the frequency of reporting errors using the medical record as a standard. Of the originally reported SABs, 24% could not be verified. The overall error rate was 4.5%, a total of 106 errors out of a possible 2,361. Seventy percent of these errors came from five of the 34 participating practices. Sixty-six percent of the records were error-free. Seventy-seven percent of the errors were associated with problems with methods and clustered into three categories: gravidity, gestational age, and dilation and curettage (D&C). According to this audit, the data reported by the practices for research purposes were very similar to the data found in the medical record.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1990

A review of data reports published in the Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics from 1986 to 1988.

Forty-six data reports which appeared in the Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics from 1986 to 1988 were reviewed according to specific methodological criteria. There appears to be a need for improved study design in contemporary chiropractic research. Experimental and quasi-experimental studies were most commonly deficient in the areas of reliable methods of measurement, the use of blind assessors and blind, or at least naive, study subjects. Common flaws in surveys were: failure to test the survey instrument prior to the study, not stating the response rate, and omitting discussion of the question of confidentiality. The results confirmed findings obtained in a similar study of data reports of an Australian peer-reviewed chiropractic journal. The use of various types of checklists is recommended for authors and reviewers of chiropractic scientific material.

Bibliographies as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Self-reported data: reliability and role in determining program effectiveness.

This study was conducted to assess the reliability of self-reported hospitalization data, as well as the appropriateness of using self-reported data in evaluating the effectiveness of the Maine Ambulatory Diabetes Education and Follow-Up (ADEF) program. A Maine Blue Cross/Blue Shield (BC/BS) inpatient claims file was used as the reference source to verify self-reported hospitalization data. For a sample of 99 BC/BS subscribers who attended the ADEF program, 77% of the study participants accurately self-reported hospitalization patterns over a 12-mo time period before attending the education program, and 81% of the participants accurately self-reported hospitalization patterns during a posteducation follow-up time period. The reference BC/BS claims data documented a reduction in hospitalizations for the study participants similar to that reported using the ADEF self-reported hospitalization data. The Maine Diabetes Control Project used the self-reported hospitalization data in combination with selected reference claims data to secure third-party reimbursement for the Maine ADEF Program.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Pattern reliability of narcotics addicts' self-reported data: a confirmatory assessment of construct validity and consistency.

Pattern reliability, or the invariance of relationships among variables, was investigated in this study. The consistency of theoretical constructs reflected by measures taken at two separate occasions can be tested using confirmatory factor analysis. Self-report data were obtained from 323 narcotics addicts in two face-to-face interviews conducted in 1974/75 and 1985/86. The two interviews overlapped approximately 4 years between 1970 and 1974/75. Through the testing of the invariance of measurement and structural models, pattern reliability was confirmed in one of the models developed. Explication of pattern reliability offers an alternative means of assessing validity of self-report data.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Can self-reported data accurately describe the prevalence of overweight?

Overweight is an important public health problem affecting around 50% of the population of Wales, resulting in increased risk of illness, premature disability and premature death. The aim of this study was to examine critically the accuracy of self-reported data in describing the prevalence of overweight in Wales. A sample of 1622 adults aged 18 to 64 years was taken from the Welsh Heart Health Survey 1985. In that survey weight and height data were collected on a self-completed questionnaire and by clinical measurement. Mean differences between self-reported and measured weight and height were used as indicators of bias, and the accuracy of BMI and the prevalence of overweight based on this data were analysed. Weight was reported without significant bias in men, but women under-reported their weight by an average of 1.1 kg. Height was over-reported by 1.4 cm in men, and 0.7 cm in women, on average. More than two-thirds of subjects reported to within 2.3 kg and 2.5 cm of their actual weight and height. Reporting was more biased in older and overweight groups. The calculation of body mass index resulted in amplification of bias and underestimation of the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the study sample of 4.5% in men and 6.7% in women. The results have important implications for the use of self-reported data for the scientific measurement of the prevalence of overweight, especially in longitudinal studies, and suggest that further research should be conducted into the stability of reporting bias over time.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Quality of self-report data: a comparison of older and younger chronically ill patients.

This study examined age differences in the quality of self-report data in patients with chronic disease conditions (hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, depression). Data are from 2,304 patients in three health care systems in Los Angeles, Chicago, and Boston. Results support the idea that self-report health data can be gathered from older and younger patients without significant decrements in data quality. Specifically, results showed: (1) small decreases in the reliability of multi-item measures with age, primarily occurring in balanced scales; (2) little evidence of differences among age groups in response set or the tendency to respond "don't know" or "uncertain," although older patients had a greater tendency to respond in a socially desirable manner; (3) higher item nonresponse in older patients; (4) little variation in item nonresponse by type of question or question placement; (5) generally high panel retention in all age groups, supporting the value of repeated follow-up; and (6) similar known-groups validity across age groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Proxy respondents in reproductive research: a comparison of self- and partner-reported data.

The quality of proxy reporting was assessed among 136 prenatal patients and their spouse/partners recruited from the obstetric services of a New Jersey hospital between 1985 and 1987. The concordance, sensitivity, and specificity of proxy reports about partners' occupation, smoking, and drinking were examined in relation to self-reports. Overall, private patients provided better proxy data than did clinic patients, and women provided better data than did men. No consistent effects on the quality of proxy reports were found in relation to age, level of education, marital status, or length of cohabitation. Partners' recent job titles appeared to be quite accurately reported, whereas partners' smoking and drinking patterns were less well-reported. For alcohol use in particular, there was evidence of considerable misclassification resulting from proxy reports even when kappa statistics and intraclass correlation coefficients suggested good agreement. Use of proxy respondents is unnecessary in reproductive studies and should be avoided when it may produce misleading results. Our data indicate that private prenatal patients and their partners can give reasonable proxy reports about job titles and smoking, but not about alcohol use. The high proportion of clinic patients who did not refer a partner (or whose partners could not be contacted) limits the generalizability of our results for this group and gives cause for concern about collecting proxy information from clinic populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Structure of act-report data: is the five-factor model of personality recaptured?

We examined the correspondence between the structure of act-report data and 5-factor models emerging from trait-rating data. Twenty categories were selected as markers for the 5-factor model and retrospective act reports were constructed for the target categories. One hundred eighteen men and women comprising 59 dating couples completed self-based and observer-based act reports. Several factor analyses tested different assumptions. Retaining total act performance (TAP) produced a blend of the traditional 5 factors. Removing TAP closely reproduced the 5-factor model in both principal-components and procrustes analyses. Correlations between the derived act factors and trait ratings from 6 data sources support a reinterpretation of the traditional trait labels. Discussion focuses on the implications of different assumptions on the formulation of a basic model of personality structure.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Self-reported data on spontaneous abortions compared with data obtained by computer linkage with the hospital registry.

In a study of occupational causes of spontaneous abortions, based upon self-reported data and data from the hospital registry, evidence of differential misclassification was noted. Among those exposed a larger proportion of the self-reported spontaneous abortions were identified in the hospital registry, compared with what was found in the control group. This could be due to recall bias of the questionnaire data masking an effect of exposure, or a lower threshold for hospitalization among those exposed vis-à-vis controls, which would exaggerate the effect of exposure, if any. The analysis tended to support the idea of a less accurate recall of spontaneous abortions among controls, especially for abortion that occurred more than 3 years before the questionnaires were sent out. A second questionnaire was sent out to a subset of the participants 3 1/2 years after the first questionnaire. 17% reported fewer spontaneous abortions in this second questionnaire compared with the situation in the first questionnaire, for the period 1973 to 1980.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1996

Evaluating clinical case report data for SAR modeling of allergic contact dermatitis.

Clinical case reports can be important sources of information for alerting health professionals to the existence of possible health hazards. Isolated case reports, however, are weak evidence of causal relationships between exposure and disease because they do not provide an indication of the frequency of a particular exposure leading to a disease event. A database of chemicals causing allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) was compiled to discern structure-activity relationships. Clinical reports represented a considerable fraction of the data. Multiple Computer Automated Structure Evaluation (MultiCASE) was used to create a structure-activity model to be used in predicting the ACD activity of untested chemicals. We examined how the predictive ability of the model was influenced by including the case report data in the model. In addition, the model was used to predict the activity of chemicals identified from clinical case reports. The following results were obtained: When chemicals which were identified as dermal sensitizers by only one or two case reports were included in the model, the specificity of the model was reduced. Less than one half of these chemicals were predicted to be active by the most highly evidenced model. These chemicals possessed substructures not previously encountered by any of the models. We conclude that chemicals classified as sensitizers based on isolated clinical case reports be excluded from our model of ACD. The approach described here for evaluating activity of chemicals based on sparse evidence should be considered for use with other endpoints of toxicity when data are correspondingly limited.

Allergens↗
PubMed1990

Patterns of conscious failure to provide accurate self-report data in patients with low back pain.

Assessment and treatment responses were compared in 17 subjects with chronic low back pain assessed as showing at least one clear consciously produced inconsistency in statements and/or behaviors during their participation in an interdisciplinary treatment program and 143 subjects assessed as showing no such inconsistency. Numerous statistically significant differences emerged: Inconsistent subjects were more likely to have pending litigation and to be assessed by staff as showing a higher degree of focus on pain and more dramatized complaints, lower levels of medical findings and attention and interest in treatment, and poor compliance with treatment and assessment procedures. In addition, these subjects reported lower levels of physical activity and generally more inconsistent or negative responses to lumbar sympathetic injections with fewer expected changes in physical sensations. Though not definitive, these results suggested a syndrome of characteristics among such subjects which are similar to those proposed as likely characterizing malingerers. The need for a particularly careful validation of self-report data in patients showing many of these characteristics was emphasized.

Adult↗