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Computer programs in nucleic acid synthesis: synthetic strategy development using solid-phase chemical techniques with data storage, retrieval and analysis capabilities.

A computer program has been designed to aid development of synthetic strategies for oligonucleotides produced by solid-phase chemical techniques. The program reduces the time required to develop a strategy and a data file from hours to minutes. The program contains inventories, provides cost analyses, and generates and stores other associated data. The program searches an inventory of sequences for that sequence to avoid duplicate synthesis. If the sequence is not in the inventory the program devises a synthetic strategy, calculates the amounts of reagents and labor costs necessary to complete the synthetic oligonucleotide. The program also deducts the reagents from inventory files. Physical data is also calculated. A file is generated in a sequence inventory for storage of the data as well as other data that will be generated during the purification processes. All variable parameters can be easily edited. The programs were designed to provide a cross-referencing feature for data analysis and can use several parameters as a constant.

Computers

Computer programs in nucleic acid synthesis: synthetic strategy development using solid-phase chemical techniques with data storage, retrieval and analysis capabilities.

A computer program has been designed to aid development of synthetic strategies for oligonucleotides produced by solid-phase chemical techniques. The program reduces the time required to develop a strategy and a data file from hours to minutes. The program contains inventories, provides cost analyses, and generates and stores other associated data. The program searches an inventory of sequences for that sequence to avoid duplicate synthesis. If the sequence is not in the inventory the program devises a synthetic strategy, calculates the amounts of reagents and labor costs necessary to complete the synthetic oligonucleotide. The program also deducts the reagents from inventory files. Physical data is also calculated. A file is generated in a sequence inventory for storage of the data as well as other data that will be generated during the purification processes. All variable parameters can be easily edited. The programs were designed to provide a cross-referencing feature for data analysis and can use several parameters as a constant.

Base Sequence

A patient data storage and retrieval system.

A patient data storage and retrieval system has been developed for a microcomputer used in a nuclear medicine department. The advantages of coding clinical information and the problems encountered in coding are highlighted. The application of the stored patient data is briefly discussed.

Information Systems

A data storage and retrieval system for clinical research.

A data storage and retrieval system is presented that can be used for clinical research studies. The system is designed in such a way that the programs are independent of the application. It can be used by non-computer experts via a simple query language. Since it is bulit up in a modular way extensions can be easily made. The system is implemented on a PDP 11/70 under FORTRAN.

Computers

Usefulness and adequacy of sensor data storage and retrieval for rate response simulation.

The usefulness of sensor data storage for rate response simulation was evaluated using a new dual chamber rate modulated pacemaker sensitive to acceleration forces (Relay 294-03 [Intermedics Inc.]). The pacemaker can store the sensor output during routine exercise and those values can be used to simulate rate profiles for other rate response settings. The predictive value of this feature was evaluated in three studies (mechanical, external pacemaker, and implanted pacemaker). In the first study, the pacemaker was submitted to three runs of eight different mechanical calibrated to-and-fro movements. In the second study, nine external pacemakers were strapped on healthy volunteers who performed three jogging tests. Finally, the predictive value of the simulation was studied in five implanted patients during three successive walking tests. In each study, the pacemaker was submitted three times to the same activity. The responsiveness was successively set to 5, 1, and 10, and the pacemaker outputs were continuously recorded on a Holter monitor. At the end of the first run, rate profile simulations for slopes 1 and 10 were performed; slope 5 rate response was simulated after the second run. A regression analysis was used to establish the correlation between predicted and achieved pacing rates for each study. The coefficients of correlation between predicted and measured pacing rates for the mechanical, external, and clinical studies were 0.999, 0.985, and 0.823, respectively. The corresponding slopes of regression lines were 1.005, 0.971, and 0.935. Calculated rate profile has a high predictive value and could be used to optimize rate responsive settings without serial exercise testings.

Acceleration

Data storage and retrieval system for a nuclear medicine department.

A mark sense IBM data card was designed specifically for the nuclear medicine department. The data card functions as a flow sheet with coded information added in sequence by secretary, technician, and physician. Statistical information, patient identification, quantitative results, physician interpretation, and discharge diagnosis can be easily coded and entered on the card by the appropriate individual. The completed card can be punched, filed, and retrieved by machine. Filing and retrieving can also be done by hand for flexibility. The stored data can easily by programmed and converted to computer handling and storage. The card is inexpensive to produce. Card design is extremely flexible for varying needs. If sorting and punching equipment is not available, this can be contracted for in the community as low cost.

Information Systems

Data storage and retrieval by implantable pacemakers for diagnostic purposes.

The functions of many of today's dual-chamber pacemakers are performed using custom microprocessors that are similar to those used in mainframe computers. The data storage and transmission capabilities of these microprocessor-controlled pacemakers can be used to record, process, and transmit information regarding the patient, pacemaker, or patient/pacemaker interaction. The limitations of such data processing systems depend upon (1) quantity and quality of incoming information, (2) software routines for data collection, and (3) the amount of available random access memory (RAM). Data obtained can be useful in patient management and follow-up, particularly in the areas of optimization of programming, monitoring of disease progression, assessment of pharmacologic therapy, and pacemaker troubleshooting. Anticipated advances in data collection capabilities will allow increasingly sophisticated analysis that will complement, and may in some cases, supplant the Holter monitor recording in evaluating some aspects of rhythm and/or pacemaker behavior in selected patients.

Adult

Patient data storage and retrieval using dBASE III in a pediatric ophthalmology department.

Ashton Tate's dBASE III has been adapted to store patient data for both medical and administrative purposes by the Department of Ophthalmology of Children's Hospital National Medical Center. The program is run on an IBM-PC microcomputer and stored on twin Iomega 10 megabyte cartridge disks. The advantages of this system include ready availability of both software and hardware, relative ease of customization, simplicity of use, and modest cost.

Hospital Departments

Computer-based data storage and retrieval in pediatric cardiology.

The use of computer technology is becoming increasingly important in the handling of medical records. The cardiology data system used at The Hospital for Sick Children has greatly simplified the review and analysis of patient records. The methods of capturing data are logical and straightforward and have assisted fellows, residents and students in learning the systematic approach to the diagnosis of heart disease in children. The review of particular defects conducted as a research project has often led to further studies which have made important contributions to the knowledge of heart disease in childhood.

Computers

Implantable cardioverter defibrillator: data storage and retrieval with Patientlog.

A pacemaker management system (Patientlog), implemented on a IBM personal computer (AT), was adapted for the control and the administrative management of patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). Several parameters used for pacemakers were also suitable for ICDs, while some fields were defined within the available frame of the database, to cope with the specific technical information of ICDs. "Intervention-cards" display diagnostic (threshold) as well as complex surgical information (approach, lead systems, etc.). "Follow-up-cards" present charge time and the number of shocks in such a way that decision making is very easy. Fourteen patients were followed with a total of 21 interventions, six different types of devices, and more than 150 follow-ups. A correct control of ICD functions is easy. The system is adapted for programmable ICDs. Updated reports containing necessary information are generated immediately after each procedure or follow-up.

Database Management Systems

Data storage and retrieval.

The entire face of modern medical and surgical practice is being significantly affected by the application of technologic developments to the practice of surgery--developments that will tie together such areas as information management and processing, robotics, communication networks, and computerized surgical equipment. The achievements in these areas will create a sophisticated, fully automatic system that will assist the plastic surgeon in many aspects of work, such as regular office activities, doctor-patient interaction, professional updating, communication, and even assistance during the operational process itself. It will be as simple as dialing a telephone today. When it is necessary to consult with other colleagues, a combined vocal and visual consulting network in other medical centers as well as consulting computerized expert systems will be available all day and night as part of the communication services. The plastic surgical expert systems will store valuable information, based on the knowledge of the best human experts, on any important subtopics and will be accessed in a very friendly way. This will be an invaluable tool for the residents in training, for emergency room work, and for just getting a second opinion, even for the more experienced practitioner. All the electronic mail, professional magazines, and any other required professional information will flow between central and personal retrieval systems. The doctor, at a desired time in the privacy and comfort of his or her own home or office, can read the mail, make required changes to suit his or her needs, and store, send back, or distribute information, all in a speedy and efficient manner. The simulation of a planned surgery will give the surgeon the ability to prepare and will prevent difficulties during complicated procedures through the luxury of a dry run, without any sequelae if certain expected outcomes fail to materialize. The preprogrammed control of sophisticated surgical equipment and the use of robotics would generate new operational possibilities for more complicated surgeries, which are now prevented owing to the surgeon's physical limitations. Information urgently required during the operation as a result of an unexpected situation will be available immediately from storage and retrieval systems, and real-time vocal and visual consulting with expert colleagues, often in remote locations, will bring the operations process itself to a new era.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Artificial Intelligence