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11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Morbidity and mortality of myocardial infarction in the MONICA study area Augsburg in 1985.

In the year 1985, 998 (734 men, 264 women) cases of acute coronary events were registered among the 25-74 year-old residents of the study area (151,489 men and 171,093 women) of whom 583 (403 men, 180 women) died within 28 days (case fatality). Both AMI as a clinical diagnosis and AMI as a cause of death are validated by defined MONICA diagnostic criteria (acute symptoms, enzyme level, ECG, autopsy diagnosis). The AMI-risk (MONICA diagnostic categories 1, 2, 3, 9) in the study area Augsburg is relatively low (incidence: men 302, women 113; attack rate: men 444, women 138; death rate: men 241, women 92; all per 100,000 for each group). The 28-day case fatality is comparatively high (men 54%, women 67%). A comparison of the Augsburg rates with those of three other centers shows that the Augsburg figures are in the lower range.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Validation and application of U.N. model life tables against Thailand data, 1973-1983.

The author applies models of age and sex mortality, developed by the United Nations in 1982 for developing countries, to data for Thailand for the years 1973-1983. Following a discussion of the development of the four mortality patterns and their models, the author traces changes in Thailand's mortality trends using the U.N. model life tables. "This study reveals the change of mortality patterns in Thailand, moving from [the] Latin American to [the] Far Eastern pattern.... The proportional mortality ratio of population over 60 years of age has gradually increased from 28.7% in 1973 to 42.0% in 1983 and the sex ratio of mortality in this group [has] also slightly increased during this decade." (SUMMARY IN TUR)

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Trends in pulmonary embolism death rates for Canada and the United States, 1962-87.

To investigate the effect of advances in the prevention and treatment of pulmonary embolism, we examined the rates of death from pulmonary embolism in Canada for 1965-87 and compared them with those for the United States for 1962-84. The direct method of age standardization was used on sex-specific and age-specific death rates, with the 1960 US population as the standard. In both countries the death rates increased then decreased, although the changes in the Canadian rates occurred later and were less pronounced than those in the US rates. Men and elderly people were at higher risk of death from pulmonary embolism than women and younger people. Prevention strategies, possibly including encouraging a more active lifestyle and targetting high-risk groups, may further reduce pulmonary embolism death rates in both countries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

The heterogeneous spectrum of the long QT syndrome.

The long QT syndrome affects predominantly younger people who demonstrate structurally normal hearts. The underlying defect in the long QT syndrome seems to be genetic mutations in the cardiac ionic channels responsible for generating action potentials. Genetic linkage mapping has identified six genes (designated LQT1-6) associated with the Romano-Ward syndrome; two of these genes (LQT1, LQT5) are associated with the Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome. All of these genes encode potassium channels with the exception of LQT3, which encodes a sodium channel. Mutations affecting these channels will lead to a derangement in ionic flows across the cytoplasmic membranes of cardiac cells, thereby leading to prolongation of the cardiac action potential and lengthening of the QT interval on the surface electrocardiogram. Long QT syndrome is a cause of death in young, otherwise healthy individuals. The heterogeneity of the long QT syndrome also makes prognosis and risk stratification difficult. In patients with long QT syndrome genotypes 1 and 2, as well as during slower heart rates, men exhibited shorter mean QTc interval durations than did women; thus, women possess a predilection for developing torsades de pointes. In female probands with the congenital long QT syndrome, the postpartum period appears to confer a significant risk for experiencing a cardiac event. The study determined that certain combinations, such as exhibiting a QTc of 500ms or more, along with the presence of LQT1, LQT2, and LQT3 (with male gender), conferred a 50% or greater risk of a first cardiac event. Based on the observation that physical exertion and emotional stress are significant triggers for cardiac events in the setting of congenital long QT syndrome (specifically the LQT1 and LQT2 genotypes), avoidance of competitive sports seems to be a prudent lifestyle modification. This heterogeneity stems from the presence of different mutations in the genes that encode cardiac ion channels. The triggering events, prognosis, and risk stratification of the patient with long QT syndrome appear to be influenced by the underlying genotype. The primary treatment of congenital long QT syndrome, i.e., beta-blockade therapy with internal cardioverter defibrillator therapy, appears to be useful in a subset of patients.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

Tuberculosis incidence and mortality in aboriginal areas of Taiwan, 1997-2001.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: People living in aboriginal areas of Taiwan are known to be at especially high risk of developing tuberculosis (TB). This study investigated the incidence and mortality of TB in aboriginal areas of Taiwan. METHODS: The TB death statistics and notification data from the National TB Register and Department of Health in 1997-2001 were analyzed. RESULTS: From 1997 to 2001, people living in aboriginal areas bore a disproportionate burden of TB disease in Taiwan, with mortality rates 5.5-6.5 times and incidence rates 3.6-5.2 times higher than those of people living in non-aboriginal areas. Among patients with TB living in aboriginal areas, 381 died, accounting for 5.1% of the 7480 TB deaths in Taiwan. A large proportion of the patients with TB who died were older than 65 years, in both aboriginal (40.2%) and non-aboriginal (78.5%) areas; however, the age of TB patients who died in non-aboriginal areas was significantly older (p < 0.001). TB patients living in the aboriginal areas accounted for 3.6% (2618/71,447) of the total number of reported TB patients in Taiwan, and 32.7% were in the age range from 24-45 years. In contrast, TB patients living in non-aboriginal areas were typically older, with only 20.1% in the 24-45 age range (p < 0.001) and 44.4% older than 65 years (p < 0.001). In terms of incidence and mortality rates, men predominated in both groups; however, this pattern was less prominent in aboriginal areas than in non-aboriginal areas. CONCLUSIONS: The mortality rates and incidence of TB in aboriginal areas are much higher than those in non-aboriginal areas in Taiwan. Concentration of resources and programs to control TB in aboriginal areas may represent the most effective use of resources for fighting TB.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Cigarette smoking among U.S. adults by state and region: estimates from the current population survey.

BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoking is responsible for at least one third of all cancer deaths annually in the United States. Few sources exist in the peer-reviewed literature documenting state and regional differences in smoking behavior, despite the fact that cancer prevention and control efforts are increasingly being implemented below the national level. PURPOSE: Our goals were to determine smoking prevalence rates among men and women, by region, and for each of the 50 states and the District of Columbia from census survey data collected in 1992 and 1993 and to compare these rates with rates determined in 1985. METHODS: Every month, the U.S. Bureau of the Census collects labor force statistics on more than 100000 individuals on its Current Population Survey (CPS). For the September 1992, January 1993, and May 1993 CPS, the National Cancer Institute sponsored a 40-item Tobacco Use Supplement. The definition of a current smoker changed slightly between 1985 and 1992-1993. For the 1985 CPS, individuals were considered current smokers if they had smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime and were smoking at the time of interview; for the 1992-1993 CPS, current smokers included anyone who had smoked 100 cigarettes and was currently smoking every day or just on some days. We calculated current smoking rates (every day and some days combined) based on more than a quarter million adults (n = 266988) interviewed in 1992-1993. RESULTS: Substantial geographic variation exists in rates of current cigarette use among adults within the United States. In general, adults in the southern United States have higher rates of smoking and adults in the western states have lower rates of smoking and adults in the rest of the country, although differences in smoking behavior between men and women and among various racial and ethnic populations strongly influence these patterns. Only two states, Kentucky and West Virginia, exhibited adult smoking rates (men and women combined) of 30% or higher in 1992-1993; in contrast, in 1985, such rates were reported from 20 states. The only states in which the prevalence was below 20% in 1992-1993 were Utah (17.1%) and California (19.5%). Rates approaching 20% were reported from New Jersey (20.7%), Massachusetts (21.5%), and Nebraska, New York, and Hawaii (22.0% each) in 1992-1993. Rhode Island experienced the greatest relative decline in smoking prevalence from 1985 to 1992-1993, with a calculated relative change of -30.7% (based on a change in rate from 33.5% to 23.2%), followed by Delaware (-25.9%) the District of Columbia and New Jersey (-23.9% each), Connecticut (-23.2%), California (-22.9%), Alaska (-22.8%), Georgia (-22.6%), Massachusetts (-22.1%), and New York (-22.0%). CONCLUSIONS: Smoking rates are not uniform in the United States but vary considerably from state to state, even within the same region of the country. The CPS is the only mechanism currently capable of simultaneously monitoring smoking trends nationally, regionally, and on a state-by-state basis.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1988

An epidemiologic study of sudden death at work in an industrial county, 1979-1982.

The descriptive epidemiology of sudden death at work was studied in an urban, industrial county. County coroner's records were used to identify the 212 deaths that occurred at work among employed white males in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania in 1979-1982. Occupations and industries with increased risks for either sudden natural deaths or fatal injuries at work were identified by comparison with the white male county employed population. Men employed in service occupations had the highest age-adjusted sudden natural death rate at work (27.0 per 100,000). This was 2.5 times as high as the overall county rate. Men employed in the construction industry had the highest age-adjusted rate of fatal injuries at work (24.3 per 100,000). This was 4.4 times as high as the overall county rate. Twenty-five per cent (17/68) of occupational fatalities involved multiple fatalities or injuries. Only 1 per cent (2/144) of natural deaths at work and 7 per cent (5/68) of fatal injuries had blood alcohol levels exceeding 0.1 mg/100 ml, the level of intoxication. Improvements in the prevention and surveillance of sudden deaths that occur at work are suggested. Coroner's records are suggested for use in future surveillance on sudden deaths at work because they identified more sudden deaths at work than death certificates did.

Accidents, Occupational↗