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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1986

A comparative trial of haloperidol decanoate and fluphenazine decanoate in chronic schizophrenic patients.

A twenty-week double-blind study was conducted to compare the efficacy and side-effect profile of haloperidol decanoate and fluphenazine decanoate, both given four-weekly, in fifty-one chronic schizophrenic patients. The mean dose of fluphenazine decanoate was 84 mg compared to 122 mg for the haloperidol decanoate group--suggesting a potency ratio of 1.0 : 1.4 in this study population. The CPRS sub-scale for schizophrenic symptoms showed a statistically significant improvement (p. less than 0.05) for the haloperidol decanoate group after twenty weeks treatment. A significant difference favouring haloperidol decanoate (p. less than 0.05) was also shown in the CPRS depression sub-scale at the end of the study. No significant between-group differences were found in the incidence of extrapyramidal side-effects at week 20, though consumption of the antiparkinsonian medication orphenadrine was significantly higher (p. less than 0.05) in the fluphenazine decanoate group (mean dose 102 mg) compared to a mean dose of 58 mg for the haloperidol decanoate group. More patients on fluphenazine decanoate gained weight than patients on haloperidol decanoate, but the difference was not statistically significant.

Adult↗

PubMed1975

A double-blind comparison of fluphenazine decanoate and flupenthixol decanoate in the treatment of acute schizophrenia.

A double-blind comparison of fluphenazine decanoate and flupenthixol decanoate in 40 consecutive admissions showed no difference in anti-psychotic effect or extrapyramidal side effects after 56 days. However, the trial identified a different effect of the drugs on mood. Flupenthixol decanoate had an elating effect that was most marked during the week following injection. Fluphenazine decanoate tended to lower mood. The results would suggest that in acute schizophrenia, fluphenazine decanoate would be the more appropriate drug in elated or acutely disturbed patients, but that in patients with a lowered mood or a history of depression, flupenthixol decanoate would be the more appropriate drug. It was emphasised that these mood changes were observed in patients with acute schizophrenia and that extrapolation from these results to maintenance therapy of chronic relapsing schizophrenia should only be made with caution. The results suggest that 40 mg of flupenthixol decanoate is approximately equal to 25 mg of fluphenazine decanoate. Analyses of covariance showed a significant positive correlation between the incidence of extrapyramidal side effects and duration of illness.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1986

Haloperidol decanoate and flupenthixol decanoate in schizophrenia. A long-term double-blind cross-over comparison.

Thirty-two schizophrenic patients, previously treated with antipsychotics, were treated with haloperidol decanoate and flupenthixol decanoate in a double-blind cross-over study. The drugs were given for 24 weeks each at an individually adapted dose. The last three injections of either drug were given at fixed 4-week intervals. The mean dose over the two treatment periods changed from 131 mg (start) to 151 mg (week 24) in the haloperidol decanoate group and from 56 mg to 66 mg in the flupenthixol decanoate group, the inter-drug ratio being 2.3:1. During the first study period, the patients' condition remained rather stable with both drugs. After crossing-over, the symptoms were further reduced with haloperidol decanoate but increased with flupenthixol decanoate. Side effects of the two drugs were comparable and were generally few and mild. It was concluded that 4-week intramuscular administration of haloperidol decanoate provides appropriate control of schizophrenic symptoms, but that flupenthixol decanoate should be dosed at shorter intervals.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

From decanoate micelles to decanoic acid/dodecylbenzenesulfonate vesicles.

Different aspects of mixtures of decanoic acid and sodium decanoate were investigated in aqueous solution up to a total concentration of 300 mM. Depending on the ratio of ionized to nonionized decanoic acid, micelles or vesicles form above the critical concentrations of micelle (cmc) or the critical concentration for vesicle formation (cvc). The micelles and the vesicles are always present together with nonmicellized or nonvesiculized decanoate. The latter was determined for different total concentrations. On the basis of titration curves, by application of the Gibbs phase rule, and on the basis of differential scanning calorimetry measurements and an electron microscopy analysis, the pH region within which vesicles exist was identified (pH 6.8-7.8). At pH 7.0, the concentration of nonvesiculized decanoate is approximately 20 mM. Decanoic acid/decanoate vesicles can be sized down by the extrusion technique to form stable and mainly unilamellar vesicles with a mean diameter of less than 100 nm. By coaddition of an equimolar amount of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) to decanoic acid, vesicles also formed below pH 6.8. These mixed vesicles were investigated as potential templates for the peroxidase-catalyzed polymerization of aniline at pH 4.3. Furthermore, decanaote micelles (at pH 11.0) were applied as reaction modifiers for the simultaneous competitive alkaline hydrolysis of p-nitrophenylacetate and fluorescein diacetate. While the rate of hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate is slowed considerably in the presence of the micelles in comparison with the micelle-free system, the rate of hydrolysis of p-nitrophenylacetate remains almost unaffected.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1991

Perphenazine decanoate and cis(z)-flupentixol decanoate in maintenance treatment of schizophrenic outpatients. Serum levels at the minimum effective dose.

Two groups of schizophrenic outpatients were treated with perphenazine decanoate (N = 20) and cis(z)-flupentixol decanoate (N = 24) respectively. Every 3 months the dose was gradually reduced until symptoms appeared that were suggestive of a prodromal phase of a psychotic episode. A slightly higher dose was then promptly reinstituted (the minimum effective dose). At each dose level, two blood samples were drawn for determination of serum concentration. The mean minimum effective dose of perphenazine decanoate was 99.3 mg/2 weeks (range 21.6-270.5), while the mean minimum effective dose of cis(z)-flupentixol decanoate was 60 mg/2 weeks (range 20-250). The corresponding mean serum level of perphenazine decanoate was 7.3 nmol/l (range 2.0-18.1) and of cis(z)-flupentixol decanoate 7.8 nmol/l (range 1.2-37.0). There was a significant correlation between the administered doses and the corresponding serum levels for both drugs (r = 0.87, P less than 0.01). A weak positive correlation was found between serum levels at the minimum effective dose and symptom intensity (BPRS total score) (r = 0.53, P less than 0.02) for perphenazine, but not cis(z)-flupentixol. No correlation was found between serum levels and side effects or length of neuroleptic treatment. It is concluded that the serum drug concentrations corresponding to the lowest effective dose are so variable that routine serum level monitoring may be of limited value in the long-term maintenance treatment of schizophrenia.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Endogenous levels of abscisic Acid and decanoic Acid in dutch iris bulbs and the influence of abscisic Acid and decanoic Acid on iris meristems cultured in vitro.

Abscisic acid (ABA) and decanoic acid inhibited shoot elongation and floral development of Dutch iris (Iris hollandica Hoog. cv Ideal) meristems cultured in vitro. No synergism with respect to inhibition of leaf growth between ABA and decanoic acid was observed. With monthly harvest dates, from July 10, 1981 to October 10, 1981, there was a progressive decrease in endogenous level of free ABA in ;Ideal' iris bulbs. Bulbs subjected to a full set of the usual preplanting storage conditions flowered, on average, 46 days after planting versus 194 days after planting for bulbs planted directly after harvest. ABA levels at harvest were 4- to 5-fold those after the preplanting storage treatment. In general, ABA levels did not correlate well with the length of time from planting until flowering of iris bulbs. Endogenous decanoic acid levels did not follow any pattern with respect to harvest date or postharvest treatment. After the postharvest high temperature treatment, there was about a 3-fold increase in nonscale decanoic acid concentration. Decanoic acid levels, in nonscale tissue, remained high after each of the other postharvest treatments. It is concluded that there is no good evidence to support the contention that either ABA or decanoic acid is directly involved in iris bulb dormancy.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1983

Comparative double-blind study of flupenthixol decanoate and fluphenazine decanoate in the treatment of patients relapsing in a schizophrenic symptomatology.

Thirty-two chronic schizophrenics who had relapsed entered a double-blind randomised study and were followed-up for 2 years with the intention of measuring any difference in therapeutic effect and side effects between flupenthixol decanoate and fluphenazine decanoate. No differences could be seen as regards the global effect or the effect on the schizophrenic symptomatology during the first 6 months. After 1 year of treatment flupenthixol decanoate showed a trend towards a better effect on schizophrenic symptomatology. A corresponding result was seen for the depressive symptoms. There were no differences in the appearance of side effects. The need for additional neuroleptics in the initial phase seemed to be identical for both drugs. A possible slow antipsychotic effect with flupenthixol decanoate is probably due to the administered dose being somewhat low (in the present study approximately 31 mg flupenthixol corresponding to 27 mg fluphenazine). This suggests that flupenthixol should have been given in a somewhat higher dose (25 mg fluphenazine decanoate corresponding to 40 mg flupenthixol decanoate).

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Weight gain and prolactin levels in patients on long-term antipsychotic medication: a double-blind comparative trial of haloperidol decanoate and fluphenazine decanoate.

A one year double-blind trial of haloperidol decanoate and fluphenazine decanoate was conducted in nineteen out-patients who had previously received at least one year's treatment with fluphenazine decanoate and were already overweight, as judged by a Body Mass Index of 25+. Although the difference was not statistically significant, patients treated with haloperidol decanoate showed a trend to less weight gain than patients who continued on fluphenazine decanoate, even though the haloperidol to fluphenazine dose ratio was 4:1. No statistically significant changes in mental state were observed and the incidence of extrapyramidal side-effects in the two treatment groups was similar.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Haloperidol decanoate as a replacement for maintenance therapy with intramuscular fluphenazine decanoate in schizophrenia and other chronic psychoses.

Thirty-five psychotic male inpatients receiving optimal neuroleptic maintenance therapy, with fluphenazine decanoate (once every 3-weeks), and one receiving chlorpromazine entered a 24-week study with haloperidol decanoate administered once every 4 weeks, at a dose based on mg equivalence between fluphenazine decanoate and haloperidol decanoate; as regards the latter, this dose was estimated to be comparable with 20 times a daily haloperidol dose. Psychotic symptom severity, evaluated at the end of each treatment period by 8 out of 9 assessed symptoms from the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, showed haloperidol decanoate to be of similar efficacy to previously used maintenance medication. The symptom emotional withdrawal was significantly improved by the end of the study. In addition, 18 patients out of 20 were successfully withdrawn from antiparkinsonian therapy without experiencing an enhancement of extrapyramidal side-effects.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Enzymatic Baeyer-Villiger oxidation as the key step in decano-4-lactone and decano-5-lactone degradation by Sporobolomyces odorus.

The biosyntheses of aroma active gamma- and delta-lactones have been previously characterized in yeasts and plants by incubation of labeled fatty acid derivatives. The lactones were considered as end products. Liquid cultures of the lactone-producing yeast Sporobolomyces odorus were used to investigate catabolic pathways of the lactones by incubation of ethyl (+/-)-5-hydroxy(1-(13)C1)decanoate ((13C)-1b) and methyl (+/-)-4-hydroxy(1-(13)C1)decanoate ((13C)-7a). Aliquots of the culture broth were analyzed with GC/MS after CH2N2 derivatization. S. odorus degraded (13C)-1b to 5-oxo(1-(13)C1)decanoic acid ((13C)-2c) and, subsequently, to pentyl (1-(13)C1)pentanedioate ((13C)-3c) and 3-[(1-(13)C1)carboxypropyl] hexanoate ((13C)-4c) by a Baeyer-Villiger-type oxidation (BVO). In addition, the oxidation of (13C)-7a to 4-oxo(1-(13)C1)decanoic acid ((13C)-8c) and a BVO of (13C)-8c to hexyl (1-(13)C1)butanedioate ((13C)-9c) is reported. So far, BVO has been observed in bacteria and some fungi; the data presented indicate a BVO catalyzed by the yeast S. odorus in the course of endogenous lactone metabolism.

Basidiomycota↗

PubMed1985

Double-blind comparison of haloperidol decanoate and fluphenazine decanoate effectiveness, side-effects, dosage and serum levels during a six months' treatment for relapse prevention.

In this present study 31 schizophrenic patients were treated for six months for relapse prevention under double-blind conditions with either haloperidol decanoate (22) or fluphenazine decanoate (9). In respect of the prophylactic action, both depot neuroleptics proved to be equal during the comparatively short period of observation. In both groups a psychotic relapse occurred that could not be managed by increasing the depot dosage. No side-effects worth mentioning appeared in either group of patients; patients under haloperidol decanoate, however, only required half the quantity of anti-parkinson medication as compared with patients treated with fluphenazine decanoate, and also displayed extrapyramidal motor symptoms (EPMS) to a lesser degree. Patients received a mean monthly injection of 80 mg of Haloperidol, reaching steady-state serum levels of about 3 ng/ml in the third injection interval. Fluphenazine serum levels known so far for seven patients amount to 0.8 ng/ml after fluphenazine injections of 21 mg every 14 days.

Adult↗

PubMed1981

A depot neuroleptic withdrawal study. A controlled study of the clinical effects of the withdrawal of depot fluphenazine decanoate and depot flupenthixol decanoate in chronic schizophrenic patients.

A double-blind withdrawal trial in 41 chronic schizophrenic outpatients on neuroleptics was carried out during 6 months. Long-acting neuroleptics (fluphenazine decanoate or flupenthixol decanoate) were used in comparison with placebo to determine the value in maintenance therapy. Most patients had a rather low maintenance dose, about 12.5-25 mg fluphenazine decanoate or 20-40 mg flupenthixol decanoate every third week. Relapse was often characterized by a return of the dame symptoms as the patient had during his first schizophrenic attack. Drugs were significantly more effective than placebo in preventing relapse and readmission to hospital. 62% relapsed in the placebo groups as compared with 27% in the drug group. All patients on active substance and without relapse during the controlled study had their treatment discontinued for 24 months in an open follow-up investigation. This resulted in relapse of all patients but one, i.e. a final relapse frequency of 97%. A significant weight decrease was observed in the placebo group. The risk of withdrawal is discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

A randomized clinical trial of haloperidol decanoate and fluphenazine decanoate in the outpatient treatment of schizophrenia.

We carried out an 8-month double-blind clinical trial comparing haloperidol decanoate with fluphenazine decanoate in the maintenance treatment of 72 schizophrenic outpatients. A parallel-groups design was used with stratification by sex and injection interval (2, 3, or 4 weeks). The initial injection interval was based on pretrial maintenance treatment with fluphenazine esters. The dosage equivalency of haloperidol decanoate (1.5 cc or 75 mg) to fluphenazine decanoate (1 cc or 25 mg) used was 3:1. This remained approximately the same throughout a 2-month titration period with a flexible dose regimen, and a further 6-month period with a fixed dose regimen. No statistically significant differences in therapeutic effect were found between the drugs. Both drugs had a similar profile for drug-induced parkinsonism, but there was a trend for differences in masking tardive dyskinesia. Haloperidol and prolactin plasma concentrations were well correlated with dosage, with the exception of haloperidol concentrations in patients receiving injections at 2-week intervals.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

An open clinical trial with the long-acting neuroleptics flupenthixol decanoate and fluphenazine decanoate in the maintenance treatment of schizophrenia.

An open clinical trial was carried out in 21 chronic schizophrenics to assess the effectiveness and side-effects of treatment with depot neuroleptics. All patients had been stabilized on fluphenazine decanoate for at least 6 months and on entry to the study were given the choice of continuing with this treatment or changing over to flupenthixol decanoate. Sixteen patients chose to receive flupenthixol decanoate (40 mg) and the other 5 fluphenazine decanoate (25 mg). Doses were given every 4 weeks during the 12-week study period. Clinical assessments were carried out every 4 weeks (Weeks 0, 4, 8 and 12) using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and a side-effects checklist, and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, the Schedule for Affected Disorders and Schizophrenia--Change Version, and the Global Assessment Scale were completed on entry (Week 0) and at the end of the study (Week 12). The results indicated that symptoms of depression, withdrawal, worrying, and psychomotor retardation were improved significantly (p less than 0.05) more with flupenthixol than with fluphenazine. The frequency of side-effects decreased during treatment with flupenthixol and there was a tendency towards fewer side-effects in the flupenthixol group than in the fluphenazine group after 8 weeks of treatment. It is concluded that a group of schizophrenic patients characterized by depressive symptoms or side-effects attributable to a prescribed neuroleptic might benefit from a switch to flupenthixol treatment.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗

PubMed1986

Effects of nandrolone decanoate or testosterone decanoate on murine lupus: further evidence for a dissociation of autoimmunosuppressive and endocrine effects.

Nandrolone decanoate injections (20, 40 or 80 mg/kg/3 weeks) in female or castrated male New Zealand black/white mice, starting at various ages (4, 9, 17 or 26 weeks) prolong survival, reduce proteinuria and affect the weights of various endocrine and non-endocrine organs. Nandrolone decanoate is at least equally potent as testosterone decanoate with respect to its beneficial effects on lupus-associated symptoms; in contrast, its effects on some other androgen-sensitive endocrine parameters are significantly less. These observations show that the autoimmunosuppressive effects of steroids are not quantitatively correlated to endocrine properties.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

Clinical and social comparison of fluphenazine decanoate and flupenthixol decanoate in the community maintenance therapy of schizophrenia.

The clinical and social effects of flupenthixol decanoate and fluphenazine decanoate were compared in the maintenance treatment of a population of chronic schizophrenic out-patients over a period of 9 months. The results failed to show significant difference between the treatments, and in particular, reports suggesting specific advantages for flupenthixol decanoate in alleviating the negative symptoms of apathy, anergia and depression in chronic schizophrenics were not confirmed. It seems that chronic schizophrenic patients who are well established on one depot preparation are unlikely to be benefited by being changed to the alternative.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988

Comparative study of the pharmacokinetics of zuclopenthixol decanoate and fluphenazine decanoate.

Seventeen outpatients were treated with depot neuroleptics, zuclopenthixol decanoate in Viscoleo or fluphenazine decanoate in sesame oil, with dosage intervals of 3 weeks. During the 4th, 6th, and 8th dosage interval blood samples were drawn in oxalated tubes. Plasma concentrations of the active neuroleptic drugs, zuclopenthixol and fluphenazine, were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The concentrations indicated some interindividual as well as intraindividual variations. For zuclopenthixol the maximum concentration was most often seen at day 7 after injection, whereas the kinetics of the fluphenazine concentrations was more variable. There was an indication of more fluctuation in the 4th dosage interval than in the 8th dosage interval, possibly due to the fact that steady state has not yet been achieved at the 4th dosage interval.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

A long-term cross-over pharmacokinetic study comparing perphenazine decanoate and haloperidol decanoate in schizophrenic patients.

The purpose of the study was to investigate clinical and pharmacokinetic parameters concerning perphenazine decanoate (PD) and haloperidol decanoate (HD) with an interval of 3 weeks during a study period of 51 weeks. This was done by using the available drug preparations in chronic schizophrenic patients in a randomised, double-blind, cross-over, multicentre study. In addition, an elimination phase of 6 weeks was added, when no IM injections of the depot drugs were given. Twenty-nine patients in a stable neuroleptic maintenance phase entered the study. The patients were rated during the trial according to the CPRS-SCHZ and CGI scales, the UKU side effect scale and serum concentrations of the drugs and prolactin were monitored. There was no significant difference between the drugs in antipsychotic efficacy or side effects. Thus, the doses were equipotent with regard to the CPRS-SCHZ scores. However, the patients' global improvement rating was higher for PD (52%) than for HD (39%) (P > 0.05). The elimination of both drugs was very slow. No interaction effects between PD and HD were observed. The serum levels of HD were in most patients lower than those recommended for acute-subacute treatment. The mean doses were 117 mg (0.29 mmol), range 20-313 mg PD and 120 mg (0.32 mmol), range 20-350 mg HD. The serum concentrations in nmol/L of perphenazine and haloperidol (week 24) were 0.8-15.9 and 2.3-46.7, respectively.

Adult↗