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Results for “Dehumanization”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Dehumanization: an integrative review.

The concept of dehumanization lacks a systematic theoretical basis, and research that addresses it has yet to be integrated. Manifestations and theories of dehumanization are reviewed, and a new model is developed. Two forms of dehumanization are proposed, involving the denial to others of 2 distinct senses of humanness: characteristics that are uniquely human and those that constitute human nature. Denying uniquely human attributes to others represents them as animal-like, and denying human nature to others represents them as objects or automata. Cognitive underpinnings of the "animalistic" and "mechanistic" forms of dehumanization are proposed. An expanded sense of dehumanization emerges, in which the phenomenon is not unitary, is not restricted to the intergroup context, and does not occur only under conditions of conflict or extreme negative evaluation. Instead, dehumanization becomes an everyday social phenomenon, rooted in ordinary social-cognitive processes.

Commodification↗

PubMed2006

Dehumanizing the lowest of the low: neuroimaging responses to extreme out-groups.

Traditionally, prejudice has been conceptualized as simple animosity. The stereotype content model (SCM) shows that some prejudice is worse. The SCM previously demonstrated separate stereotype dimensions of warmth (low-high) and competence (low-high), identifying four distinct out-group clusters. The SCM predicts that only extreme out-groups, groups that are both stereotypically hostile and stereotypically incompetent (low warmth, low competence), such as addicts and the homeless, will be dehumanized. Prior studies show that the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is necessary for social cognition. Functional magnetic resonance imaging provided data for examining brain activations in 10 participants viewing 48 photographs of social groups and 12 participants viewing objects; each picture dependably represented one SCM quadrant. Analyses revealed mPFC activation to all social groups except extreme (low-low) out-groups, who especially activated insula and amygdala, a pattern consistent with disgust, the emotion predicted by the SCM. No objects, though rated with the same emotions, activated the mPFC. This neural evidence supports the prediction that extreme out-groups may be perceived as less than human, or dehumanized.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1979

Liaison psychiatry: a service for averting dehumanization of medicine. Recent psychosocial changes in medicine.

Recent technical advances of medical science have become responsible for the altered role of the physician and changes in the practice of medicine. As the practice has become hospital-centered, the importance of the individual physician and the prestige of the medical profession have markedly decreased. Dehumanization of medicine has been a natural outcome of these changes, for as the scientific approach to patient care increased the psychosocial support of the physician and significant others decreased. Liaison psychiatry, the therapeutic arm of psychosomatic medicine, utilizes the holistic principle which incorporates the psychosocial nuances of human behavior into the medical model. It is felt that this service must be utilized with increased frequency if further dehumanization of medical practice is to be prevented.

Ethics, Medical↗

PubMed1979

Amygdaloid nucleus syndrome and dehumanization syndrome.

Through statistical tests 3 groups of impulsive-aggressive patients were studied: group 1, 100 individuals with temporal dysrhythmia; group 2, 18 individuals with temporal dysrhythmia submitted either to group analytical therapy or to psychoanalysis; group 3, 25 impulsive-aggressive individuals. Moreover the author differentiates between the amygdaloid nucleus and dehumanization syndromes, through psychoanalytical or psychiatric studies, and stresses the importance of the molding periods in relation to social factors (frustration-aggression-injustice). Amygdalotomy of the hippocampus was suggested in special cases.

Aggression↗

PubMed2001

From 'culture of dehumanization of childbirth' to 'childbirth as a transformative experience': changes in five municipalities in north-east Brazil.

Brazil has become a country known as having one of the most extreme examples of the consequences of the hospital-based medicalization of delivery care, while a model of humanization of birth was developed in the State of Ceará in the 1970s. The Government of Japan, through the Japanese International Cooperation Agency (JICA), collaborated with the Federal Ministry of Health of Brazil and the Government of the State of Ceará, in implementing the Maternal and Child Health Improvement Project in north-east Brazil (1996-2001). This project focused on 'humanization of childbirth', with training based intervention activities. Behavioral changes among health professionals who received the project's participatory type of training were described using rapid anthropological assessment procedure (RAP) survey results. Changes from 'a culture of dehumanization of childbirth' to 'childbirth as a transformative experience' were observed.

Brazil↗

PubMed2006

Racism: processes of detachment, dehumanization, and hatred.

The author looks at definitions of racism from the viewpoints of various theoretical frameworks, addressing the role of projection and other phenomena. Racism is then examined according to principles of psychoanalytic relational theory, attachment theory, and radical group analytic theory. Power relationships, the psychosocial process, a sense of us versus them, and the universal importance of a feeling of belonging are also taken into consideration. In examining the meaning of race, the author addresses the notions of black and white and their evolution over time, as well as the phenomenon of othering.

Dehumanization↗

PubMed2004