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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Interrelationships of circulating maternal steroid concentrations in third trimester pregnancies. III. Effect of intravenous cortisol infusion on maternal concentrations of estriol, 16 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, progesterone, 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone, delta 5-pregnenolone, delta5-pregnenolone sulfate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and cortisol.

The effect of a large dose (1000 mg) of iv cortisol-hemisuccinate on circulating steroid concentrations in five women, 28--34 weeks, gestational age, is reported. Maternal concentrations of estriol, 16 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, progesterone, 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone, delta 5-pregnenolone, delta 5-pregnenolone sulfate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and cortisol were measured by RIA before and at 8 and 12 h after iv cortisol infusions at 0 and 8 h. Data were evaluated by repeated measure analysis of variance. Estriol and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone suppressed initially (P less than 0.05) and suppressed further with retreatment and increased treatment time (P less than 0.05). Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and progesterone suppressed initially (P less than 0.05) but did not suppress further with retreatment and increased treatment time (P greater than 0.05). delta 5-Pregnenolone and delta5-pregnenolone sulfate increased initially (P less than 0.05) but did not increase further (P greater than 0.05). Concentrations of 16 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone were unchanged by cortisol infusion initially (P greater than 0.1) and with retreatment and increased treatment time (P greater than 0.1).

20-alpha-Dihydroprogesterone↗
PubMed1976

[A radioimmunoassay method for simultaneous determination of pregnenolone, pregnenolone sulfate, dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in human plasma (author's transl)].

A radioimmunoassay method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of pregnenolone, pregnenolone sulfate, dehydroepiandrosterone(DHA) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHA sulfate). The method consists of the following procedures: 1) ether extraction of unconjugated compounds, 2) extraction of sulfates fromaqueous residue with ethyl acetate, 3) solvolysis with sulfuric acid at 40 degree C for 60 minutes, 4) celite column chromatography to separate individual compounds, 5) radioimmunoassay. Efficiencies of solvolysis for pregnenolone sulfate and DHA sulfate are 94 and 80%, Precision and accuracy studies have shown that the assays of sulfates as well as unconjugates are reproducible and accurate. Specificity was ascertained by parallelism and linearity studies. No interfering substance was detected in appreciable quantity. Plasma levels of these four compounds were determined in specimens obtained from 15 normally ovulating women. To represent the whole menstrual cycle, samples were taken 8 days before LH peak (LH-8), the day of LH peak (LH = O) and 8 days after LG peak (LH+8). Plasma contents of these compounds (geometric mean in ng/ml and 95% confidence limits in parentheses) are as follows: pregnenolone, LH-8: 1.33 (1.02-1.74), LH = 0: 1.45 (1.22-1.72), LH+8: 1.88(1.70-2.21); pregnenolone sulfate, LH-8: 70.0 (55.9-89.2), LH = 0 57.5 (40.0-82.7), LH+8: 102 (81.5-129); DHA, LH-8: 5.38 (3.90-7.43), LH = 0: 4.90 (3.58-6.79), LH+8: 4.58 (3.12-6.83), DHA sulfate, LH-8: 1480 (1110-1980), LH = 0: 1570 (1150-2140), LH+8: 1590 (1150-2190). Both pregnenolone and pregnenolone sulfate levels of 8 days after LH peak are significantly higher than those of other two days. Conversely, plasma DHA and DHA sulfate levels fluctuate over wide range with no consistent trend.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Estrone sulfate and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate concentrations in normal subjects and men with cirrhosis.

Circulation levels of estrone sulfate (E1S) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS) have been measured in plasma using a radioimmunoassay for estrone and dehydroepiandrosterone following extraction and hydrolysis of the sulfate. The mean +/- SE concentrations of E1S and DHAS in normal men were 458 +/- 25 pg/ml and 1.45 +/- 0.19 micrograms/ml, respectively. In normal women the values for days 5-7 of the cycle were 880 +/- 117 pg/ml and 1.25 +/- 0.12 micrograms/ml which were not different than the values for days 20-22 of 1195 +/- 176 pg/ml and 1.58 +/- 0.29 micrograms/ml. The mean values in post-menopausal women were 250 +/- 33 pg/ml and 0.47 +/- 0.07 micrograms/ml, both lower than the values in young women. In a group of cirrhotic men the mean values were 325 +/- 55 pg/ml and 0.38 +/- 0.12 micrograms/ml, both significantly lower than the normal values. This suggests a defect in sulfurylation in men with hepatic cirrhosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate dynamics in obesity.

Dehydroepiandrosterone (D) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DS) dynamics were studied in three obese female subjects following a single injection of [4-14-CA1D and [7 alpha-3-H]-DS tracers. Dynamic parameters were calculated simultaneously by both the urinary and blood method of compartmentalization; Estimates for the urinary secretion and production rates of D were found to be high, and those of DS varied within normal range. Calculation of the conversion factors, rho DDS and rho DSD, by the urinary method revealed a noraml extraglandular DS yields D conversion, while that for D yields DS appeared deficient in obese female subjects. Estimates of inner and outer pool distribution volumes were extremely increased for free D; in contrast to this, moderately increased inner and decreased outer pool volumes of DS were observed. The metabolic clearance rates of D were normal or decreased and those for DS were greater than normal. The blood production rates of both B and DS were higher in obese female subjects than those estimated for normal women in our previous study; These observations suggest a considerable uptake of unconjugated D by adipose tissue, an overall poor D yields DS conversion and an accelerated DS metabolism in obese female subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate loading test in the diagnosis of complicated pregnancies.

To assess placental and fetoplacental function, 50 mg of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate was administered intravenously to 11 normal obstetric patients at 35 to 40 weeks and to 36 high-risk patients at 35 to 43 weeks of pregnancy. Plasma estradiol converted from dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate by the placenta increased in all patients after infusion, with maximal concentrations of 28 to 65 ng per milliliter 30 to 60 minutes after infusion (P less than 0.01). Plasma estetrol, produced by the fetus from estradiol, increased in all patients with maximal concentrations of 0.8 to 3.2 ng per milliliter four hours after infusion (P less than 0.01). In complicated pregnancies a subnormal rise of estradiol and estetrol was highly suggestive of fetal distress whereas a normal rise was associated with no fetal distress. The simultaneous determination of estradiol and estetrol after dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate infusion may reflect placental and fetoplacental function, and may be used as an adjunct to other methods of assessing fetal well-being.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1978

A study on the effect of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate on so-called cervical ripening.

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS) is now used for a dynamic test of placental function by many obstetricians. While practicing this test, the authors found that DHAS markedly promoted so-called "cervical ripening". To study this problem, DHAS of 50 or 100 mg in multiple doses were injected into 132 Japanese pregnant women in their 38th--42nd week of gestation. The change in Bishop score was carefully recorded. Bishop score in the injected groups of primiparae (100 mg) began to rise much sooner than the control groups (p less than 0.01 on seventh day and 14th day). However, such significant difference in the rise of Bishop score was not noted in the multiparae and primiparae with 50 mg. Although the rise of score is not significant, the duration (day) from injection to delivery was shorter in the injected group than the control group (t=2.1529, p less than 0.05 in primiparae with 50 mg, t=3.8829, p less than 0.01 with 100 mg, t=2.1029, p less than 0.05 in multiparae with 50 mg). In some of these cases, labor began or delivery was finished within 24 hrs. Among the factors of Bishop score, mainly the effacement, consistency and dilatation of the cervix were remarkably improved by DHAS injection (p less than 0.01 and less than 0.05). Side effects of any type were not seen in the mothers and foetuses. As a conclusion, DHAS injection in considered to produce favorable conditions for delivery in women with "unripe cervix" by softening the soft birth canal. Furthermore, it is suggested that DHAS might play an important role in triggering labor.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1977

Exploration of the human fetal pituitary adrenal axis: stimulation of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate biosynthesis by homologous pituitary in organ culture.

Adrenals obtained from human abortices at midpregnancy were kept under conditions of tissue culture and the production of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (3beta-hydroxy-5-androsten-17-one, 3-sulfate; DHA-S) monitored by radioimmunoassays for up to 2 weeks. Basal production of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate was considerably higher than that of cortisol. alpha1-24corticotrophin, alpha1-39corticotrophin, (a long acting porcine corticotrophin) at the concentration of 1 mU/ml of culture medium in both instances, and dibutyryl cyclic AMP (1mM) enhanced the production of both steroids some 3 to 30 times above control values. Medium harvested from homologous pituitary cultures had comparable corticotrophic activity. It is concluded that at midpregnancy the regulation of corticoidogenesis implies the existence of a corticotrophic factor either identical or closely related to ACTH.

Dehydroepiandrosterone↗
PubMed1978

Management of congenital adrenal hyperplasia using serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and 17-hydroxyprogesterone concentrations.

Simultaneous serum concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) were compared with urinary 17-ketosteroid (17-KS) and pregnanetriol (PT) excretion during therapy in 18 prepubertal patients with the 21-hydroxylase deficiency form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). Patients were classified into those in good, poor, or questionable control on the basis of clinical examination, skeletal age, and 17-KS and PT excretion. During therapy, use of serum steroid concentrations was found to be nearly as accurate in judging adequacy of control as use of urine steroid concentrations. Of 34 evaluations, a definite assessment of adequacy of control could be arrived at 25 times using urinary values and 22 times using both serum DHEA-S and 17-OHP concentrations. DHEA-S concentration responded sluggishly when treatment was not adequate, being greater than 100 microgram/dl only in patients significantly undertreated. It was never elevated in well-controlled patients. Mid-afternoon 17-OHP concentrations were less than 200 ng/dl in well-controlled patients but readily escaped suppression and could not be used to differentiate poor from borderline control or from temporary noncompliance. Therefore, an increases DHEA-S concentration indicated poor control and a suppressed 17-OHP concentration indicated good control. The combination of normal DHEA-S level with elevated 17-OHP level, however, did not permit exact evaluation of the degree of control. Of significance is that not all patients with CAH present with an elevated DHEA-S concentration, and only in those in whom an elevated level has been documented can DHEA-S level be used as an index of control during therapy.

17-Ketosteroids↗
PubMed1978

Pattern of plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels in humans from birth to adulthood: evidence for testicular production.

Plasma levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS) were measured in 513 normal full term newborns, infants, children, adolescents, and adults and the results were expressed in micrograms per dl. In infancy and childhood, DHAS levels were similar in both sexes. In 74 neonates, mixed cord blood mean values /+- SD were 134.6 +/- 64. During the first day of life, plasma DHAS levels were 140 +/- 125 in 33 neonates. During the first month of life, DHAS decreased drastically, then more progressively until the 6th month of life. Between 1-6 months of age, mean levels were 5.9 +/- 4.7 in 40 children. DHAS was very low between 1-6 yr of life (2.3 +/- 1.6) and rose abruptly at the 7th year of life. Thereafter, DHAS continued to increase correlatively with age and pubertal stages in both sexes, a further increase after age 16 or pubertal stage P5 was noted only in male subjects. In adults, DHAS was significantly higher in male (224 +/- 93) than in female (138.3 +/- 51) subjects. DHAS levels were compared to those of dehydroepiandrosterone; at two periods of life, early infancy and adulthood, their patterns differed. After long term hCG stimulation, DHAS increased significantly in 45 normal prepubertal boys and in 2 boys with adrenal insufficiency. These data would suggest a direct testicular production of DHAS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Estradiol and estetrol plasma levels before and after intravenous administration of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in normal and pathologic pregnancies.

Intravenous injections of 50 mg dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) were given to 7 women with normal pregnancies and 5 with pathologic pregnancies and the serum levels of 17 beta-estradiol and estetrol were assayed before and at 15 or 30-minute intervals for three hours after the injection. All tests were carried out during the 25th to 36th week of amenorrhea. Serum estradiol rose rapidly in normal subjects and remained high to the end of the test. In patients with gestational pathology the estradiol pattern was not significantly different from that of the controls. Esterol plasma levels showed a biphasic pattern with an initial rise at 30 min. and a second rise at 90 min. in normal pregnancies, whereas in pathologic pregnancies this response was either lacking completely or was markedly reduced compared to the controls.

Dehydroepiandrosterone↗
PubMed1976

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DS) levels, a rapid test for abnormal adrenal androgen secretion.

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DS) concentration was measured in the sera of premature and full-term infants and in children throughout puberty. Panhypopituitary, Addisonian, and virilized children were also studied. DS decreased slowly during the first weeks of life from a high level in neonates to the low levels observed between one to five years. After five years of age, DS concentration started to rise. A steeper increase was observed with the onset of puberty, and adult DS concentrations were reached in late puberty. There was no sex difference in DS concentration at any pubertal stage or bone age. Day-to-day variations were small in childhood and during puberty, but were considerable in premature infants. DS concentrations measured at 0900 h were not significantly different from those at 1700 h. There was a positive correlation of serum DS concentrations with the excretion of urinary 17-ketosteroids in boys and girls (r=0.789). Premature infants had DS concentration in or above the late pubertal range. Five panhypopituitary patients and five Addisonian patients had DS concentrations below normal. DS was markedly elevated in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and in one girl with adrenal carcinoma, and was suppressible with dexamethasone in the former. The ease of measurement and the small amount of blood required make serum DS determination a useful guide for adrenal androgen secretion.

17-Ketosteroids↗
PubMed1976

Serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in premature infants and infants with intrauterine growth retardation.

Serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS) was measured by radioimmunoassay in blood samples obtained in 128 ill newborn infants. Serial sampling was carried out in 40 infants. There were wide ranges found in the values in all gestational age groups, and there were not significant differences in the first day of life between DHAS levels in less than 30 week gestation prematures, 6819 +/- 4631 (SD) ng/ml, and near term or term infants, 4307 +/- 1498 ng/ml. Mean DHAS concentrations did not decline over the first three weeks of life in prematures less than 36 weeks gestation. In six infants, age 35-73 days, and 29-34 weeks gestation at birth, the DHAS concentration was 1068 +/- 138 ng/ml. High concentrations were frequent in prematures less than 33 weeks gestation and could be correlated to epiodes of severe clinical stress. There were no significant differences in serum DHAS levels, on the first day of life, between infants with no hyaline membrane disease, nonfatal hyaline membrane disease and fatal hyaline membrane disease. Intrauterine growth retarded (IUGR) infants, who were greater than 35 weeks gestation, had significantly lower (P less than .032) DHAS levels in the first day of life than normally grown infants. The results show that there is a persistence during the postnatal period of the prominent delta5-3beta-hydroxysteroid production by the adrenal cortex characteristic of the fetus. Low concentrations of serum DHAS in IUGR infants suggest that the fetal zone of the neonatal adrenal cortex is a major source of circulating DHAS in the newborn period.

Dehydroepiandrosterone↗
PubMed1975

Circulating concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate during puberty.

In order to quantitate the chronological change in circulating dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DS) levels during the period of sexual maturation, serum DHEA and DS concentration (3-5 PM) in 76 boys and 65 girls (ages 8 to 15) as well as in adult male and female subjects were measured by a specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay technique. Our data show a progressive and parallel increase in serum DHEA and DS concentrations in boys, and adult male levels were reached earlier for DHEA (age 13) than for DS (age 14). From age 8 to adult male, there was a 2.6-fold increase in DHEA (1.52 plus or minus 0.16 ng/ml to 3.91 lus or minus 0.34 ng/ml) and a 7.7-fold increase in DS (0.40 plus or minus 0.08 mug/ml to 3.09 plus or minus 0.36 mug/ml). The rise of DHEA and DS was not in a parallel fashion in girls; while DS rose progressively, DHEA showed an abrupt increase between 11 and 12 yr of age. Adult female range was reached by age 12 for DHEA and by age 15 for DS. From age 8 to adultfemale there was a 2.3-fold increase in DHEA (1.93 plus or minus 0.19 ng/ml to 4.49 plus or minus 0.76 ng/ml) and a 7.5-fold increase in DS (0.29 PLUS OR MINUS 0.05 MUg/ml to 2.17 plus or minus 0.34 mug/ml). The role of increased adrenal androgens inthe sexual development during early stages of puberty is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[Study on metabolic pathway from dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate to estrogen in late pregnancy (author's transl)].

To investigate the metabolic pathway from dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS) to estriol (E3) in late human pregnancy, DHAS (50 to 100 mg) was given intravenously or intraamniotically to 13 volunteers (from cases of normal pregnant women, pregnant women with a live anencephalic fetus, intrauterine fetal death or hydatidiform mole and a patient complicated with cancer of the cervix). Urinary estrogens, serum unconjugated estrogens and urinary dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) and 16alpha-hydroxy-dehydroepiandrosterone (16alpha-OH-DHA) were measured before and after injection. Brown's method (1955) has been used to measure urinary three fractions of estrogens, estrone (E1), estradiol (E2) and estriol (E3). Serum unconjugated estrogens, estrone (SE1), estradiol (SE2) and estriol (SE3) were determined by a radioimmunoassay technique (a modification of the method of Makino, 1973). Urinary DHA and alpha-OH-DHA were separated by a modification of the method of Lakshmanan and Lieberman (1954) and by thin layer chromatography, and estimated by the method of Oertel and Eiknes (1959). Results obtained were as follows: (1) In seven cases of pregnancy with a live anencephalic fetus the excretion of urinary estriol was very low and the ratio of E3/E1+E2 was much less than that in normal pregnancy. (2) In five women with a live anencephalic fetus the effect of intravenously injected DHAS was studied. In each case there was a remarkable in urinary E3, E1 and E2, while no remarkable difference between the ratio of E3/E1+E2 before and after administration of DHAS was found. (3) DHAS was given intraamniotically to two women with a live anencephalic fetus. A greater rise of the ratio of E3/E1+E2 after administration of DHAS was found, compared to the control. (4) DHAS circulating in the maternal organism is converted to E3 largely via a phenolic pathway (DHAS-E1-E3), whereas DHAS circulating within the feto-placental compartment is converted to E3 via both phenolic and neutral intermediates (DHAS-16alpha-OH-DHAS-E3). (5) The ratio of urinary 16alpha-OH-DHA/DHA in pregnancy with a live anencephalic fetus was greater than that in non-pregnant woman. This suggests that 16alpha-hydroxylase activity in pregnancy is elevated. (6) Increases in serum unconjugated E1, E2 and E3 after intravenous administration of DHAS in three pregnant women with a live anencephalic fetus were found.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Intraamniotic or intravenous injection of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in midgestation: effect on prolactin level in maternal serum and amniotic fluid.

The influence of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) on PRL levels in maternal serum and amniotic fluid at midgestation was evaluated in a series of 32 women admitted for midtrimester abortion. Serum was collected hourly for 6 h in 13 women after intraamniotic (ia) instillation (100--200 mg) or in 10 women after iv injection (100 mg) of DHEA-S, and in 9 control women. Serum PRL levels rose significantly (P less than 0.05) 3--6 h after ia and 2--6 h after iv administration of DHEA-S but was unchanged in the control group. The elevation of serum PRL levels is most likely secondary to increased levels of serum estrogens which accompany ia or iv administration of DHEA-S. This suggests that maternal pituitary PRL secretion is responsive to additional stimulation by endogenous estrogens at midgestation. The amniotic fluid PRL level ranged from 1109-2473 ng/ml, with no consistent change after administration of ia DHEA-S, intimating that estrogens may not be implicated in the control of PRL in amniotic fluid.

Amnion↗