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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Time, human being and mental health care: an introduction to Gilles Deleuze.

The French philosopher, Gilles Deleuze, is emerging as one of the most important and influential philosophers of the 20th century, having published widely on philosophy, literature, language, psychoanalysis, art, politics, and cinema. However, because of the 'experimental' nature of certain works, combined with the manner in which he draws upon a variety of sources from various disciplines, his work can seem difficult, obscure, and even 'willfully obstructive'. In an attempt to resist such impressions, this paper will seek to provide an accessible introduction to Deleuze's work, and to begin to discuss how it can be employed to provide a significant critique and reconceptualization of the theoretical foundations and therapeutic practices of psychiatry, psychotherapy, and mental health nursing. In order to do this, the paper will focus upon Deleuze's masterwork, and the cornerstone to his philosophy as a whole, Difference and Repetition; in particular, it will discuss how his innovative and challenging account of time can be employed to provide a conception of human life as a 'continuity', rather than as a series of distinct 'moments' or 'events'. As well as discussing the manner in which his work can provide us with an understanding of how life is different and significant for each human being, this paper will also highlight the potential importance of Deleuze's work for logotherapy, for the recent 'turn' to 'narrative' as a psychotherapeutic approach and for contemporary mental health care's growing interest in 'social constructionism'. As such, this paper also seeks to stimulate further discussion and research into the importance and the relevance of Deleuze's work for the theory and practice of psychiatry, psychotherapy, and mental health nursing.

France↗
PubMed2006

Gilles Deleuze: psychiatry, subjectivity, and the passive synthesis of time.

Abstract Although 'modern' mental health care comprises a variety of theoretical approaches and practices, the supposed identification of 'mental illness' can be understood as being made on the basis of a specific conception of subjectivity that is characteristic of 'modernity'. This is to say that any perceived 'deviation' from this characteristically 'modern self' is seen as a possible 'sign' of 'mental illness', given a 'negative determination', and conceptualized in terms of a 'deficiency' or a 'lack'; accordingly, the 'ideal''therapeutic' aim of 'modern' mental health care can be understood as the 'rectification' of that 'deficiency' through a 're-instatement' of the 'modern self'. Although contemporary mental health care is increasingly becoming influenced by the so-called 'death' of the 'modern self', this paper will suggest that it is the work of the 20th century French philosopher, Gilles Deleuze, that is able to provide mental health care with a coherent determination of a 'post-modern self'. However, a Deleuzian account of subjectivity stands in stark contrast to 'modernity's' conception of subjectivity and, as such, this paper will attempt to show how this 'post-modern' subjectivity challenges many of the assumptions of 'modern' mental health care. Moreover, acknowledging the complexity and the perceived difficulty of Deleuze's work, this paper will provide an account of subjectivity that can be understood as 'Deleuzian' in its orientation, rather than 'Deleuze's theory of subjectivity', and therefore, this paper also seeks to stimulate further research and discussion of Deleuze's work on subjectivity, and how that work may be able to inform, and possibly even reform, the theoretical foundations and associated diagnostic and therapeutic practices of psychiatry, psychotherapy, and mental health nursing.

Existentialism↗
PubMed2004

[Concept dimension for nursing and Deleuze].

The study aimed at identifying and analyzing the meaning of concept according to Deleuze, in Philosophy, and Rodgers, in Nursing. Based on an extract of reality, Deleuze creates the concept and calls it "plan of immanence". For Rodgers, in nursing, the concept emerges at the actual moment one wishes to construct the conceptual bases for Nursing. The authors demonstrate that, although Deleuze and Rodgers come from different areas, the meaning they attribute to concept shares the happening of things and beings, which reflect the experienced reality. For Rodgers, the concept is characterized by its essential elements while, for Deleuze, by what he called components, that is, by essence.

Concept Formation↗
PubMed2002

A genealogy of the social identity tradition: Deleuze and Guattari and social psychology.

This paper explores how social psychology has theorized the relationship between the individual and society. This is done through a genealogical analysis of the Social Identity Tradition (SIT). It is argued that the current state of SIT is profoundly shaped by a range of intellectual and moral strategies derived from the work of Henri Tajfel. This 'Tajfel effect' manifests itself as a way of settling theoretical, practical and moral disputes through the invocation of Tajfel as a founding figure. However, this strategy also ties SIT into a model of the subject and an understanding of society that is increasingly seen as problematic. The paper then goes on to show how a range of core concepts at the heart of SIT may be usefully reformulated by drawing on the work of Deleuze and Guattari. Their work offers SIT a way of thinking about individuals and groups as sites for connection and differentiation. This is illustrated using the example of Nazi social relations that was originally deployed by Tajfel. Potential issues and direction for SIT as reinvigorated by the encounter with Deleuze and Guattari are then sketched out.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

The rhizome and the tree: a response to Holmes and Gastaldo.

This paper both welcomes and explores the recent article in Nursing Philosophy by Dave Holmes and Denize Gastaldo. Holmes and Gastaldo's paper introduced us to Deleuze and Guattari's philosophical concepts of 'arborescent thought' and 'rhizomatic thought', respectively. These concepts were used to illuminate and critique certain aspects of contemporary nursing theory and educational practice. Arborescent thought is held to stifle and constrain the development of the discipline of nursing, while rhizomatic thought is presented as a more fitting way forward across a diversity of knowledges and methods of inquiry. We are thus urged to engage in a metamorphosis from an arborescent way of thinking to a rhizomatic one. The paper below, while applauding the introduction of these concepts into nursing thought, raises some questions as to their proposed utility and relationship as given in the paper by Holmes and Gastaldo. This is done in a spirit of collaboration, motivated by a desire to further explore the philosophy of Gilles Deleuze (and Felix Guattari).

Humans↗
PubMed2005

AIDS and its treatments: two doctors' narratives of healing, desire, and belonging.

In this essay, I analyze two memoirs--Rafael Campo's The Poetry of Healing: A Doctor's Education in Empathy, Identity, and Desire and Abraham Verghese's My Own Country: A Doctor's Story of a Town and Its People in the Age of AIDS--which describe the effects of treating HIV/AIDS on each doctor's identity, on his desire for community and belonging, and on his identification and/or disidentification with the medical profession in the United States. My readings of Campo and Verghese revolve around three key terms provided by Campo's subtitle: identity, empathy, and desire. I shift the order of these terms in Campo's subtitle because I want to read identity, empathy, and desire in Campo and Verghese through and along with the theoretical "pragmatics" of Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2006

Disability, connectivity and transgressing the autonomous body.

This paper explores the interconnectedness of persons with disabilities, technologies and the environment by problematizing Western notions of the independent, autonomous subject. Drawing from Deleuze and Guattari's reconfiguration of the static subject as active becoming, prevailing discourses valorizing independence are critiqued as contributing to the marginalization of bodies marked as disabled. Three examples of disability "dependencies"-man-dog, man-machine, and woman-woman connectivities-are used to illustrate that subjectivity is partial and transitory. Disability connectivity thus serves a signpost for an expanded understanding of subjectivity and suggests a radically altered ethics that is no longer premised on individual rights.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed2005

Towards a geology of evidence-based practice--a discussion paper.

We begin this paper with a consideration of the significance of a historical perspective in presentations of evidence-based practice in the nursing and medical literature. We suggest that whereas writers often produce coherent historical narratives as justification for particular views of the nature of EBP, an examination of its origins reveals no such signs of historical development or progress in our conception or understanding of it. We then explore alternative modes of thought for attempting to understand and critique the variety of definitions and descriptions of EBP to be found in the literature. We eventually reject the linear mode of historical thinking in favour of Deleuze's notion of rhizomatic thought and the metaphor of geology. Finally, we employ the rhizomatic mode of thinking and writing to construct a geology of evidence-based practice which attempts to expose and embrace contradictions in definitions and uses of the term rather than discount them in an authorised historical narrative written from the perspective of the dominant discourse.

Benchmarking↗
PubMed2004

Taking care of business: self-help and sleep medicine in american corporate culture.

This article argues that corporate management in the United States has expanded its scope beyond office walls and encompasses many aspects of workers' daily lives. One new element of corporate training is the micromanagement of sleep; self-help books, newspaper reports, magazine articles, and consulting firms currently advise workers and supervisors on optimizing productivity by cultivating certain sleep habits. Although consultants and self-help books make specific recommendations about sleep, most medical research is inconclusive about sleep's benefits for human performance. Using the ideas of Michel Foucault and Gilles Deleuze as a philosophical backdrop, this article examines the complex and often contradictory links between self-help, medicine, and corporate governance.

Efficiency, Organizational↗
PubMed2004

The historical role of hypnosis in the theoretical origins of transference.

There has been a gradual evolution of the important construct of transference from ancient to modern times. Long before Franz Anton Mesmer, there were philosophers, theorists, and health professionals who emphasized the impact of interpersonal relationships on well-being and illness. While basically conceptualizing animal magnetism as a dynamic physical fluid, Mesmer was also aware of the impact of rapport and affect in the enhancement of magnetic treatment. Later neo-mesmerists, notably Puységur and Deleuze, built on such theories. That emphasis continued through the 19th century to the time of Freud, whose construct of transference was derived from his personal experience with hypnosis and which has since become an integral part of modern psychodynamic theory and treatment.

Austria↗
PubMed2000

The surveillant assemblage.

George Orwell's 'Big Brother' and Michel Foucault's 'panopticon' have dominated discussion of contemporary developments in surveillance. While such metaphors draw our attention to important attributes of surveillance, they also miss some recent dynamics in its operation. The work of Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari is used to analyse the convergence of once discrete surveillance systems. The resultant 'surveillant assemblage' operates by abstracting human bodies from their territorial settings, and separating them into a series of discrete flows. These flows are then reassembled in different locations as discrete and virtual 'data doubles'. The surveillant assemblage transforms the purposes of surveillance and the hierarchies of surveillance, as well as the institution of privacy.

Confidentiality↗
PubMed2005

The anatomy of a forbidden desire: men, penetration and semen exchange.

The rising popularity of unprotected anal sex (bareback sex) among men who have sex with men (MSM) is perplexing healthcare providers working in sexual health clinics. Epidemiological research on the topic overlooks several socio-cultural and psychological dimensions. Our research attempts to construct an appropriate theoretical edifice by which we can understand this sexual practice. In order to achieve this objective, a qualitative design was selected and 18 semiconductive in-depth interviews were carried out with barebackers from five European and North American cities. We then analyzed the data using two theoretical approaches that were sensitive to the issues of desire, transgression and pleasure. These theories are those of the late French psychoanalyst, Jacques Lacan, and those of poststructural thinkers, Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari. These theoretical frameworks helped shed light on the significance of bareback sex, and can potentially influence healthcare providers in gaining a better understanding not only of their clients, but also of their own role in the circuitry of desire at work within bareback. We found that while the exchange of semen constitutes a dangerous and irrational practice to healthcare professionals, it is nevertheless a significant variable in the sexual lives of barebackers that needs to be taken into consideration in the provision of healthcare services.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed2004

Rhizomatic thought in nursing: an alternative path for the development of the discipline.

For decades, nursing as a discipline has tried to establish itself within the socio-professional and the socio-political arenas. To date, several theorists have attempted to thoroughly define the essence (ontology) of nursing while others have proposed means (syntax) to achieve this "collective" objective. Considering that this preoccupation, rooted in essentialism, is pervasive in the nursing literature, our claim is that these quests should be criticized because they impede innovative and transdisciplinary approaches to nursing theory. Our criticism includes the perspective supported by the so-called "postmodern nursing theorists". We argue that the oeuvre of some nursing postmodern scholars is as prescriptive and linear as the ones they critique. Like it was done before, the discourse of these thinkers perpetuates the status quo by excluding alternative forms of knowledge that cross the boundaries of the discipline of nursing. Using the work of Deleuze and Guattari, this paper proposes an alternative way to conceive the development of nursing knowledge, which, we think, could represent an alternative way to explore the discipline of nursing.

Humans↗
PubMed2006

Evidence, virulence, and the disappearance of nursing knowledge: A critique of the evidence-based dogma.

CONTEXT: Within the domain of health care, the new discourse of evidence-based practice has appeared and gained momentum, giving rise to a plethora of correlates such as specialized scientific journals and best practice guidelines. Following the crowd, nursing has jumped onto this trend's bandwagon. Although some scholars and clinicians have tried to expand these notions, few have considered a deconstructive approach to do so. APPROACH: Drawing on the works of continental postmodern thinkers such as Baudrillard, Deleuze & Guattari, and Foucault, this paper critically examines the rise of the evidence-based nursing (EBN) movement in order to deconstruct the "taken-for-granted" assumption that EBN is in and of itself the favored path to the sound development of nursing knowledge. DISCUSSION: We argue against the hierarchical differentiation of varied research approaches so as to allow diverse methodologies to guide research and ultimately practice. The status quo is challenged, where research agendas are currently dominated by one paradigm of knowledge development; that of post-positivism in which randomized control trials are portrayed as superior evidence. There is a hazard in excluding many other venues to build nursing knowledge and in oversimplifying the complexity of clinical nursing practice. Furthermore, we argue that this preferred path of knowledge development contradicts nursing academics' efforts to distance itself from the medical model of health care provision and research.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2006

Health identities: from expert patient to resisting consumer.

This article explores the formation of 'health identities': embodied subjectivities that emerge out of complex psychosocial contexts of reflexive modernity, in relation to data on health and illness practices among groups of people and patients using medical technologies including weight-loss drugs and the erectile dysfunction drug sildenafil (Viagra). We examine a range of health identities, from the 'expert patient'--a person who broadly adopts a biomedical model of health and illness, to a 'resisting consumer', who fabricates a health identity around lay experiential models of health and the body. The understanding of health identities is developed within a theoretical framework drawing on previous work on body/self and the work of Deleuze and Guattari. It is concluded that the constellation of health identities reflects the diversity of relations in an industrialized, technology-driven, consumer-oriented and media-saturated society.

Anti-Obesity Agents↗