The VA health care delivery system and national health insurance.
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Health planning such as consolidation and closure of facilities and services to contain costs often contradicts rural populations' needs for increased access to better or even basic services/Model programs to meet these needs are discussed.
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We hypothesized that telemedicine -- medicine practiced from a distance using telecommunications -- can solve some problems related to the scarcity and maldistribution of specialists in critical care medicine. Using a two-way audiovisual link between a small private hospital and a large university medical center, we have provided daily consultations by an intensivist to patients in the small institution. During the first 175 days of the project we found: 1) regular consultations in critical care can be provided using the audiovisual link; 2) current technology is adequate but expensive; 3) telemedicine consultations can be made acceptable to users and providers; 4) telemedicine can be a valuable educational resource; 5) telemedicine can influence the process and probably the outcome of patient care; 6) the audiovisual link is superior to the telephone for these consultations; and 7) telemedicine can serve as an important link between a small hospital and a large medical center favorably influencing the quality of care in the critical care unit of the small hospital.
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Recognizing the needs of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), the federal government passed legislation in 1972, establishing Medicare coverage for 92 per cent of the diseased victims regardless of age. However, federal health planners did not in many areas, take into account what was already being accomplished on the state and local level. As a result, the implementation of the provision has created complications of its own. This case study of New Jersey illustrates that until existent informal health delivery networks are incorporated into federal health planning, the taxpayer and health care consumer will not get the most mileage for his or her dollar.
Formerly Belgium's Catholic hospitals prospered within a system based on collectivized financing and individualistic service delivery patterns. Now faced with decreasing vocations, the religious congregations and the national Catholic hospital association are working toward a comprehensive health care delivery system in which laypersons' role is expanded and regional activities are coordinated.
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