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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Cluster analysis of Dendrobium by RAPD and design of specific primer for Dendrobium candidum].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the genetic relationship of Dendrobium and design a specific primer to differentiate Dendrobium candidum effectively. METHOD: Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used to analyze the genetic relationships of 26 species of Dendrobium and one species of Ephemerantha. Dendrogram was constructed by UPGMA. According to the sequence of DNA fragment selected, Sangon 18 primer had been extended from 3' extreme to 20 bp in order to form a specific primer. RESULT AND CONCLUSION: This primer can be used to distinguish Dendrobium candidum from other Dendrobium effectively. Such a technique provides a new way for the identification of Chinese traditional medicines.

Cluster Analysis↗
PubMed2002

[Comparative study of tissue cultured Dendrobium protocorm with natural Dendrobium candidum on immunological function].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the immunological function and acute toxicity of the tissue cultured protocorm from Dendrobium candidum with natural medicinal materials from Dendrobium candidum. METHODS: The effect on immunological function was examined by counting white blood cells, weighing the weight of immune organs, and using carbon granules clearance and lymphocyte transformation test in mice treated with cyclophospamide. The acute toxicity was studied by giving maximum tolerated dose. RESULTS: The tissue cultured protocorm could increase the quantity of white blood cells, the ratios of thymus weight to body weight and spleen weight to body weight, promote the function of phagocytes and enhance the lymphocyte transformation rate. The mice could tolerate the dose of 54.56 g/kg(dried herbs) by oral administration. The functions were similar to those of natural medicinal materials from Dendrobium candidum. CONCLUSION: Both tissue cultured protocorm and natural medicinal materials from Dendrobium candidum could improve immunological function with similar potency. The maximum tolerated dose was 227 times as high as the effective clinical.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2004

Bioguided fractionation and isolation of free radical scavenging components from in vitro propagated chinese medicinal plants Dendrobium tosaense Makino and Dendrobium moniliforme SW.

This study was performed to investigate the free radical scavenging active components from in vitro propagated medicinal herbs of the genus Dendrobium, namely, Dendrobium tosaense Makino and Dendrobium moniliforme SW, using a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical antioxidative assay. Seeds of the capsules derived after 12 weeks of hand-pollination germinated asymbiotically (50-74%) on half-strength Murashige and Skoog's (MS) basal medium with 3% sucrose and solidified with 0.9% Difco agar. Active growth in the germinated seedlings was achieved by reculturing on full-strength MS basal medium supplemented with 8% banana homogenate, 8% potato homogenate, 8% coconut water, 1.5% sucrose, and 0.9% Difco agar. Healthy plantlets transferred to plastic trays containing moss or moss and tree fern successfully acclimatized (84-100%) in the greenhouse. Extracts were prepared from plants grown in the greenhouse for a period of 6 months. Methanolic extracts of D. tosaense and D. moniliforme scavenged DPPH at 95.9 and 83.4%, respectively, at a concentration of 0.4 mg/mL. Therefore, methanolic solubles of D. tosaense and D. moniliforme were subjected to bioguided fractionation and separation by column chromatographic methods individually. After chromatographic separation of these crude extracts, the obtained fractions (Dm 1, Dm 2, Dm 3, Dt 1, Dt 2, and Dt 3) were tested for their activity. Among them, fractions Dm 2 and Dt 1 showed significant antioxidant activity by DPPH radical antioxidative assay. Active fractions were purified further by column chromatography and resulted in identification of the antioxidant components alkyl ferulates from D. moniliforme and quercetin from D. tosaense.

Biphenyl Compounds↗
PubMed2006

[Comparison of chemical compositions between Dendrobium candidum and Dendrobium nobile].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the chemical compositions between Dendrobium candidum (D. candidum) and Dendrobium nobile (D. nobile). METHOD: Relative area and content of every chromatographic peak in the ammonic chloroform extracts of D. candidum were compared with those of D. nobile with high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS: The relative area of alkaloids accounted for 2.34% and 41.87% in D. candidum and D. nobile, respectively. The relative area of 25 identical compositions took up 97.12% in the total area of D. candidum and 50.09% in that of D. nobile, and contents of 23 composition were higher in D. candidum than those in D. nobile. CONCLUSIONS: The quantity and contents of alkaloids are remarkably different between D. candidum and D. nobile. However, D. candidum has a higher quality than D. nobile in terms of the same chemical compositions.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed2002

[Molecular authentication of Dendrobium chrysanthum from its allied species of Dendrobium].

OBJECTIVE: To define molecular characters to distinguish D. chrysanthum from its allied species D. primulinum, D. lituiflorum, D. aphyllum, D. crepidatum. METHOD: The molecular characteristics of D. chrysanthum and its allied species were compared. The sequences of rDNA ITS regions were exploited to explore the evidence for authentication D. chrysanthum and its allied species. RESULT: Although the morphological difference was slight, the sequence difference of ITS regions among five rDNAs was obvious and stable. Fifteen sites of ITS region were defined as DNA character to identify D. chrysanthum from the other four allied species. CONCLUSION: The difference of rDNA ITS sequences can be used to authenticate accurately D. chrysanthum from three allied species of Dendrobium.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2005

[Molecular identification of medicinal plants: Dendrobium chrysanthum, Dendrobium fimbriatum and their morphologically allied species by PCR-RFLP analyses].

AIM: To establish a simple method for molecular identification of original plants of D. chrysanthum and D. fimbriatum using molecular marker rDNA ITS region. METHODS: Restriction patterns of ITS fragments were obtained using PCR-RFLP method. The PCR products of D. chrysanthum and its morphologically allied species were digested at 37 degrees C by Cla I and Apa LI, those of D. fimbriatum and its morphologically allied species were digested by Sph I. RESULTS: D. chrysanthum, D. fimbriatum and their morphologically allied species could be identified by predicted restriction profiles of PCR-RFLP. The botanical origin of twenty-five fresh samples of "Shihu" collected in markets was identified by this method. CONCLUSION: The results showed that PCR-RFLP analysis of the rDNA ITS region is a feasible, simple and inexpensive method for determining the botanical origin of the traditional Chinese medicine "Shihu".

DNA, Plant↗
PubMed1991

[Studies on the effects of fungi on the course of seed germination of Dendrobium lohohens and Dendrobium candidum].

This paper reports the results of studies on the effects of fungi isolated from the protocorms of Orchidaceae on the course of seed germination of D. lohohens and D. candidum. The experiments revealed that these fungi could promote seed germination: the seed germination rate of D. lohohens was 20%, that of D. candidum was 64%, and that of control was zero. The changes of cell ultrastructure in the course of fungus-infected seed germination of D. candidum was also studied. After hyphae of M. osmundicola penetrate the embryo from the suspensor, organelles of embryonic cells infected with fungi will disappear. When the hyphae wall is thickened and enclosed by the embryo's, the hyphae will be digested and used as the source of nutrition for seed germination. Also, the metabolism of cells without infection, but adjacent to those cells penetrated by hyphae is enhanced.

Fungi↗
PubMed1990

[The status of Yunnan Dendrobium drugs and their botanical origin].

The commercial standards of Dendrobium medicinal materials in Yunnan are very complicated. 1. The principal commodities of these materials include: 1. Xi-fengdou (spiral Dendrobium): They are divided into three classes, i.e. 1, 2 and 3, but recently Diaolan-fengdou (rough spiral Dendrobium) was discovered. 2. Huangcao (yellow herb Dendrobium): They are classified as Xi-huangcao (slender Dendrobium), Cu-huangcao (thick Dendrobium), Bian-huangcao (oblet Dendrobium), Xiaogua-auangcao (littlemelon Dendrobium) and Xian-huangcao (freshly Dendrobium). 2. nonprincipal Huangcao commodities in Yunnan include: Cha-huangcao (branch Dendrobium), Xianggun-huangcao (stick Dendrobium) and Yougua-huangcao (melon Dendrobium).

China↗
PubMed2004

Accurate identification of closely related Dendrobium species with multiple species-specific gDNA probes.

About 63 species of Dendrobium are identified in China, making the identification of the origin of a particular Dendrobium species on the consumer market very difficult. We report evaluation of multiple species-specific probes screened from genomic DNA for closely related Dendrobium species identification, based on DNA array hybridization. Fourteen species-specific probes were screened from five closely related Dendrobium species, D. aurantiacum Kerr, D. officinale Kimura et Migo, D. nobile Lindl., D. chrysotoxum Lindl. and D. fimbriatum Hook., based on the SSH-Array technology we developed. Various commercial Dendrobium samples and unrelated samples were definitely identified. The specificity and accuracy of the multiple species-specific probes for species identification was assessed by identifying various commercial Dendrobium samples (Herba Dendrobii). Hybridization patterns of these multiple probes on digested genomic DNAs of Dendrobium species indicated that there are distinct polymorphic sequence fragment in the higher eukaryotes. This is the first report on detection and utilization of multiple species-specific probes of Dendrobium in whole genomic DNA, and this could be useful tools not only for a new technical platform for the closely related species identification but also for epidemiological studies on higher eukaryotes.

DNA↗
PubMed2004

In vitro propagation by asymbiotic seed germination and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity studies of tissue culture raised plants of three medicinally important species of dendrobium.

A simple and efficient plant propagation system has been developed by asymbiotic germination of seeds in three medicinally important Dendrobium species, namely, Dendrobium tosaense, Dendrobium moniliforme, and Dendrobium linawianum. Plants obtained from natural habitats were grown in the greenhouse. The flowers were hand pollinated. Seeds of the capsules derived after 12 weeks of hand-pollination germinated asymbiotically (50-74%) on half strength Murashige and Skoog's (MS) basal medium with 3% sucrose and solidified with 0.9% Difco agar. Active growth in the germinated seedlings was achieved by re-culturing on full strength MS basal medium supplemented with 8% banana homogenate, 8% potato homogenate, 8% coconut water, 1.5% sucrose and 0.9% Difco agar. Healthy plantlets, transferred to plastic trays containing moss or moss and tree fern, successfully acclimatized (84-100%) in the greenhouse. A marked varied response was observed in the free radical scavenging activity of methanolic extracts of in vitro propagated plants, on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical using a UV spectrophotometer assay. Methanolic extracts were prepared by dissolving the powdered plant material, obtained from six months old in vitro propagated plants, each about 5 g, in boiling methanol. The percentage of scavenging effect of D. tosaense extract was 95.9% at 0.4 mg/ml concentration, whereas D. monoliforme, and D. linawianum extracts scavenged 83.4% and 92.3%, respectively, at a concentration of 0.4 mg/ml. All the extracts scavenged DPPH radical significantly in a concentration dependent manner.

Biphenyl Compounds↗
PubMed2002

[Database establishment of the whole rDNA ITS region of Dendrobium species of "fengdou" and authentication by analysis of their sequences].

AIM: To establish the whole rDNA ITS region sequence database of various Dendrobium species of "Fengdou" and to authenticate exactly the inspected species of "Fengdou". METHODS: The rDNA ITS regions of various Dendrobium species of "Fengdou" were amplified and sequenced. The database of their rDNA ITS regions was established in order to authenticate the inspected species by means of the softwares of CLUSTRAL and MEGA which were used to analyze the rDNA ITS region. RESULTS: A database of the rDNA ITS sequences of 21 species of Dendrobium has been established. The notable and stable differences of the interspecies of the rDNA ITS regions have been demonstrated. The numbers of transitions and transversions among 21 species are 11-122. The variable sites are 341 while the informative sites are 195. The ITS sequence differences between the outgroup species (Pholidota yunnanensis) and species of "Fengdou" are obvious. The numbers of transitions and transversions are 131-161. The population differences of the rDNA ITS region of various species of "Fengdou" are very small (0-6). CONCLUSION: On the basis of the database of various Dendrobium species of "Fengdou" and two genetics software, the botanical origin of the inspected species of "Fengdou" has been authenticated successfully by sequencing the rDNA ITS regions.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2005

[Application of FTIR spectroscopy to the analysis of eleven kinds of Dendrobium].

OBJECTIVE: To establish an FTIR method for the analysis of Dendrobium. METHOD: Using fourier transform infrared spectrometer to record the characteristic spectra of eleven samples of Dendrobium, and to compare the spectra by PCA (principal component analysis). RESULT: The FTIR spectra of the upper part of the stem displayed significant differences between fresh and dried samples of Dendrobium. On the other hand, differences were observed in the spectra of the middle and lower parts of stems of D. guangxieuse when compared to other species. CONCLUSION: The method of applying PCA to FTIR analysis is a rapid and dependable method for comparing samples of Dendrobium.

Dendrobium↗
PubMed2001

Authentication of medicinal Dendrobium species by the internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA.

Herba Dendrobii (Shihu) is a commonly used Chinese medicine derived from the stem of several orchid species belonging to the genus Dendrobium. It is rather expensive and adulteration is frequent. Proper authentication of the medicinal species is necessary to protect consumers and support conservation measures. DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS 2) of 16 Dendrobium species were shown to be significantly different from one another by an average of 12.4% and from non-orchids and Pholidota (an adulterant of Shihu) by 29.8% and 18.8%, respectively. The intra-specific variation among the Dendrobium species studied was only about 1%. Therefore, ITS 2 regions could be adopted as a molecular marker for differentiating medicinal Dendrobium species from one another and also from non-orchids and adulterants.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2005

Cloning and expression of a novel cDNA encoding a mannose-binding lectin from Dendrobium officinale.

Using RNA extracted from Dendrobium officinale young leaves and primers designed according to the conservative regions of orchidaceae lectins, the full-length cDNA of Dendrobium officinale agglutinin2 (DOA2) was cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The full-length cDNA of doa2 was 777 bp and contained a 513 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a lectin precursor of 170 amino acids. Through comparative analysis of doa2 gene and its deduced amino acid sequence with those of other orchidaceae species and Amaryllidaceae species, it was found that DOA2 had many common characters of mannose-binding lectin superfamily including three mannose-binding sites. Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that doa2 mRNA expression was detected in all tested tissues including root, stem and leaf, however, the expression was higher in stem, and lower in leaf. As the doa2 mRNA was detected in all the tested plant tissues, the doa2 was considered to be a constitutively expressed gene. The recombinant protein was expressed in E. coli and purified. Anti-fungal assay showed that DOA2 has anti-fungal activity towards Gibberella zeae. To our knowledge, this is the first report on cDNA cloning of mannose binding lectin from Dendrobium officinale.

Agglutinins↗
PubMed2003

DNA microarray for identification of the herb of dendrobium species from Chinese medicinal formulations.

A DNA microarray for detecting processed medicinal Dendrobium species (Herba Dendrobii) was constructed by incorporating the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequences of 16 Dendrobium species on a glass slide. Using fluorescence-labeled ITS2 sequences as probes, distinctive signals were obtained for the five medicinal Dendrobium species listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The established microarray was able to detect the presence of D. nobile in a Chinese medicinal formulation containing nine herbal components.

DNA, Plant↗
PubMed2006

Differentiation of Dendrobium species used as "Huangcao Shihu" by rDNA ITS sequence analysis.

The genus Dendrobium Sw. is composed of 74 species and two varieties in China, and 32 species carry the name "Huangcao Shihu" on the herbal medicine market, making the identification of the origin of "Huangcao Shihu" difficult for consumers. Here, the ITS regions were sequenced and evaluated to differentiate the 18 Dendrobium species used as "Huangcao Shihu". Diversity in DNA sequences among various species was found with the inter-specific sequence divergence ranging from 3.2% to 37.9% in ITS1 and 5.0% to 26.6% in ITS2. Moreover, the variations within species were very low, ranging in sequence divergence from 0 to 3.0% in ITS1 and 0 to 4.0% in ITS2. Therefore, these species could be easily distinguished at the DNA level. Furthermore, based on the divergent ITS regions, five pairs of species-specific primers were designed and used for the rapid PCR identification of five Dendrobium species listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.

DNA, Plant↗