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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

Composite materials for dental implants.

The requirements of endosteal dental implants are unique and stringent. The materials currently applied to implantation do not offer convincing evidence of satisfying these needs. This preliminary study reports on attempts at developing materials which would aid in obtaining a mucosal seal to maintain the integrity of the osseous, periosteal, and submucosal compartments from the oral environment and the attachment to bone as related to stress distribution. The materials that were under study were ceramic bonded to base metals and Dacron.

Aluminum↗
PubMed2026

The use of diode laser and scalpel blade in stage-two dental implant surgery: a comparative study.

OBJECTIVE: The use of lasers in dental implant procedures raises questions regarding the preservation of keratinized tissues and implant outcomes. This study aimed to compare the clinical effects (pain and impression time) and soft tissue healing (keratinization, peri-implant probing, bleeding, and healing) of diode lasers and scalpels used during stage-two dental implant surgery. METHOD AND MATERIALS: A prospective randomized clinical trial with a 1:1 allocation ratio was conducted. The study included 30 patients, each with a single, fully osseointegrated implant. Patients were categorized into two groups. The study group underwent stage-two implant surgery using a 970-nm diode laser. In the control group, implants were exposed using a conventional surgical blade. A comparison between the diode laser and conventional scalpel groups was made based on clinical outcomes (pain and impression time) and soft tissue healing (keratinization, peri-implant probing, bleeding, and healing). Data were analyzed using a paired t test. RESULTS: Pain intensity significantly decreased from immediate postoperative to 7 days in both scalpel (49.87 ± 6.78, t = 28.48, df = 14, P .001) and diode laser (7.67 ± 7.58, t = 3.91, df = 14, P = .002) groups. Immediately after surgery, pain scores were significantly higher in the scalpel group compared with the diode laser group (94.53 ± 4.45 vs 46.93 ± 5.85, t = 25.076, df = 26.151, P .001). Although pain decreased in both groups by day 7, the scalpel group continued to exhibit significantly greater pain (44.67 ± 5.96 vs 39.27 ± 3.73, t = 2.974, df = 23.513, P = .007). Impression time (P = .231) and gingival keratinized tissue (P = .736) did not differ significantly between the scalpel and diode laser approaches. At week 6, the scalpel group exhibited a significantly higher mean peri-implant bleeding index (2.60 ± 0.507) compared with the laser group (0.07 ± 0.258, P .001). However, after 12 weeks, no significant difference was observed (1.58 ± 0.19 vs 1.55 ± 0.21, P = .748). Laser surgery produced significantly better early wound healing at all intervals (P .001), while intraoperative bleeding was more common with the scalpel technique than with the diode laser (100.0% vs 66.7%, P = .042). CONCLUSION: Compared with the scalpel method, the diode laser method resulted in a significant reduction in pain intensity, improved wound healing, and less peri-implant bleeding during the stage-two dental implant surgery.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

The mechanical behavior of LTI carbon dental implants.

LTI pyrolytic carbon blade-type dental implants consisting of a graphite substrate and an LTI pyrolytic carbon coating have a strength that increases with the coating thickness. For implants having a coating thickness of about 0.03 in., average fracture loads of about 1500 lb and 230 lb were obtained in axial compressive loading and eccentric loading (e.g., axial compressive loading plus a bending moment), respectively. Depending on the type of loading, the maximum stresses in the graphite substrate were calculated to be very close to its compressive or tensile fracture strength. Also studied was the effect of a variety of defects on the overall strength of the implants.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The influence of functional use of endosseous dental implants on the tissue-implant interface. II. Clinical aspects.

Functional and non-functional endosseous dental implants were clinically compared in beagle mandibles for up to one year post-operatively. Differing biomechanical conditions led to clinical differences between functional and non-functional implants. Typical clinical tests, however, did not always reveal detailed histological differences between implant-tissue interfaces of functional and non-funcional implants.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1979

Carbon-coated subperiosteal dental implants for fixed and movable prostheses.

Subperiosteal dental implants are not intended to replace conventional dentistry but provide an alternative method of treatment for the patient who cannot otherwise tolerate a dental prosthesis. Success can be achieved in the maxillae and in the mandible without the risk of serious complications. There are good prospects for a long-term favorable prognosis when appropriate surgical and prosthodontic criteria are observed.

Carbon↗
PubMed1977

Biocompatibility of polysulfone composite materials for dental implant.

As a part of the work designed to find a material suitable for a dental implant, tissue reaction of various kinds of polysulfone composite materials has first been studied by implantation in the femur of rats and in the mandible of rabbits. Histological examination showed that the porous polysulfone composite containing 20 wt.% of tricalcium phosphate exhibited a favorable osteogenesis. The tooth replica implants made of this composite material were inserted into the extraction sockets of dogs. During 5.5 months of observation, horizontal or diagonal orientation of periodontal fibers, no epithelization, and no alveolar bone resorption were noted. This study suggests a promising feasibility of the polysulfone-calcium phosphate composite material as a dental implant material.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Clinical, radiographical, and histological evaluation of porous rooted polymethylmethacrylate dental implants.

Forty-three porous rooted polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) dental implants were inserted into twenty-four dogs. Successful implants were maintained for up to three years. Histological sections with the implants in situ of implants revealed a soft tissue-implant interface similar to natural teeth. Bone and fibrous tissue ingrowth into the pores attached the implant to the bone. Failures were attributed to mechanical weakness of the implant, thin buccal cortical bone, and excessive implant-gingiva interface.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1979

Porous polysulfone as an attachment vehicle for orthopedic and dental implants.

The mechanical properties of porous polysulfone (PSF) were determined and its performance as a surface coating on orthopedic and dental implants evaluated. Ten coated femoral prostheses were implanted in nine dogs. A second series of four uncoated "control" prostheses and all of the acetabular cups were implanted using conventional bone cement techniques. Six porous PSF coated tooth roots were implanted in healed mandibular premolar extraction sites in three Rhesus monkeys. The shear strength of porous PSF (6 MPa) was comparable to that of trabecular bone. Pushout tests of 1cm. thick sections of the prostheses yielded interfacial shear strength values over 1.4 MPa for the PSF coated hips after 14 weeks and mean values under 0.7 MPa for the bone cemented specimens after 3 and 36 weeks. Bone and fibrous tissue was identified in the pores of coated specimens. Preliminary clinical evaluation of the functioning dental implants revealed zero mobility and other favorable clinical and radiographic indications after 2 months.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1978

Surface texture and strength of vitreous carbon-poly(methyl methacrylate) dental implant materials.

A study has been carried out on the surface texture and the strength of several dental implant materials composed of vitreous carbon microballoons (6, 24, and 48 wt %)and poly(methyl methacrylate). Two sizes of microballoons were used--particle size less than 100 micrometer and particle size greater than 100 micrometer. Square wafers of the materials (10 X 10 X 1 mm) were studied with the surface sandblasted in half of the specimens. SEM studies revealed a rough porous surface with scattered moderately sized deep cavities in the 6% and 24% specimens with an increase in the number of cavities in the 24% specimens. The 48% specimens revealed a rough, porous surface composed of large shallow craters. Prepared specimens of the materials, processed by a gas-fired air oven and by a microwave oven, were tested for compressive strength and tensile strength using an Instron Universal Testing Machine. Compressive strengths of the various mixtures were similar, but mixtures using VC particle size over 100 micrometer demonstrated somewhat reduced compressive strength. Tensile strengths of the mixutres decreased significantly as the amount of VC increased, with a 20% reduction at 24 wt % and a 45% reduction at 48 wt %.

Carbon↗
PubMed1979

The influence of functional use of endosseous dental implants on the tissue-implant interface. I. Histological aspects.

The tissue-implant interfaces of functional and non-functional endosseous dental implants were compared histologically for up to one year post-operatively. Nonmineralized connective tissue zones (a "fibrous capsule") existed in all functional interfaces. Direct, or nearly direct, bone apposition to implants occurred in non-functional interfaces. The origin of this result and its significance in dental implantology is discussed.

Alveolar Process↗