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A number of different sets of data concerning the Corah Dental Anxiety Scale were evaluated. The data indicate that the scale is a reliable, valid, and useful measure of dental anxiety. It can be successfully used in the dental office or in research projects.
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Experimental breakdown of the periodontal attachment apparatus was produced in six young adult monkeys to study the effect on the tissue of the dental pulp by (1) periodontitis, (2) scaling and plaque accumulation on exposed root dentin. Periodontal tissue breakdown was induced by the placement of ligatures around the neck of 92 permanent teeth. Subsequent plaque formation caused marked loss of periodontal tissue support, which after a period of 5--7 months amounted to 30--40% of the root length. One group of teeth received no further treatment. Other teeth were subjected to scaling and root planing. Following treatment, plaque was allowed to accumulate for 2, 10, and 30 days on the freshly planed root dentin surfaces. Histologic examination revealed that in comparison to teeth with normal periodontal conditions, 57% of the teeth exposed to periodontitis exhibited pathologic pulp tissue alterations. Secondary dentin formation and/or inflammatory cell infiltrates were observed within localized areas of the pulp subjacent to root surfaces exposed to periodontal tissue destruction. The changes within the pulp were of "mild" nature and only one tooth displayed signs of total pulp necrosis. Lateral canals communicating with both the pulp cavity and the exposed root surface were never detected. Teeth subjected to scaling and subsequent plaque accumulation in comparison with teeth with periodontitis alone exhibited no obvious aggravation or increased incidence of pathologic pulp reactions. The findings show that in the monkey (1) periodontal destruction limited to the cervical half of the root and (2) plaque accumulation on exposed root dentin does not cause severe alteration in the pulp of the roots involved.
Disagreement is current over the question of whether relatively large teeth in some large primates are a natural outcome of growth trends instead of an indication of intrinsic differences. A cross-primate survey of dental scaling relative to skull (and inferred body) size is given in this study, using a principal component technique to measure the multivariate growth relation between two sets of data: dental size and cranial size. Cheek teeth are strongly positively allometric in restriced taxonomic groups, especially in cercopithecoids. Conversely, the allometry drops to an almost linear proportional growth relation when variation in diet is controlled.
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The use of ultrasonic energy to remove excess ZnPO-4 cement from orthodontic bands reduces the solubility of the cement but does not affect band adhesion unless excessive band contact is made. Excessive band contact weakens band-to-tooth adhesion. The solubility of the cement is increased by decreasing the pH and is increased when organic anions capable of binding metal ions are present.
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The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether an expanded function dental hygiene curriculum prepared students to perform traditional dental hygiene clinical procedures at the same level of competency as a traditional dental hygiene curriculum. Hand scaling was selected as the most appropriate procedure to evaluate. Fourth-year dental hygiene students enrolled in a special expanded function curriculum were compared to fourth-year students enrolled in the traditional dental hygiene curriculum during a controlled one-day experiment. Results indicated no statistically significant differences between the two student groups in the performance of scaling procedures as measured by number of tooth surfaces on which calculus remained. It was concluded that the University of Iowa expanded function dental hygiene curriculum prepared students to perform hand scaling procedures at a competency level comparable to that of the traditional curriculum.
Monitored anxiety level by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Corah's (1969a) dental anxiety scale and evaluated adjustment via behavioral ratings, in 32 female and 31 male dental surgery patients who were presented general or specific information prior to surgery. The findings indicated that dental surgery is a stressful procedure that elicits comparably high levels of state anxiety in males and females. For most patients, even those high in dental anxiety, state anxiety level returns to "normal" levels just after the completion of surgery. The dental anxiety scale administered well before surgery is a good predictor of patient anxiety level in the dental situation, especially for males. Females responded to an informational tape received prior to surgery with increased anxiety, and were rated as showing poorer overall adjustment in surgery than males. The general and specific information tapes did not differentially affect adjustment, but informational input and related variables such as patient expectancies and prior level of information are factors that need further investigation in terms of their potential relevance for the reduction of patient anxiety and enhancement of patient adjustment during dental procedures.
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Reactions of black, white and Puerto Rican patients were studied in an outpatient dental emergency clinic. Measures used included the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, palmar sweat prints, an interview to obtain patient characteristics and attitudes toward pain, Dental Anxiety Scale and a posttreatment dentist rating. No differences between ethnic and racial groups were obtained in amount of pain, number or type of symptoms patients had. Significant Trait Anxiety differences were obtained. Puerto Ricans had the highest level of Trait Anxiety, whites the lowest, with blacks in the middle. The Dental Anxiety Scale also yielded differences with Puerto Ricans scoring highest, blacks lowest and whites in between. Attitude differences reflected a relative willingness to deny, get rid of or avoid dealing with the pain. The Puerto Ricans scored highest, whites lowest, with blacks in between. No physiological differences were obtained with palmar sweat prints.
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The achievement of an adequate oral hygiene status in large groups of people remains an unfulfilled objective of the dental profession. In this study an attempt was made to motivate 180 pregnant women by showing them a tape-slide program. The subjects were randomly allocated into four statistically equal experimental groups. Two examiners, who were calibrated before commencement of the survey, measured Gingival and Plaque Indices of each subject and a questionnaire was used to assess the educational potential of the tape-slide sequence over a period of 4 weeks. There was a 100% incidence of gingivitis in the study population. Those women who viewed the tape-slide program in addition to being dentally examined, achieved the greatest reduction in their GI and retained the most information. The tape-slide sequence alone did not initiate a satisfactory degree of behavioral change; similar studies have also had discouraging results and it would appear that individual attention and motivation is the only sure way to date of achieving adequate personal plaque control.
The periodontal treatment requirements of 187 Royal Australian Air Force men aged 18-54 years based on clinical signs and symptoms were assessed. Every man required some treatment; 60 per cent needed surgery in one or more segments of the mouth.
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