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PubMed2026

Proteomic profile of the dentine pellicle modified with plant polyphenols and fluoride.

OBJECTIVES: Despite its protective role, the dentine pellicle has rarely been studied, therefore we aimed to map out the proteomic profile of in vitro dentine pellicles before and after modification. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 135 human dentine specimens were prepared. After initial pellicle formation with 150 µl pooled human saliva (37 °C, 30 min), the dentine specimens were immersed in one of 9 pellicle modification solutions (2 ml/specimen): deionized water (non-modified pellicle), SnCl2/NaF/AmF (commercial solution containing 800 ppm Sn2+ and 500 ppm F-), NaF solution (500 ppm F- ), and six polyphenol solutions (2 mg / ml) with or without 500 ppm F-: blueberry extract (BBE and BBE + F-), green tea extract (GTE and GTE + F-) and grape seed extract (GSE and GSE + F-). After another aliquot of saliva (150 µl, 37 °C, 60 min), the pellicles were harvested with sodium dodecyl sulphate by rubbing with cotton balls, and taken to proteomic analyses by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry after tryptic digestion. RESULTS: A total of 382 proteins were identified in all the proteomic analyses for all groups. Pellicle modification with fluoride, either NaF or SnCl2/NaF/AmF, led to the presence of 12 or 14 exclusive proteins, respectively, whereas modification with the solutions containing polyphenols presented less exclusive proteins (4-6 proteins). The number of exclusive proteins was even lower for when polyphenols and fluoride (GTE + F- and GSE + F-) were used, with lower abundance of proteases. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that NaF and SnCl2/NaF/AmF significantly modify the proteome of the dentine pellicle. The combination of fluoride with polyphenols further lowers the abundance of proteins and proteases, which explains the positive effect of these solutions on the dentine pellicles. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Plant extract solutions with fluoride can significantly modify the proteomic structure of the dentine pellicle, which clarifies the mechanism of action of polyphenols on the protection of dentine demineralization.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Saliva and salivary pellicle composition and proteomic profile in smokers vs. non-smokers and its effect on dental erosion.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the salivary composition and proteomic profile of saliva and the salivary pellicle in smokers compared to non-smokers, and to examine potential differences in the erosion-protective capacity of the salivary pellicle. METHODS: Twenty-five smokers and 25 non-smokers were included. Unstimulated and stimulated saliva samples were analysed regarding flow rate, pH, buffer capacity, calcium, phosphate, fluoride, and protein content. Saliva and salivary pellicle samples were analysed by data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS) for proteome profiling. In an in situ experiment, intraoral splints were loaded with bovine enamel and dentine specimens for 120 min. Pellicle-covered specimens were extraorally eroded (HCl, pH 2.3, 60 s). Calcium release was determined photometrically and compared to pellicle-free controls. RESULTS: Except for phosphate in stimulated saliva (padj.=0.003), salivary parameters were not significantly different between smokers and non-smokers. Proteome profiling detected 1759±154 proteins (cumulative 1963) in saliva, and 4262±362 proteins (cumulative 4625) in the salivary pellicle. The relative abundances of 282 (unstimulated saliva), 338 (stimulated saliva), and 4 (salivary pellicle) protein groups differed significantly between smokers and non-smokers. Functional enrichment analysis of differentially abundant human proteins revealed biological processes such as coagulation, immune response, and carcinogenic reactive oxygen species processes to be impacted by smoking. The salivary pellicle had a significant erosion-protective effect in enamel compared to the control (41.4 ± 6.3 nmol/mm2), but no differences between smokers (33.2 ± 10.6 nmol/mm2, padj.=0.001) and non-smokers (32.7 ± 8.6 nmol/mm2, padj.=0.001) were found. CONCLUSION: The proteomic profiles of both unstimulated and stimulated saliva and the salivary pellicle differ between smokers and non-smokers. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Despite the different proteomic profiles indicating a significant impact of smoking on the oral cavity, the erosion-protective capacity of the salivary pellicle of smokers and non-smokers does not differ.

Dental Pellicle↗

PubMed1978

Adhesive bonding of various materials to hard tooth tissues--solubility of dentinal smear layer in dilute acid buffers.

While the acid etch technique has largely solved the problem of bonding restorative materials to enamel, attempts to improve adhesive bonding to dentin have so far had only limited success. One aspect to which insufficient attention has been paid is the presence of a smear layer on cut surfaces and of pellicle on surfaces exposed to saliva, both of which would reduce or prevent durable adhesive bonds. The present study attempts to evaluate the usefulness of various acidic solutions in removing these surface layers while causing minimal damage to the vital contents of the dentinal tubules. A series of twelve 0.16 M buffer solutions were applied to cut dentin surfaces which were then washed, dried and sputter-coated with gold/palladium in preparation for examination by scanning electron microscopy. It is concluded that the smear layer on cut dentin surfaces can be substantially removed in vitro by a 30 second exposure to an isotonic solution of buffered monobasic acids having pKa values between 3.8 and 2.5. Since these solutions did not always remove material from grooves in the prepared surface clinical techniques should aim at producing a smooth cut surface. The response of the vital pulp to this treatment still awaits investigation.

Acid Etching, Dental↗

PubMed1979

Transmission and control of dentinal pain: resin impregnation for the desensitization of dentin.

With the exception of direct electrical stimulation, it seems that all procedures known to produce dentinal pain may mechanically distort the structure of pain-sensitive nerves in the pulp and predentinal area and that this effect is mediated by a hydrodynamic link. Nature may contribute to insensitive dentin by: production of irregular, atubular dentin at the pulpal wall; obliteration of dentinal tubules by sclerosis; and mineralization of a superficial layer, pellicle or plaque, at the exposed surface. Few clinical methods are capable of accelerating these mechanisms. A technique of resin impregnation for the desensitization of exposed dentin has been presented. After proper pretreatment, that includes drying the dentin surface, resin tags can be obtained in the outer part of the dentinal tubules and may immediately and permanently relieve dentinal pain. This technique seems to be a good alternative to other methods, especially for patients with occlusal or incisal exposures caused by abrasion, grinding, or fracture, in which other methods cannot provide immediate and long-lasting desensitization.

Acid Etching, Dental↗