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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Using the family history method to distinguish relatives of patients with dependent personality disorder from relatives of controls.

It has long been established that some psychiatric disorders run in families, and as a result, the family history method has become an established part of clinical and research psychiatry. Although there is much literature on the Axis I disorders, there is relatively little on the personality disorders. There are now reports that dependent personality can run in families. This report demonstrates that a standardized family history method for the DSM-III personality disorder clusters can distinguish relatives of dependent personality disorder patients from relatives of normal controls on the anxious personality disorder cluster, but cannot distinguish them from relatives of a mixed anxiety/depression group who do not have personality disorders. Relatives of the mixed anxiety/depression group did show a different pattern from the relatives of the dependent personality disorder group when all three personality disorder clusters were examined. This is the first such finding reported in the literature. Implications for future research are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Comparisons of males and females with DSM-III dependent personality disorder.

To determine whether DSM-III dependent personality disorder (PD) differed in males and females, 30 females and 11 males with this diagnosis were selected from a psychiatric outpatient population. Standardized measures of Axis I, Axis II, and family history were used. There were no differences in age or in the prevalence of Axis I or Axis II disorders in males and females, indicating that females were probably not misdiagnosed as having dependent PD. However, relatives of males had significantly more major depressive disorder and DSM-III anxious personality disorder cluster, while relatives of females had significantly more panic disorder. This may indicate different predisposing factors to dependent PD in males and females.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Relationship between DSM-III avoidant and dependent personality disorders.

Avoidant personality disorder was added to the nomenclature in DSM-III without a clinical tradition or empirical findings. This report reviews four attempts to validate empirical personality disorders and presents new data. No empirical study has been successful in differentiating avoidant from dependent personality disorders. The current study replicates this overlap, finding only minor differences (dependent personality disorder had more females, avoidant personality disorder had more self-defeating traits). Avoidant and dependent personality disorders should be merged into an enlarged category of dependent personality disorder, which would have three subtypes: avoidant, dependent, and mixed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Avoidant and dependent personality traits in relatives of patients with panic disorder, patients with dependent personality disorder, and normal controls.

Psychiatric researchers have long wondered whether personality traits might predispose toward or be integral to Axis I illnesses. The question is difficult to address because acute illness can either create personality traits or distort their measurement. The present study bypassed that problem by examining personality traits in relatives of patients. Panic disorder, dependent personality disorder, and control subjects were the proband groups. A cluster of traits that appeared to reflect low social self-confidence combined with a desire for social interaction occurred significantly more often in relatives of patients in both groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

National field trial of the DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria for self-defeating personality disorder.

A national field trial of the criteria for self-defeating personality disorder was conducted in 1986. Among psychiatrists with a special interest in personality disorders there was a lack of consensus as to the need for the category in DSM-III-R. Although the diagnosis was more commonly made for female patients, the disorder was by no means rare in male patients. The diagnostic criteria for the disorder had high sensitivity and specificity. However, a series of analyses indicated that the category had limited descriptive validity and considerable overlap with borderline and dependent personality disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Personality and family history of depression in patients with affective illness.

The presence of a family history of depression may distinguish clinically important subgroups of depressed patients. Depressed patients with and without a family history of depression may differ on several clinical features. There are limited data, however, on potential differences in personality variables between patients with and without familial depression. We examined personality measures in 41 depressed subjects with and without a familial history of depression in both the depressed and remitted state. Patients with no family history of depression had significantly higher mean personality trait scores on the dependent and compulsive personality scales. The clinical and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Utilization approaches and psychodynamic psychotherapy in a case of hospital phobia: an integrated approach.

Milton Erickson's approaches, including utilization techniques, were integrated with psychodynamically oriented psychotherapy in the treatment of a woman with a hospital phobia. The patient was a 28-year-old married woman who met the criteria for both Somatoform Disorder and Dependent Personality Disorder, and who had a variety of obsessive and compulsive personality traits. In trance the patient was given permission to replace many aspects of the hospital setting (e.g., driving to the hospital, checking in, talking with nurses, etc.) with interactions with certain emotionally meaningful people from her past. The outcome was that the hospital experience was quite pleasurable, as have been subsequent hospitalizations. Two years later, the patient discussed her hypnotic experience and reported an increase in positive transference and also an increase in her ability to cope with other difficult aspects of her life.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Awe and premature efaculation: a case study.

The analysis of a man suffering from premature ejaculation is described. As is typical of a large group of men who ejaculate prematurely, he was passive and masochistic in his marriage and obsessive-compulsive in his character. Analysis of his affect of awe led first to a deeper understnding of his self-representations and object relationships, and later, with the discovery of the specific unconscious fantasies associated with the feeling of awe, to the alleviation of his symptom of premature ejaculation.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Gender stereotypes for paranoid, antisocial, compulsive, dependent, and histrionic personality disorders.

To assess similarity between gender-role stereotypes and the personality disorder prototypes, university students (31 women and 13 men) were asked to assign gender to six descriptions of DSM-III--R personality disorders. Significant agreement was found in gender assignment for five of the six descriptions. Descriptions of the paranoid, antisocial, and compulsive personality disorders were viewed as male, and descriptions of the dependent and histrionic personality disorders were viewed as female. The description of schizoid personality disorder was not significantly gender-typed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dual diagnosis: psychoactive substance dependence and the personality disorders.

Research on the relationship between psychoactive substance dependence and personality disorder has been difficult to interpret. Among the reasons for this difficulty are (1) shifts in conceptualizations of these two classes of disorders, (2) markedly different findings related to age, sex, other demographic variables, and stage of illness, (3) overlapping of diagnostic criteria, and (4) instability of Axis II diagnoses over time in these populations. Personality disorder may be preexisting, but not necessarily predisposing. Nevertheless, Axis II diagnoses can be made in alcohol and other drug dependent patients, and are present in these populations at higher prevalence rates than in the general public. Although amelioration of personality disorder will not in itself necessarily correct substance dependence, Axis II diagnoses are of considerable importance in treatment planning and prognosis. Recent and future research on the genetic typology of alcoholism may shed further light on the complex relationship between genetics, physiology, personality, and addiction.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1992

The general neurotic syndrome: a coaxial diagnosis of anxiety, depression and personality disorder.

The validity of the general neurotic syndrome, a combination of anxiety, depression and dependent personality disorder, was examined in a 2-year study of outpatients with dysthymic, panic and generalized anxiety disorder diagnosed using a structured interview schedule. The general neurotic syndrome, found in a third of the patients, was associated with greater mental disorder and a significantly worse outcome than patients without the syndrome. It did not, however, predict response to treatment. Further analysis revealed that the general neurotic syndrome was a better predictor of short- and long-term outcome than any other variable apart from initial psychopathology score. It is argued that the syndrome may represent a personality diathesis that makes the individual more vulnerable to both anxiety and depressive symptoms.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1992

Prevalence of personality disorders in patients with major depression and dysthymia.

The authors administered the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Axis I (SCID-P) and Axis II (SCID-II) Disorders to 197 patients with major depression, 63 patients with dysthymia, and 32 patients with both major depression and dysthymia ("double depression"). Fifty percent of major depressive patients, 52% of dysthymic patients, and 69% of patients with double depression were diagnosed as having at least one personality disorder. Patients with a personality disorder had higher scores on the Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventories. The most commonly diagnosed personality disorders were from the anxious/fearful cluster, most notably avoidant and dependent personality disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

DSM-III personality disorders among patients with major depression, anxiety disorders, and mixed conditions.

Of 298 mainly nonpsychotic psychiatric outpatients between 19 and 59 years of age, a group of patients having either pure major depression, major depression in combination with anxiety disorders, or pure anxiety disorders was extracted. The anxiety disorders were further differentiated in panic and nonpanic anxiety disorders. The groups were compared as to differences in frequency of personality disorders assessed by means of the Structured Interview for DSM-III Personality Disorders. The mixed major depression/anxiety disorder group appeared to be the most deviant with more severe personality disorders such as paranoid and borderline in addition to avoidant and dependent personality disorder. The differentiation between panic and nonpanic anxiety showed that it was patients with nonpanic anxiety features in addition to major depression who had this higher frequency of personality disorders. These findings imply that it is important to distinguish between major depression cases with and without anxiety disorders both in forthcoming research and in clinical practice.

Adult↗