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Results for “Desensitization, Psychologic”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1976

Feedback of true heart rate during exposure in vivo. Partial replication with methodological improvement.

Ten specific phobics improved during a mean of two sessions of experimental treatment by exposure in vivo in a balanced design. Short-term results replicated those of a previous study that self-control of heart rate with the aid of biofeedback significantly reduced heart rate during treatment, but this did not hasten reduction of subjective anxiety, nor of respiratory rate or skin conductance responses. An hour's pretreatment training in self-control of heart rate with the aid of feedback did not enhance the effect. Mere instructions to lower heart rate without feedback had a significant effect during treatment, but the addition of heart rate feedback to instructions significantly augmented the decline in heart rate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Constructive integration of learning theory and phenomenological approaches to biofeedback training.

Two major sources of theoretical development for biofeedback as an intervention paradigm are considered. An integration of cognitive learning theory approaches to the potential regulation of autonomic processes in an information-processing framework and the phenomenological information-processing approach of Kelly's personal construct theory suggest a new methodological paradigm for biofeedback as a tool of psychotherapeutic intervention, especially for the discipline of behavioral medicine. Biofeedback is reconstructed as a sequence of allocating attention to automatic cognitive processes until cognitive control has been mastered. This sequence is also seen as a circumspection-preemption-control cycle that Kelly (1955) suggested was essential to all problem solving. In light of Kelly's fundamental assumptions regarding the nature of constructs, it is suggested that controlled processing approaches to biofeedback require the biofeedback trainee to investigate both ends of psychophysiological dichotomies instead of demonstrative constructs of traditional biofeedback methodology. Other psychotherapeutic techniques are reviewed to validate this new theoretical approach. Finally, treatment within this paradigm is discussed as a recircumspection of relevant constructs that were routinized during the alarm reaction phase of Selye's general adaptation syndrome.

Biofeedback, Psychology↗
PubMed1979

Cure and care of neurosis. I. Cure.

Behavioural psychotherapy has long historical roots. Recently it has led to effective treatment for selected neuroses, including phobic, obsessive-compulsive and sexual disorders. Potent therapy has become a tool of experimental psychopathology which advances theory and practice. A pervasive principle is exposure of the patient to those stimuli which evoke his discomfort until this subsides. Level of arousal during exposure does not affect outcome. Theoretical issues are reviewed which decide when exposure will be sensitizing or habituating. Both psychoanalytical and conditioning models of neurosis are out of date, and models derived more directly from clinical experiment are becoming possible. The aetiology of phobias and rituals can be seen as failed extinction rather than enhanced acquisition. Relevant phylogenetic and biological factors are discussed. At the other extreme, well-documented faith-healing indicates huge gaps in our knowledge of psychotherapy.

Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic↗
PubMed1979

Behavioral treatment of transsexualism: a case report.

Patients who believe themselves to be transsexual seek only confirmation of their diagnosis so that they may proceed with their pre-chosen course of management: hormones and surgery. Their syntonic emotional set generates resistance to any other therapeutic direction. Despite this attitude, it is the therapist's responsibility to assess each case individually and to decide, with the patient, on realistic goals even if they be different from the original one. This case emphasizes this need since a probing history revealed underlying conflict and anxiety related to severe homophobia. With revelation of the homophobia, various behavioral techniques could be used therapeutically. These resulted in acceptance of lesbianism as a life style. Careful assessment of patients with self-diagnoses of transsexualism can sometimes uncover a different etiology to which appropriate therapy can be applied.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Use of mental imagery in psychotherapy: a critical review.

The paper presents arguments in favor of the use of mental imagery for therapeutic purposes. Several existing imagery approaches to psychotherapy are critically examined and suggestions for future inquiry are offered. The intimate relation between imagery and the affective-somatic processes is stressed.

Affect↗
PubMed1976

[Behavior therapy and sex therapy].

The author attempts to situate sextherapy of Masters and Johnson in relation to behaviour therapy in indicating the principles elaborated by old behaviour therapy and its most recent developments which are at the origin of sextherapy. He also considers the problem of indications and complementary relation which can be comprehended between these approaches and the psychoanalytical approach.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recidivism.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Criminal Psychology↗
PubMed1990

Marital adjustment and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Fifty obsessive-compulsives were treated by behavioural therapy (self-exposure in vivo and response prevention) either with their partner directly involved in all aspects of treatment or without their partner. The two treatment formats were equally effective. Although a substantial number of obsessive-compulsives were found to have marital problems, behavioural treatment directed at the obsessive-compulsive disorder resulted in improvement irrespective of marital quality and partner involvement in the therapy. The effects of treatment led neither to a deterioration of the marriage nor to adjustment problems in the partner.

Adaptation, Psychological↗