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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Relationship among prospective parents' locus of control, social desirability, and choice of psychoprophylaxis.

This study sought to determine if there is a relationship among locus of control, social desirability, and choice of psychoprophylaxis (PPM). It was hypothesized that internal locus of control and low social desirability would correlate significantly with the choice of PPM by husbands and wives; that externally controlled wives who participated in PPM would have more internally controlled husbands than externally controlled wives who participated in PPM would have more internally controlled husbands than externally controlled wives who did not participate; and that locus of control and social desirability, when taken together, would be better predictors of choice of PPM than either taken separately. Ninety-eight middle-class nulliparous couples, participant and non-participant, were studied in the seventh or eighth month of the wife's pregnancy. Rotter's I-E Scale and the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale were used to measure locus of control and social desirability. Study findings did not support the hypotheses.

Choice Behavior↗

PubMed1977

Personality and background predictors of a young wife's desired family size.

A questionnaire that included 19 personality, socioeconomic, and general background variables was administered to 160 childless Caucasian, Protestant wives of college students to discover variables that offered promise as predictors of desired family size. Of the samples, 66% wanted two children, and 14% wanted three children. Four variables--feelings of alienation, father's social class level, level of overt anxiety, and childhood family size--had a combined multiple correlation of .39 with desired family size in a stepwise regression analysis and accounted for almost 15% of the desired family size variance. Results suggest that although desired family size remains difficult to predict, personality factors may be as significant as socioeconomic factors in its prediction.

Age Factors↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Desired family size and sex of children.

During 1975, data were obtained from 1016 unmarried Caucasian students on their preference for family size, combination of sexes within the desired size, and permutation of sexes within the desired combination. The most desired family size by both female and male respondents was two children, but the average size was more than 2.46 children. Combinations involving both sexes of children were preferred over single sexes in all families of two or more children. The preference for the first-born to be male was consistent in all combinations of male and female children. Considering all desired family sizes and combinations of sexes of children the resulting sex ratio was 137.9 males:100 females.

Birth Order↗

PubMed1976

Intravenous propranolol administration: a method for rapidly achieving and sustaining desired plasma levels.

A model for the intravenous administration of propranolol by a bolus-infusion technique designed to rapidly produce, then maintain, predicted plasma drug concentrations was derived from elimination kinetics in single-dose studies. Prospective testing of this model in 6 adult male subjects revealed a close correlation between predicted and observed drug levels; desired plasma concentrations were achieved within 5 min and maintained over the 30-min study period. By subtracting previously given bolus doses from the dose calculated as needed to produce a desired plasma level, progressive increases in predicted propranolol levels could be effected, with apparent maintenance of equilibrium. Correlations between the bolus doses and infusion rates and the plasma drug levels were consistent and significant, and constitute nomograms from which the dose of drug required to produce a desired plasma level may be approximated. The clearance of propranolol declined slightly as the drug plasma level increased, but did not significantly affect the accuracy of the model.

Aged↗

PubMed2025

Mediators of Change in Cognitive Behavioral and Mindfulness-Based Online-Interventions for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Dysfunction in Women.

Low sexual desire is a common sexual problem among women. When it is accompanied by significant personal distress, it may be diagnosed as hypoactive sexual desire dysfunction (HSDD). Both cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and mindfulness-based therapy (MBT) are effective treatments for HSDD when delivered in person or online. In this randomized controlled treatment study, CBT and MBT consisted of eight guided self-help modules delivered online, and participants completed measures at pretreatment and after 3, 6, and 12 months. Nine variables were examined as potential mediators of treatment outcomes (i.e., sexual desire and sexual distress), namely mindfulness, self-compassion, rumination, body connection, self-consciousness, relationship satisfaction, sexual communication, depression, and anxiety. In total, 212 women diagnosed with HSDD were randomized to either CBT or MBT (Mage = 36.3, SD = 10.2). Improvements in self-compassion, rumination, body connection, and self-consciousness partially mediated treatment outcomes in at least one of the treatment groups. Mediation effects were mostly small, explaining up to 15% of the total effects. No systematic differences in mediation pathways between CBT and MBT were found. These findings emphasize the importance of emotion regulation, metacognitive processes, and embodiment for the effective treatment of HSDD. Future research should refine treatment components to enhance efficacy and ensure that psychological interventions adequately address common concerns among women with HSDD.

Humans↗

PubMed1978

Some variables affecting dentists' desire to use expanded duty dental auxiliaries.

A survey of all active practitioners in Rhode Island was conducted to determine which demographic or practice variables or knowledge or attitude variables, or both, might be associated with a desire to use EDDAs. A total of 355 (74.6%) dentists responded to the questionnaire. Of these, 33.4% indicated a desire to use EDDAs, 36.1% were undecided, and another 30.5% did not wish to use EDDAs. A desire to use EDDAs was associated with the following variables: demographic background, continuing education profile, indicators of how busy the practice is, number of hours auxiliaries were employed, practice efficiency indicators, and knowledge and attitude indicators.

Appointments and Schedules↗

PubMed1976

Some aspects of reproduction in fat-tailed sheep in the subtropics V. Seasonal variation in sexual desire and semen characteristics.

The seasonal variations in sexual desire and semen characteristics were studied in five 1.5 to 2.5 years young and five mature (4 to 5 years old) fat-tailed Ausimi rams. The sexual desire was assessed according to the "reaction time" (period between initiation of the ram and the semen delivery into the artificial vagina): the sperm quality was assessed with the usual parameters. Although the breeding ability of the rams was continuous throughout the year, the sperm density was highest in the summer (due to long daylight periods). On the other hand the sexual desire and semen volumen reached their peak during the autumn. This and other results denote that the complex environmental factors controlling sexual activity exhibit different seasonal effects on different parts of the male reproductive system.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

Hypoactive sexual desire.

The sex therapy literature has concentrated on disorders of the excitement and orgasm phases of the sexual response. However, disorders of sexual desire have been virtually neglected, although low-libido disorders are highly prevalent, may be extremely distressful to patients and their partners, and influence the course and prognosis of therapy. This paper focuses on this important aspect of human sexuality. Some clinical features of hypoactive sexual desire are described, and some hypotheses about etiology and prognosis are presented.

Anxiety↗

PubMed1977

Locus of desired control and positive self-concept of the elderly.

In two studies, positive self-concept correlated with belief in one's internal locus of desired control. Examining only institutionalized subjects, the first study found this relationship to be particularly prominent for male subjects (r = .68). In the second study, comparing institutionalized persons sampled from several homes for the aged and noninstitutionalized elderly, this relationship was once again most prominent for the institutionalized males (r = .53). Among these studies internality also correlated positively with nurses' rating of subject's happiness, self-ratings of contentment and happiness, and correlated negatively with length of residency in old age home and age. In response to concerns raised by Rotter (1975) over locus of control research and issues raised by Mischel (1968, 1973) and others concerning personality research in general, the present study used a more situationally specific locus of control measure specially designed to take into consideration the environmental circumstances as well as interests of the subject population being studied. Included in the measure is a desire of outcome index which added substantially to the validity coefficient.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1979

Animal model for pharmacokinetic approach to individualized heparin dosage regimen for i.v. infusion by constant rate to achieve and maintain a desired clotting time.

A pharmacokinetic approach was developed for the determination of an individualized heparin dosage regimen for an i.v. constant infusion rate. The rabbit was chosen as the animal model. From a test dose given i.v. the individual rate constant for loss of anticoagulant response was determined by measuring the whole blood activated clotting time. After selection of a desired clotting time to be maintained, the loading dose and infusion rate or heparin concentration at set infusion rate were calculated. In the three infusion studies used to illustrate this method, less than a 4% average deviation resulted between the actual clotting times and the desired clotting times.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

Psychomotor traits, social desirability and the personal illness hierarchy.

Seventy-eight psychiatric in-patients were allocated to personal illness classes by means of the Delusions-Symptoms-States Inventory (DSSI). Paper and pencil measures of psychomotor speed and scatter of tapping were administered with an immediate retest. It is suggested that from a social desirability position one would have to predict that the more personally ill (i.e. those endorsing the more socially undesirable items) would be slower and more diffuse on these measures. We found, however, such patients to be more constricted and slower. It is concluded that such a combination adds to the utility and validity of the hierarchy of classes of personal illness.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

Patients' awareness and desire for information about diagnosed but undisclosed malignant disease.

74 hospital patients with diagnosed but undisclosed malignancy were interviewed and observed to ascertain their awareness of their condition and desire for information about it. While 88% either knew or suspected that they had a malignant tumour at admission to the ward, the great majority of them had no wish to augment that knowledge. The fact that their diagnosis or prognosis was not revealed to them allowed many patients to maintain the hope either that they might not have cancer or that the outlook might be favourable.

Attitude to Health↗

PubMed2022

Engineered helicase replaces thermocycler in DNA amplification while retaining desired PCR characteristics.

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is an essential method in molecular diagnostics and life sciences. PCR requires thermal cycling for heating the DNA for strand separation and cooling it for replication. The process uses a specialized hardware and exposes biomolecules to temperatures above 95 °C. Here, we engineer a PcrA M6 helicase with enhanced speed and processivity to replace the heating step by enzymatic DNA unwinding while retaining desired PCR characteristics. We name this isothermal amplification method SHARP (SSB-Helicase Assisted Rapid PCR) because it uses the engineered helicase and single-stranded DNA binding protein (SSB) in addition to standard PCR reagents. SHARP can generate amplicons with lengths of up to 6000 base pairs. SHARP can produce functional DNA, a plasmid that imparts cells with antibiotic resistance, and can amplify specific fragments from genomic DNA of human cells. We further use SHARP to assess the outcome of CRISPR-Cas9 editing at endogenous genomic sites.

Humans↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Desired family size and sex of children in Botucatu, Brazil.

During 1977--78, 715 unmarried college students at the Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brazil, were surveyed for their preferences for family sizes and combinations and permutations of sexes of children. The most preferred family size by both male and female respondents was two children. A slightly lower proportion of respondents preferred a family size of three children. Average size of the desired families was approximately 2.76 children. The most preferred combinations of sexes were one male, one female; one female, two males; and two females, two males, respectively, in families of two, three, and four children. Preferred permutations of sexes were those in which the first child was male and subsequent children resulted in an alternation of sexes.

Brazil↗

PubMed1978

Oxytocin challenge test: achieving the desired goals.

The desired goals of the oxytocin challenge test (OCT) are preventing stillbirth and avoiding unnecessary premature intervention. To effectively reduce stillbirth the test should be done on a significant proportion of those fetuses who would subsequently succumb in utero. To analyze whether or not the OCT is achieving these goals. 5351 deliveries over a 2-year period at the University of California, Irvine, Medical Center were studied retrospectively. Four hundred and thirty of these patients had 823 OCTs performed. There were ten positive and 19 suspicious tests, and five neonatal deaths in these two groups. In patients who were studied with OCTs only one stillbirth occurred (in a patient who was noncompliant). During the same period, all stillbirths were reviewed. In the group in which stillbirth occurred, it was determined that 11 or 35% of the patients had indications for antepartum testing but were not tested. All 11 of these patients were transferred to the University hospital or had no prenatal care. It is suggested that these stillbirths may have been prevented had appropriate prenatal care allowed identification of patients for antepartum testing.

False Positive Reactions↗

PubMed1977

The desirability of involving adolescents in sex education planning.

In summary, several points which indicate the desirability of involving adolescents in sex education planning need to be reiterated. First, without adolescent representation, adults tend to lack an awareness of teenagers' needs for sex information services. The negative consequences of not serving these needs are well-documented. A second important consideration is that without adolescent input there is less chance the sex education programs will be tailored to fit the target population. The data from the Detroit program are useful for making people aware of teenagers' needs for sex education. These data can form a basis for beginning program planning, but they should be strengthened with input from the specific target population the program is intended to serve. And third, getting adolescent health consumers involved in program planning and operation by giving them meaningful responsibility is important to their growth and development. It is hoped increased representation of teenagers in the planning process will improve the quality of sex education programs available to them to the point where the current situation will be reversed so that the majority of sexually active teenagers will not have engaged in intercourse without using contraception because of inaccurate knowledge or difficulty in obtaining birth control. Adolescents must be regarded as people with important things to say and must be included in sex information programs not just as passive receivers, but as active partners in policy formulation and operation.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1977

[The decline of fertility in Western Europe. II. Which fertility rate would be desirable in France? (author's transl)].

A way to try and assess the significance of such or such level in long term fertility is to work out population projections based on a variety of assumptions and to compare their different implications. The age pyramids of France until 2100 that derive from four contrasted evolutions of fertility are studied in the present article: completed fertility in birth cohorts ranging from 1.4 to 2.6 children per woman. While some demographic parameters are not much sensitive to the assumption made for the fertility level (e.g. percent of economically active people in total population), others are closely related to fertility (such as total number of inhabitants, percent of younger people or of older people in total population, annual rate of entry into economically active population). In France, where population density is much lower than in most neighbouring countries, a fertility level that would lay at -- or a little higher than -- replacement (i.e. 2.1 children per woman) can be considered as a desirable target.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1978

[The desire to have children (author's transl)].

During the past fourtytwo years the birth statistics of Bavaria show that the percentage of intramarital first children increased from 1/3 to 1/2 of all children born within marriages. The percentage of the marital second born children increased relatively less from 25% in 1935 to around 30% in 1977. During the same time the percentage of third and fourth children decreased from 38,8% to 19,2% by approxiamately 1/2. For some time now close correlation exists between economic competition and achievement stress and social, sexual, and generative behaviour. Not the modern contraceptives are responsible for the random and sensitive characteristics of the desire for children in couples since contraceptives only increase the planning of children but the vagaries of the future expectations in a dubious economic and social system are responsible.

Birth Rate↗