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Results for “Destination--determinants”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

Motor-sensory cortex-corticospinal system and developing locomotion and placing in rats.

Normal and abnormal development of movement in the rat were studied by investigating the growth and organization of the motor-sensory cortexcorticospinal tract system (MSC-CST) and the functional and morphologic effects of ablating the MSC or quadrants of it at different ages. Major growth of the MSC outflow, the CST, in the brain stem and rostral cord occurred in the second and third weeks postnatally, coinciding approximately with the normal mid-week transition from infantile to mature locomotion. Ablation of the MSC at birth revealed that while the MSC-CST was not essential for ordinary locomotion on flat terrain, its presence hastened normal development of this kind of movement, and that it was absolutely essential for locomotion on difficult terrain. The MSC quadrants showed quite different, and in some domains mutually exclusive, CST projection patterns to forebrain, diencephalon, brain stem, and spinal destinations (determined by Fink-Heimer-Nauta fiber degeneration studies). Ablation of some quadrants produced distinctive syndromes of disordered movement: the posterolateral quadrant related to active grasping in positioning limbs, while the posteromedial quadrant related to tactile motor-sensory positioning of limbs. Thus in addition to the classic somatotopic organization of the MSC, there was another kind of organization into regions concerned with components of integrated movement of a number of parts of the body. Several forms of aberrant circuitry developed after MSC ablations in infants, but their possible roles in functional adaptation remain to be determined.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

The route of liquids administered to calves by esophageal feeder.

An esophageal feeder and a rubber nasoesophageal tube were used to administer fluids to calves. Radio-opaque fluids were given and their destination determined by fluoroscopy and radiography. Fluids containing glucose and xylose were also given and plasma glucose and xylose concentrations measured. In at least 93% of calves, the radio-opaque fluids entered the reticulum, indicating that the reticular groove did not close. Oral administration of sodium bicarbonate, copper sulfate and guanidine HCl did not influence groove closure in calves that received fluids through an esophageal feeder. As administration of the fluids continued, overflow to the abomasum occurred after about 400 mL had been given. When 2.0 L of glucose and electrolyte solution was given by esophageal feeder, plasma glucose levels rose significantly (p less than 0.01), showing that absorption had occurred. Plasma xylose levels rose in seven out of eight calves 30 minutes after a second 2.0 L dose (containing xylose) had been administered. Thus, even though esophageal feeders do not cause reticular groove closure, they can be used to administer fluids for enteric absorption, provided large quantities are given.

Abomasum↗
PubMed1997

Internal migration patterns for U.S. foreign-born, 1985-1990.

"Using 1990 census data, this paper calculates the flow [of the foreign-born population in the United States] between states and from abroad; also, a multinomial logistic regression model of destination choice is estimated for resettlers and for migrants from abroad. There are three major findings. Firstly, Florida and California are the largest recipients of foreign-born resettlers; New York is the biggest loser of secondary migrants. Secondly, the presence of large communities of Mexicans in California and Cubans in Florida are very attractive to both resettlers and migrants from abroad. Thirdly, immigrants that are most in need of ethnic support networks (i.e. new arrivals or immigrants with low human capital resources) are most likely to choose one of the traditional immigration states as a destination."

Americas↗
PubMed1998

The geography of Bangladeshi migration to Rome.

"With reference to the Bangladeshi community in Rome, this paper provides some answers to three key geographical questions: what is the migrants' regional pattern of origin in their home country; what are the mechanisms and routes of their migration to Italy; how are they spatially distributed in Rome?... Chain migration links specific origins in Bangladesh with spatial clusters and economic activities in Rome; the key here is the role of Bangladeshi community leaders in Rome who act both as migration sponsors and entrepreneurs."

Asia↗
PubMed1998

The effect of housing on migrations in Israel: 1988-1994.

"The analysis of 1988-1994 statistical data indicates that the population of Israel simultaneously moves in two opposite directions: while the initial distribution of new immigrants is primarily focused on the areas where jobs are available, the existing population of these areas tends to move outward, to the less populated districts where housing is more available and affordable. The paper thus argues that the heterogeneity of the population is indeed a crucial consideration for the proper modeling of migration behavior."

Asia↗
PubMed1996

Stay or leave? Individual choice and family logic: the destinations of children born in the Valserine Valley (French Jura) in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

"To study inheritance, it is necessary in the first place to know the number of heirs in each family, how property was divided between them, and whether their inheritance was sufficient to enable them to maintain and support several children in the parish. This study examines the process by which the populations of the parishes of Valserine Valley in France reproduce themselves from one generation to the next, by means of examining the ¿effective' progeny of couples to determine how many of them produce children (heirs) who continue to live in the Valley. The ultimate goal of these researches is to establish the characteristics of those who leave the Valley, and how these differ from those who choose to stay. The article examines whether it is possible to discern a family strategy in the way these decisions are made, and whether behavior of the persons in question is determined by individual choice."

Behavior↗
PubMed1996

Urban to urban migration: Soviet patterns and post-Soviet implications.

"In spite of extensive literature on migration in the Soviet Union, we know little about household-level decisions. This study specifies and estimates those variables important to understanding the migration decision. Using data from the Soviet Interview Project (SIP), we examine the forces influencing the decision to migrate or not to migrate, and in addition, for those who did migrate, the forces influencing the locational choices made. The results indicate that, while some of the traditional factors influencing migration are important, others are not, suggesting that in the post-Soviet era, differentiating the persistence of Soviet-type forces from emerging market-type forces will be important for an understanding of urban to urban migration."

Behavior↗
PubMed1997

Current migration to Europe.

"In this...article, we concentrate our attention on migration from the Mediterranean region and Sub-Saharan Africa (South-North migration) and from Central and Eastern Europe (East-West migration).... After briefly discussing history and causes of these migration flows, we will address where European immigration stands to date. In conclusion we discuss what is likely to happen within the Europe-centred migration system in the foreseeable future."

Africa↗
PubMed1994

The model of place utility revisited.

"The purpose of this paper...is twofold: first, to specify a way of calculating place utility so that potential migrants could move to the place where overall place utility is maximized; and second, which is more important, to reveal how decision-makers in the real world, who are acting within 'bounded rationalities'...,make their decisions on where to migrate. This study is supported by an empirical survey of recent Chinese immigrants to Edmonton [Canada].... The findings reveal that when people evaluate different places, they do not necessarily look for the one that generates the highest overall value or utility across all properties.... The study further indicates that the assumption underlying most microeconomic models (that maximizing utility or benefit is the ultimate rule for choosing one location out of several) has not been verified." (SUMMARY IN FRE AND SPA)

Americas↗
PubMed1996

Residential choices of immigrants in Australia.

"In recent years Asian-Australians, especially those born in Indochina, have become a target of criticism by anti-immigration groups which accuse them of choosing to live only in ¿closed societies' and ¿ethnic ghettos' in Australian cities.... Evidence presented in the article shows clearly that while immigrant groups may prefer to settle in close proximity of their family and kin for practical and/or emotional reasons, their preference is not ethnically determined.... We also show that affordability, closeness to spouse's work, and neighbourhood services, rather than family and social contacts, are important factors for Asian-born immigrants when they move." (SUMMARY IN FRE AND SPA)

Acculturation↗
PubMed1995

Return and onward migrations in Canada, 1976-1981: an explanation based on personal and ecological variables.

"This paper applies a three-level nested logit model to the micro data of the 1981 Canadian census to explain the 1976-81 interprovincial migration choices of the non-natives (those whose province of residence was different from province of birth), aged 20 to 44, by personal factors and provincial attributes. Important personal factors include mother tongue, level of education, family type, and age. Influential provincial attributes include economic variables (income level, employment growth, and unemployment), distance, and cultural similarity. The main finding is that not only onward migrants but also return migrants were sensitive to the interprovincial variation in economic opportunities." (SUMMARY IN FRE)

Americas↗
PubMed1995

[International migration and income redistribution: a trade-theoretic analysis].

"We analyze the income-redistribution effects of international migration in the host and source country in a general equilibrium framework. The well-known result that marginal migration leaves the welfare of nonmigrants unaffected is discussed in more detail with regard to shifts in national income distributions. With endogenous goods' prices the consequences for the income distribution are in general ambiguous--we show possibilities for an estimation of their magnitude. As long as wage disparities determine the direction of migration it increases world efficiency. However, redistributive policies may generate migration towards the low-wage country." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Demography↗
PubMed1993

The choice of migration destination: Dominican and Cuban immigrants to the mainland United States and Puerto Rico.

"Puerto Rico provides an alternative destination for immigrants from the Spanish-speaking Caribbean because the culture is similar to that in the source country. In this study, we use the 1980 [U.S.] Census of Population to examine the importance of relative earnings and culture in the choice of destination. The main finding is the similar pattern of choice of location for immigrants from the Dominican Republic and Cuba. The more educated and more professional immigrants are found in either Puerto Rico or outside the enclave on the [U.S.] mainland. Within this group, those with less time remaining in the labor market and lower English ability are found in Puerto Rico. We find that not all differences in location decision are attributable to differences in reward structure by location."

Age Factors↗
PubMed1995

[The case of Brazilian, Peruvian, Argentine, Bolivian, and Paraguayan labor migrants of Japanese origin in Japan].

"Over 190,700 Latin American Dekasegi Nikkeis live currently in Japan. The flow of Dekasegi, or labor migrants, [began] in 1988 and increased dramatically as from 1990 in reaction to new immigration laws in Japan and worsening of economic conditions in Latin American countries. Cultural likeness contributed to attract Nikkeis and their descent to the land of their ancestors. These Dekasegi Nikkeis, especially those coming from Peru, and to a much lesser extent some Bolivians and Paraguayans, have started forming minority ethnic communities bound by cultural networks throughout the country." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Asia↗
PubMed1996

Where do Americans live abroad?

"This article examines the factors that influence emigration of U.S. citizens. Data from a 1993 survey administered by the U.S. Department of State as part of an evacuation requirements report form the basis for the empirical analysis. The empirical analysis explains the distribution of U.S. citizens residing in 65 foreign countries in terms of economic and political characteristics of the foreign states. The study finds that U.S. citizens are more likely to reside in rich and close countries than in distant and poor countries and that the foreign country's ties to the U.S. immigrant population and the use of the English language are important determinants of where Americans settle abroad. Political conditions and U.S. military presence also influence the choice of foreign residence."

Americas↗
PubMed1997

Social networks and the asylum cycle: the case of Iranians in the Netherlands.

"This paper examines the traditional distinction between the migration of refugees and labor migrants in the context of Iranian asylum seekers in the Netherlands. The empirical strategy adopted is to apply a framework designed specifically to explain labor migration to the case of asylum migration, and the social networks approach is identified as the most appropriate. This paper examines the role of social networks through the asylum cycle, focusing on the decision to migrate, the choice of destination, and adaptation in the host society. The key conclusion is that the validity of the distinction between refugee and labor migration varies through the asylum cycle even for the same individual."

Acculturation↗
PubMed1998

Environmental motivations for migration: population pressure, poverty, and deforestation in the Philippines.

"This paper uses a multinomial discrete choice model and data from the Philippines to examine migrant choice between alternative destinations. Travel costs and perceived opportunities at the upland frontier are more important than general (upland plus lowland) destination attributes that indicate more developed social infrastructure or greater expected welfare. For example, migration streams are larger to destinations where the public share of forestland and the road system are larger. These features also characterize regions of more rapid deforestation. Therefore, emigration policies must recognize their effects on deforestation at the frontier--and their anticipated indirect effects on downstream environments."

Asia↗