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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1976

VD education in developing countries. A comparison with developed countries.

No new method of control of the sexually transmitted diseases is imminent. Reliance has to be placed on existing methods including health education. Health education has a double role, being a primary method in its own right, and--of equal or greater importance--being involved in the enforcement of all of the other tried methods. A comparison is made of the situation in countries with a developed or an underdeveloped venereal disease control service, in respect of organization, statistical reporting, the various agencies treating venereal disease, clinic and diagnostic facilities, personnel concerned in venereal disease management, and other aspects. The vicious circle inherent in developing countries is outlined. A lack of awareness of the extent of the problem and the presence of other serious competing diseases lead to a low budget, thence to poor diagnostic and treatment facilities, and to few cases being seen in the official clinics and hospitals. Thus relatively small numbers of cases are reported and there is consequently a continuing lack of awareness of the problem. A method of cutting through such a circle is suggested, and the importance of health education activities during this period is emphasized.

Developing Countries↗
PubMed1977

Consumption of fat as an important part of the food and nutrition policy in developed countries.

In developed countries, the excess consumption of some nutritive factors and foodstuffs becomes a major problem. The consumption of fat is included here due to its contribution to the high energy intake and its potential health risks. The consumption of fat as a nutrient is characterized by a steady increase. The physiological requirements of fat intake are not included in many dietary allowances and requirements of other indicators, such as linoleic acid, fatty acids, and cholesterol, are formulated in scientific papers only. The confrontation of existing fat allowances with the effective consumption indicates a tremendous excess. The same is true of some other indicators. The findings about the consumption of fat commodities complete these considerations. The indicated problems of fat consumption reveal the important position of this nutrient and of fat commodities in the food and nutrition situation. But opinions about these important factors are not sufficiently formulated what causes difficulties in food and nutrition planning and therefore in elaborating of the food and nutrition policy. For this reason, the international unification of opinions is urgently needed.

Austria↗
PubMed1978

Provision of medicines in a developing country.

In many developing countries the money spent on drugs could often be used more effectively to prevent disease. A large proportion of the drug budget of one developing country is spent on expensive proprietary preparations for use mainly in the larger hospitals, draining resources from health care in rural areas. A major factor in determining the country's expenditure on drugs is the promotional activities of pharmaceutical companies; the number of drug company representatives in the country is proportionately five times that in Britain. Many drugs are promoted for diseases for which they are not indicated and in which their use may be hazardous, and information on side-effects and contraindications is inadequate. Information supplied by drug firms to health workers in different countries must be standardised and the purchase and use of drugs in Third-World countries made more appropriate to their needs.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1978

The need for quality control in the developing countries.

In the developing countries there is a need for greater activity in the quality control of vaccines used in immunization programmes. The establishment of a quality control facility can give assistance not only in the checking of vaccines at the time of release, but also in monitoring the efficacy of the cold chain. Furthermore, the antibody responses of the local child population to the vaccines can be measured. Quality control should be established before vaccine manufacturer, therefore, and the economics of importing vaccine in the bulk concentrated form with dilution, blending and filling locally is worthy of consideration.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1977

The role of drug information centres for improving patient care in Pakistan and other developing countries.

Relevant and uptodate information about drugs in common use is either unavailable or scarce, in Pakistan and other developing countries. Developed countries inspite of all the facilities available for learning have recognised the limitation of human memory. Drug information centres have therefore been established for repeated reminder and continued education for the practicing doctors in prescribing drugs and early recognition of adverse reactions to them. The proposal for establishing such drug information centres in Pakistan and other developing countries for further improving the patient care and early reporting of adverse reaction to drugs in this paper is based on the encouraging response to and beneficial experience by such centres in the western world. There is every reason that it will succeed in improving the health of the people of Pakistan.

Developing Countries↗
PubMed1977

Specialist training and medical research in developing countries of tropical Africa: a case for the establishment of postgraduate medical schools.

Developing countries like developed ones need highly skilled medical personnel, referred to as 'specialists'. In the case of developing countries, the training of these specialists abroad is expensive to the sponsoring governments, imposes a lot of hardship on the doctors and, above all, the course-content of such training takes little or no cognizance of the environment in which these doctors would later practise. The developing countries also cannot afford the loss of years in valuable services which the training abroad entails. Attempts are now being made to train specialists wholly or partly at home, in some developing countries. The approach is still not much divorced from what obtains in Britain and North America, that is, one of being trained on the job, with the onus for self-education being placed on the prospective students. Such students in most developing countries of tropical Africa have little or no facilities for further education outside their places of work. It is proposed that purpose-designed postgraduate medical schools may provide a temporary solution to specialist training in developing countries of tropical Africa. Such schools would in addition provide highly skilled medical service as well as obviate the need and the expense for the setting up of government sponsored medical research and training institutes.

Africa, Western↗
PubMed1978

Potential contribution of primary-school teachers to the health of a developing country.

Like many other developing countries, Kenya gives higher priority to primary education than to health services. Thus, in rural areas primary schools are evenly distributed, well attended, and staffed by well-qualified teachers whereas health centres are thinly scattered, inaccessible to many, and staffed largely by people of low educational attainment. The public-health knowledge of school teachers exceeds that of many health workers. It is suggested that teachers of health science, in particular, represent a valuable resource for preventive and promotive medicine which can be exploited at little cost.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1979

Treatment of epilepsy: with special reference to developing countries.

1. Epilepsy, a common chronic neurological disorder, constitutes an important medical problem especially as in the developing countries there is a great dearth and shortage of health personnel, especially trained ones, in clinical neurosciences. The prevalence of epilepsy in developing countries is probably higher than in the Caucasians although accurate epidemiological data are lacking. 2. Epilepsy is discussed with special regard to the need for accurate diagnosis, and the difficulties encountered in developing countries. 3. Pharmacotherapy should be as simple as possible and suggestions are made on the essential drugs useful in the control of epilepsy with special reference to developing countries and in the context of economics and ready availability. Grand mal and focal epilepsies could be controlled by phenobarbitone, with phenytoin, sulthiame and carbamazepine kept as reserves or adjuncts. Minor (generalised) epilepsies could be controlled by ethosuximide, with clonazepam and sodium valproate (sodium dipropylacetate) as reserve drugs and adjuncts. For status epilepticus, diazepam is effective and readily available, with clonazepam and phenytoin as alternatives. 4. The problems in the management of epilepsy in the developing countries include lack of facilities and personnel to ensure accurate diagnosis and treatment, inadequate supply or non-availability of drugs, high defaulting rate of patients, the adverse and often pernicious social stigmatisation of the epileptic. 5. Possible solutions to some of these problems include integration of management (in simple terms) of convulsive disorders into the basic health system of delivery of health care in developing countries, aggressive pursuit of health education of the public by governmental and non-governmental agencies, active, intensive and sustained promotion of training of health personnel in clinical neurosciences and research aimed at producing long-acting anticonvulsants.

Africa↗
PubMed1976

Medical treatment of sexually transmitted disease in developing countries I: Gonorrhoea.

The statistics relating to the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases in many developing countries are not available and where there are, they are unreliable. Nevertheless, the impression of many physicians is that they constitute serious public health problems as they are endemic in some developing countries. The facilities for diagnosis and treatment of the diseases have been briefly discussed. The merits and the demerits of various antimicrobial agents have been outlined with the causes of failure of treatment in the developing countries. The economic importance of the "traitment minute" in the tropical environment has been stressed because of its economic advantage in terms of time spent in overcrowded hospitals. The resultant effect of the widescale misuse of antibiotics in developing countries has been suggested as a cause of the increasing resistant strains encountered. A plea is made for stricter control of the antimicrobial agents in developing countries.

Ampicillin↗