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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

The estimation of dental caries incidence in the presence of diagnostic error.

Diagnostic error in large scale screening programs for dental caries is frequent, as when teeth initially classified as carious are later diagnosed as never having been affected by caries. This paper presents a general formulation of diagnostic error in dental caries screening. The basic parameter of the formulation is the caries incidence rate. The general formulation of this paper permits an explicit comparison, in a common notation, of two specific models of diagnostic error--one due to Carlos and Senning, the other to Lu. Each model gives rise to a consistent estimator of the incidence rate. The distributional properties of these estimators had not previously been examined because of the dependence of teeth in the same mouth with respect to caries experience. Using the present formulation, the sampling scheme may be regarded as a one-stage cluster sample with mouths as clusters. This approach accounts for intracluster dependence thus permitting the derivation of an estimator of the relevant covariance matrix and a confidence interval for the incidence rate.

Dental Caries↗
PubMed1979

[Several diagnostic errors in cerebral atherosclerosis (clinico-anatomic study)].

A clinicoanatomical study was conducted in 218 cases of atherosclerotic dementia. 12 cases (5,5% of the total amount) showed diagnostic errors. Atherosclerotic dementia with Alzhemier-like symptomatology during life was considered to be Alzheimers disease, while Alzheimers disease, complicated by cerebral atherosclerosis as atherosclerotic dementia. Some objective and subjective factors of diagnostic errors were established. Late detection of such patients is considered as one of the risk factors of diagnostic errors during life.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Psychiatric diagnostic error.

Although the problems of distinguishing between psychogenic and somatogenic disorders are not new, they have received meager attention in the context of routine psychiatric intake procedures. Given the multitude of medical disorders that produce psychiatric symptoms, and are often confused with psychiatric illness, more sophisticated diagnostic methods are needed. This article explores some of these illnesses and methodologies for decreasing the incidence of psychiatric diagnostic error.

Diagnostic Errors↗
PubMed1979

Antimitochondrial antibodies: reagent variables may lead to diagnostic error.

Laboratory-prepared and commercially obtained fluorescein-labeled rabbit antihuman IgG were compared in performing the antimitochondria antibody (AMA) assay. Identical results were obtained using either of the fluorescent antisera at protein concentrations of 1.5 mg/ml and 1:10 dilutions of patients' sera. Positive AMA tests with either antisera were observed in each of 7 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), 2 of 83 patients with miscellaneous hepatic diseases, and in 1 of 24 patients with extrahepatic biliary obstruction (EBO) of 2-24 weeks duration. However, when undiluted commercial fluorescent antiserum (15.8 mg protein/ml) was substituted in the assay, sera from 11 of 23 AMA-negative patients with EBO and 12 of 15 with miscellaneous liver diseases demonstrated an atypical fluorescence located primarily along the periphery of the rat renal tubules. Thus, if the conjugated antibody is not adjusted to an optimal protein concentration, this atypical fluorescence could be interpreted as a positive AMA test and lead to diagnostic error.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1979

Diagnostic errors with peritoneal lavage in patients with pelvic fractures.

Diagnostic peritoneal lavage, considered to be a highly accurate, technique for detecting intraperitoneal blood in the trauma patient, may be less reliable in the presence of a pelvic fracture. In a retrospective review of 222 patients with pelvic fractures, 61 patients were found who had had a diagnostic peritoneal lavage performed as part of the initial evaluation of their condition. Twenty-six of these patients had had a negative lavage result negative lavage result. There had been no false-negative results in this group, although six patients required operations for extraperitoneal injuries. Of the 35 patients with a positive lavage results, 10 (29%) were found to have false-positive lavage results with no intraperitoneal source of bleeding. The only deaths in this series occurred in the group requiring operations, eight of 41 (20%). Four of the eight detahs were due to uncontrollable bleeding that resulted from exploration of the retroperitoneal hematoma. These data suggest that a negative lavage result is highly reliable in the patient with a pelvic fracture and should allow management with confidence that there is no severe intraperitoneal injury. Positive lavage results, however, must be interpreted with caution.

Abdominal Injuries↗