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Results for “Diagnostic Tests, Routine”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

A comparison of ELISA assays as routine diagnostic test for detection of autoantibodies against extractable nuclear antigens.

OBJECTIVE: In an analytical evaluation, commercially available ELISA test kits for detection of antibodies directed against extractable nuclear antigens (ENA) were compared with the currently used combination of counterimmunoelectrophoresis and immunoblotting. DESIGN: Three screening ELISAs and two typing ELISAs were tested. These methods were fairly simple, easy to perform and "user friendly," because most of the reagents were ready to use. RESULTS: The agreement with the current methods was good, but the screening as well as typing ELISAs proved to be more sensitive, especially with regard to detection of SS-A auto-antibodies. The cut-off range of one screening assay was not well established and one typing assay suffered from problems with inaccuracy of package insert, purity of antigen and standardisation of reactivity (possibly caused by differences in amount of coated antigen). The other three ELISAs were reliable and sensitive for detection of ENA auto-antibodies. CONCLUSIONS: The ELISA ENA screen assays ENA-LISA polyvalent and Milenia ENA screen and typing assays ENA-LISA are reliable and sensitive for detection of autoantibodies in clinical specimens without substantial false negatives.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1993

In situ hybridization. A research technique or routine diagnostic test?

In situ hybridization is the molecular method for localizing nucleic acid targets in the context of histomorphology. As such, it has tremendous potential application in research and diagnostic pathology. This essay attempts to briefly review the in situ method and to clarify its position as an emerging clinically useful technology.

Diagnostic Tests, Routine↗
PubMed2001

Usefulness of adding multiplex nested-polymerase chain reaction assay of cerebrospinal fluid samples to routine diagnostic testing for herpesvirus encephalitis.

The present study was conducted to assess the usefulness of adding the multiplex nested-polymerase chain reaction assay of cerebrospinal fluid samples to routine diagnostic testing for herpesvirus encephalitis and to monitor the efficacy of therapy. Cerebrospinal fluid samples from 45 patients with presumed herpesvirus encephalitis were tested for herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, human herpesvirus 6, and Epstein-Barr virus. Ten of the 45 patients were positive for a virus using the polymerase chain reaction assay: herpes simplex virus (n=5), Epstein-Barr virus (n=3), and herpes simplex virus plus the Epstein-Barr virus (n=2). Cerebrospinal fluid from two patients who had undergone acyclovir therapy gave negative results. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid by multiplex polymerase chain reaction can be useful for establishing an accurate diagnosis and as a marker of the efficacy of therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Genetic testing has no place as a routine diagnostic test in sporadic and familial cases of Alzheimer's disease.

The challenges inherent in diagnosing and treating patients with Alzheimer's disease are increasing. Early diagnosis and modification of risk factors have received growing attention from the media in recent years. As a result, the general public, and patients and family members, are increasingly better informed about the disease, its genetic background, and the possibilities for treatment. The physician is often faced with questions about hereditary patterns within the family and with requests to perform genetic testing. Children, with increasing frequency, ask for a separate appointment with the treating physician, during the patient's life or after the patient has died, to discuss whether they are likely to get the disease and whether genetic tests should be performed. In this paper, some of the clinical and ethical questions that physicians face are explored. Arguments as to why we think routine genetic assessment should not be part of the diagnostic examination of the patient suspected of Alzheimer's disease are given.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Routine diagnostic tests in muscular diseases].

The main investigations routinely used for the diagnosis of muscle disease include biological and electrophysiological analyses, as well as muscle biopsy. The results of all these tests are discussed in order to their diagnostic and prognostic value in suspected or known muscle disease. However, the diagnosis can only be confirmed when all the data has been obtained: clinical, biological, electrophysiological, biopsy as well as familial or genetic data. When the data are discordant, it should be possible to proceed to nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and mitochondrial enzyme profiles.

Biopsy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Survey of the frequency of routine diagnostic tests in term pregnancies].

In 420 pregnant women who delivered during the third trimester at the "Istituto di I Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica", University of Catania, routine blood tests were performed in 95.5% of cases (401 women), urine tests in 95.5% (401), Hb-phoresis in 42.6% (179), HBsAg in 51.4% (216), TORCH and urine cultures in 37.8% (159), cardiotocograph in 73.1% (307), plasma RIA of E3 and/or HPL in 35% (147), maternal ECG and pseudocholinesterasemia in 83.6% (351) and 37.6% (158) respectively. No routine diagnostic tests were performed in 4.5% (19 women) of cases. Diagnostic tests are less frequently performed in women, plurigravida, and in pregnancies which follow a physiological course. Several diagnostic tests, except for TCTG and HBsAg, are performed more frequently in pregnancies with complications. Lastly, there is a marked difference between the number of diagnostic tests performed and the individual woman's place of residence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Diagnosis of brucellosis in an endemic area. Evaluation of routine diagnostic tests].

BACKGROUND: The use of classic methods of diagnosis of brucellosis was analyzed, particularly serologic methods whose use in endemic areas and risk groups has been questioned in the literature. METHODS: Prospective analysis of these methods was performed in a group of 171 patients suspected as having brucellosis proceeding from an endemic area, with progressions of risk and frequent antecedents of brucellosis. The results obtained were compared in 119 patients in whom brucellosis was confirmed (80 with positive cultures and 39 with clinic-serologic diagnosis) and in 52 in whom the diagnosis was excluded. RESULTS: The hemocultures provided a sensitivity of 70% with a mean delay in growth of 13.6 days. The rise of Bengal test showed sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 75%. The most adequate cut-off point for seroagglutination was of 1/160 and for the Coombs test 1/320 with sensitivities of 93 and 92% and specificities of 97 and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The routine serologic tests offer good results for the diagnosis of brucellosis in endemic areas upon use of adequate cut-off points and permitting therapeutic decisions to be taken prior to knowledge of the results of the cultures. The rose of Bengal test is valid for initial selection of this type of population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

A comparison between two activated protein C resistance methods as routine diagnostic tests for factor V Leiden mutation.

The most common commercially available test measuring activated protein C (APC) resistance relies on the the anticoagulant response to added APC in an activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) based method. Another method is a Russell Viper venom time (RVVT) based system. To improve the specificity for factor V Leiden of the APTT based method, pre-dilution of test plasma in FV-deficient plasma has recently been recommended. In this study we tested the relative suitabilities of the APTT-based system, the RVVT-based system and their corresponding assays modified by pre-dilution in FV-deficient plasma, for screening asymptomatic subjects, a group of thrombophilic patients (in particular those with low APC ratios), patients on oral anticoagulants, and patients with lupus anticoagulant (LAC). We found the RVVT-based assay to be superior to the APTT-based method in the separation of normals from those with FV Leiden mutation both in asymptomatic subjects and in the thrombophilic patient group. Both modified assays demonstrated a sensitivity and specificity of 100% for FV Leiden, as verified by genotyping in asymptomatic subjects, thrombophilic patients and patients on oral anticoagulants, with the modified RVVT-based assay giving better separation between normals and FV Leiden. Inhibition of phospholipid-dependent coagulation by LAC antibodies rendered the APTT-based system less suitable than the phospholipid-rich RVVT-based one, and as nine of the 20 LAC-positive patients were on warfarin, we showed only the modified RVVT assay to be a reliable predictor of factor V Leiden in this patient group.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Comparison of types and drug sensitivity of bacteria isolated from sputum and bronchoscopic material. Analysis of results from routine diagnostic tests from 1995-1997].

Proper identification of the organism and determination of their sensitivity to antimicrobial agents, is the most important part of the management of patients with symptoms of respiratory system infections. In the case of pulmonary infections, the utility of sputum for diagnosing the cause of lower respiratory tract infections seems to be limited. In the patients receiving antibiotics, there is a high rate of colonization of the upper respiratory tract that may lead to the overgrowth of one or an other pathogen, making it more abundant in the upper than an lower respiratory tract. Also, the patients may be unable to provide adequate lower-respiratory-tract samples. For these reason, more invasive procedures have been recommended. These include bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) sampling. The purpose of our study was to determine the value of sputum and BAL fluid on the basis of profile bacteria and their drug sensitivity isolated from the patients treated in Nat. Res. Inst. Tuber. and Lung Diseases in Warsaw during period of 3 years (1995-1997). On the basis of analysis of 5926 sputum samples and 3534 bronchoscopic materials we have found that the bacterial pathogens species and drug resistant pattern were similar in sputum samples as in materials of bronchoscopic procedures. The same bacterial species and numbers Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were predominant in both type of clinical materials with near the same frequency.

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid↗