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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Effect of solution conductivity on the volatile constituents of Origanum dictamnus L. in nutrient film culture.

The chemical composition of the essential oils obtained from leaves and bracts of hydroponically cultivated Origanum dictamnus L. (Cretan dittany), growing under various electrical conductivity (EC) levels (2.0, 4.0, and 6.0 mS/cm), was studied, using the nutrient film technique (NFT). The analysis of the essential oil content was achieved by GC-MS technique, and totals of 41 and 38 different compounds were identified in both cases of large-leaved and narrow-leaved samples of leaves and bracts, respectively. Differences in the composition content and of the percentage of each of the constituents in the two studied samples (i.e., large-leaved and narrow-leaved) and within the essential oils of leaves and bracts in both samples were observed. Carvacrol and p-cymene were identified as the main constituents in all essential oils, whereas thymoquinone was found in higher percentage in the essential oils of large-leaved than in narrow-leaved plants. The results obtained from GC-MS analysis were submitted to chemometric analysis, and a phenotypic similarity of the essential oils of narrow-leaved O. dictamnus was observed, whereas the essential oils of large-leaved O. dictamnus showed two separate subgroups.

Benzoquinones↗
PubMed2005

[Studies on chemical constituents in bark of dictamnus dasycarpus].

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents in bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus. METHOD: Isolation and purification were carried out on silica gel column chromatography, prepared thin layer chromatography and sephadex LH - 20, et al. The structures were identified by spectral analysis. RESULT: Twelve compounds were obtained from bark of D. dasycarpus and the structures were determined as dictamnine (I), fraxinellone (II), skimmianine (III), gamma-fagarine (IV ), beta-sitosterol (V), obacunone (VI), limonin disophenol (VII), fraxinellonone (VIII), wogonin (IX), rutevin (X), kihadinin B (XI), dasycarine (XII). CONCLUSION: Compounds IX and XI were isolated from genus Dictamnus for the first time, and compound VIII was isolated from the species for the first time.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1996

[Dermatitis bullosa striata pratensis caused by Dictamnus albus L. (burning bush)].

We report two patients with bullous phototoxic contact dermatitis caused by Dictamnus albus L. (gas plant) which belongs to the Rutaceae family. In both cases long lasting postinflammatory hyper-pigmentations were observed as a result of the phototoxic contact dermatitis. The phototoxic components of Dictamnus albus L. are the furocoumarins 5-methoxypsoralen (bergapten) and 8-methoxypsoralen, and the alkaloid dictamnin whose phototoxic properties were recently discovered. Even though reactions to the gas plant have been infrequently reported, it is becoming more popular with gardenus and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of phototoxic contact dermatitis.

5-Methoxypsoralen↗
PubMed1986

[Bullous phototoxic contact dermatitis caused by Dictamnus albus. The Bible's "burning bush"?].

A bullous phototoxic reaction occurred in a 27-year-old man working with the plant Dictamnus albus. The skin changes disappeared, leaving behind areas of hyperpigmentation, after treatment with corticoid-containing ointments. Possible causes are 5- and 8-methoxypsoralen, perhaps also photodynamically active alkaloids of the plant, as well as sun-ray exposure and sweating. Dictamnus albus may be the biblical "burning bush". Since the plant becoming ever more popular in German gardens, a phytophototoxic reaction should be considered in the differential diagnosis of the described symptoms.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2006

Monoamine oxidase inhibitory coumarins from the aerial parts of Dictamnus albus.

The methanol extract from the aerial parts of Dictamnus albus was active in inhibiting monoamine oxidase (MAO) from the mouse brain. Activity-guided fractionation led to the isolation of four known coumarins, 7-(6'R-hydroxy-3', 7'-dimethyl-2'E, 7'-octadienyloxy) coumarin (1), auraptene (2), umbelliferone (3), and xanthotoxin (4), as active compounds along with an inactive alkaloid, skimmianine (5). Compounds 1 and 2 inhibited MAO activity in a concentration-dependent manner with IC50 values of 0.7 and 1.7 microM, respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 showed a slight and potently selective inhibitory effect against MAO-B (IC50 0.5 and 0.6 microM, respectively) compared to MAO-A (IC50 1.3 and 34.6 microM, respectively). According to kinetic analyses derived by Lineweaver-Burk reciprocal plots, compounds 1 and 2 exhibited a competitive inhibition to MAO-B.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Inhibitory effects of furoquinoline alkaloids from Melicope confusa and Dictamnus albus against human phosphodiesterase 5 (hPDE5A) in vitro.

Eight furoquinoline alkaloids were purified from two plants belonging to the Rutaceae family. Kokusaginine, skimmianine, evolitrine, and confusameline were purified from Melicope confusa, and haplopine, robustine, dictamine, and gamma-fagarine from Dictamnus albus. In this study, the eight furoquinoline alkaloids were examined for inhibitory potency against human phosphodiesterase 5 (hPDE5A) in vitro. DNA encoding the catalytic domain of human PDE5A was amplified from the mRNA of T24 cells by RT-PCR and was fused to GST in an expression vector. GST-tagged PDE5A was then purified by glutathione affinity chromatography and used in inhibition assays. Of the eight alkaloids, gamma-fagarine was the most potent inhibitor of PDE5A, and its single methoxy group at the C-8 position was shown to be critical for inhibitory activity. These results clearly illustrate the relationship between PDE5A inhibition and the methoxy group position in furoquinoline alkaloids.

3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed2025

Transcriptome and metabolome profiling of the medicinal plant Dictamnus dasycarpus reveal key genes involved in quinoline alkaloids biosynthesis and limonoids biosynthesis.

BACKGROUND: As a member of Rutaceae family, Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz. represents a prominent medicinal plant and economically valuable crop in traditional Chinese medicine, and is renowned for its therapeutic efficacy in treating dermatological conditions. The pharmacological activity of this species primarily stems from quinoline alkaloids and limonoids, which predominantly accumulate in the taproots. These bioactive compounds serve as critical determinants of both medicinal quality and crop yield. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms governing their dynamic accumulation patterns in D. dasycarpus taproots remain uncertain, and the fundamental biochemical basis underlying this process has yet to be elucidated. RESULTS: Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses were carried out to investigate metabolites and gene expression during the development of D. dasycarpus taproots. The differentially accumulated secondary metabolites (DAMs) mainly included quinoline alkaloids and limonoids, and the accumulation of total alkaloids and total limonoids primarily occurred during 2- and 4-year-old. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are related to Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis, Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, Tryptophan metabolism, Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, Sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis, which had a close relationship with the accumulation of quinoline alkaloids and limonoids. Furthermore, we identified that some CYP450s, acetyltransferase, isomerase, 2-ODDs and others may play an important role in the process of producing quinoline alkaloids and limonoids. CONCLUSION: These results elucidated the molecular mechanisms and metabolic changes underlying the dynamic accumulation process occurring in the taproots of D. dasycarpus. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the planting and harvesting of D. dasycarpus.

Limonins↗
PubMed2006

[Determination of fraxinellone in root bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus by RP-HPLC].

OBJECTIVE: To develop a RP-HPLC method for determination of fraxinellone in Dictamnus dasycarpus. METHOD: RP-HPLC conditions were as follows: AT-LICHROM C18(4.6 mm x 250 mm) column, MeOH-H2O (70:30) as a mobile phase, detection wavelength 240 nm, column temperature 25 degrees C, Flow velocity 0.5 mL x min(-1). RESULT: Linear relationship is very good (r = 0.9999) in 0.018-0.18 mg x mL(-1). The average recovery is 98.9%, RSD is 1.2% (n = 4). CONCLUSION: The method is simple and repeatable and can be used for quantitative analysis of fraxinellone in root bark of D. dasycarpus.

Benzofurans↗
PubMed1992

Vasorelaxing effect in rat thoracic aorta caused by fraxinellone and dictamine isolated from the Chinese herb Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz: comparison with cromakalim and Ca2+ channel blockers.

The components of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz were tested for their vasorelaxing effect on the rat aorta, and fraxinellone and dictamine were shown to be effective vasorelaxants. In high K+ (60 mmol/l) medium, Ca2+ (0.03 to 3 mmol/l)-induced vasoconstriction was inhibited concentration-dependently by both agents. The IC50 for fraxinellone and dictamine were calculated to be about 25 mumol/l and 15 mumol/l (for Ca2+ concentration of 1 mmol/l), respectively. Cromakalim (0.2-10 mumol/l) relaxed aortic rings precontracted with 15 but not 60 mmol/l of K+. Fraxinellone and verapamil were more potent and effective in producing relaxation in 60 mmol/l than in 15 mmol/l K(+)-induced contraction. However, dictamine was more potent in producing relaxation in 15 mmol/l K(+)-induced contraction. Nifedipine (1 mumol/l), dictamine (100 mumol/l) and fraxinellone (100 mumol/l) relaxed the aortic contraction caused by KCl or Bay K 8644. The tonic contraction elicited by noradrenaline (NA, 3 mumol/l) was also relaxed by dictamine (500 mumol/l), but not by fraxinellone (500 mumol/l) in the nifedipine (1 mumol/l)-treated aorta. This relaxing effect of dictamine persisted in endothelium-denuded aorta. Glibenclamide (10 mumol/l) shifted the concentration-relaxation curve of cromakalim, but not that of dictamine, to the right in rat aortic rings precontracted with NA. Dictamine (500 mumol/l) did not affect tonic contraction of NA which are reduced by H-7 (1 mumol/l) in Ca(2+)-depleted medium. In conclusion, fraxinellone is a selective blocker of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel, while dictamine relaxed the rat aorta by suppressing the Ca2+ influx through both voltage-dependent and receptor-operated Ca2+ channels.

3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethy↗
PubMed1998

Antifungal alkaloids and limonoid derivatives from Dictamnus dasycarpus.

From the root bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus (Rutaceae), four limonoid derivatives, two furoquinoline alkaloids, five limonoids, two sesquiterpenes and three steroids were isolated and their structures elucidated on the basis of various spectroscopic methods. Among the identified compounds, one was determined to be a new natural product, 6 beta-hydroxyfraxinellone, while six compounds were found to be active against the plant pathogenic fungus Cladosporium cucumerinum. The relationship between the structures of limonoid derivatives and their inhibitory activity against fungal growth was investigated.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed2002

Feeding deterrents from Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz against two stored-product insects.

The screening for insecticidal principles from several Chinese medicinal herbs showed that the root bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus possessed significant feeding deterrence against two stored-product insects (Tribolium castaneum and Sitophilus zeamais). From the methanol extract, two feeding deterrents were isolated by bioassay-guided fractionation. The compounds were identified as fraxinellone and dictamnine from their spectroscopic data. Fraxinellone was demonstrated to possess feeding deterrent activity against adults and larvae of T. castaneum as well as S. zeamais adults with EC50 values of 36.4, 29.1, and 71.2 ppm, respectively. Dictamnine was shown to have feeding deterrent activity against adults and larvae of T. castaneum as well as S. zeamais adults with EC50 values of 57.6, 47.9, and 91.7 ppm, respectively.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed2002

Effect of phosphorus concentration of the nutrient solution on the volatile constituents of leaves and bracts of Origanum dictamnus.

The chemical composition of the essential oils obtained from the leaves and bracts of hydroponically cultivated Origanum dictamnus were analyzed by GC-MS techniques. Three different concentrations of phosphorus (5, 30, and 60 mg/L) in the nutrient solution were used for the cultivation, using the nutrient film technique (NFT). A total of 46 different compounds were identified and significant differences (qualitative and quantitative) were observed between the samples. Carvacrol and p-cymene were identified as the main compounds in all samples analyzed, whereas thymoquinone was found in higher percentage in the leaves than in bracts. The essential oils were tested for their antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The oils obtained from the bracts were found to be more active. The results obtained from GC-MS analyses were submitted to chemometric analysis.

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry↗
PubMed2001

Seven new sesquiterpene glycosides from the root bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus.

From the water-soluble constituents of the root bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus, six new eudesmane-type sesquiterpene glycosides, dictamnosides H-M (1-6), and a new trinorguaiane-type sesquiterpene glycoside, dictamnoside N (7), together with four known sesquiterpene glycosides, dictamnosides A (8), B (9), D (10), and G (11), were isolated. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses and chemical evidence. In vitro tests for immunological activity showed dictamnoside A (8) to possess remarkable activity in stimulating the proliferation of T-cells.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Cytotoxic terpenoid and immunosuppressive phenolic glycosides from the root bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus.

Five new compounds, two degraded terpene glycosides, dasycarpusides A and B (1, 2), and three phenolic glycosides, 2-methoxy-4-hydroxymethylphenol 1-O-alpha-rhamnopyranosyl-(1"-->6')- beta-glucopyranoside ( 3), 2-methoxy-4-acetylphenol 1-O-alpha-rhamnopyranosyl-(1"-->6')-beta-glucopyranoside (4), and 2-methoxy-4-(8-hydroxyethyl)-phenol 1-O-alpha-rhamnopyranosyl-(1"-->6')-beta-glucopyranoside (5), were isolated from the water-soluble constituents of the root bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz.(Rutaceae). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and chemical evidence. Moreover, it was found that dasycarpuside A (1) showed weak cytotoxic activity against A-549 (human lung adenocarcinoma) cell line, while 4 and 5 showed more remarkable activity of inhibiting the proliferation of T-cells in vitro.

4-Butyrolactone↗
PubMed1978

Phototoxicity of Dictamnus alba.

Phytophotodermatitis from Dictamnus alba was observed in three patients. Thin-layer chromatography and spectrophotometry disclosed the occurrence of 5-methoxypsoralen and 8-methoxypsoralen in the plant extracts which was also demonstrated by their phototoxic activity in vitro.

Dermatitis, Contact↗
PubMed1983

Ultrastructure, organization and cytochemistry of cytoplasmic crystalline inclusions in Origanum dictamnus L. leaf chlorenchyma cells.

In the cytoplasm of chlorenchyma cells in primary Origanum dictamnus leaves, rectangular prism-like crystals occur, which, as shown by pepsin digestion, are proteinaceous. In sections they usually show either a square lattice or striations running parallel to the short or long axis. In both cases the interspacings are estimated to be about 100 A, suggesting that the arrangement of the crystallographic planes possesses tetragonal symmetry. High magnifications of the crystalline inclusions together with analysis of their diffraction patterns showed that the striations are composed of double helices of protein macromolecules. In leaves 3-4 mm long, eroded crystals are often observed. When leaves are larger than 5 mm, no crystalline bodies can be identified in chlorenchyma cells. It is possible that they represent a storage form of protein, which is used later by the developing cells.

Chloroplasts↗
PubMed1984

Gas plant (Dictamnus albus) phytophotodermatitis simulating poison ivy.

A 48-year-old man presented with an itchy rash that resembled superficial burns or cane marks on his left forearm; similar lesions had appeared every summer for 5 years. Poison ivy dermatitis had been the initial diagnosis, but the patient knew that this plant was absent from his well tended garden. A visit to the garden revealed the gas plant Dictamnus albus, and occlusive patch testing with leaf cuttings produced a reaction after the skin was exposed to sunlight. Gas plant phytophotodermatitis was diagnosed.

Canada↗