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PubMedDate not supplied

Innovation-diffusion theory and the evolution of the nurse practitioner role: how a good thing has caught on.

Nurse practitioners are one of the most unique innovations in health care delivery in recent decades. In this article, Roger's innovation-diffusion theory is applied to an analysis of the evolution of the nurse practitioner role. The four elements of the diffusion process, the innovation, communication, time, and social system, are addressed. Consequences of the innovation-diffusion process, as well as research implications, are presented.

Communication↗
PubMed2004

Nurses' adoption of technology: application of Rogers' innovation-diffusion model.

This qualitative study applied Everett Rogers' innovation-diffusion model to analyze nurses' perceptions toward using a computerized care plan system. Twelve nurses from three respiratory intensive care units in Taiwan voluntarily participated in a one-on-one, in-depth interview. Data were analyzed by constant comparative analysis. The content that emerged was compared with the model's five innovation characteristics (relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, and observability), as perceived by new users. Results indicate that Rogers' model can accurately describe nurses' behavior during the process of adopting workplace innovations. Related issues that emerged deserve further attention to help nurses make the best use of technology.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The informatics nurse specialist as change agent. Application of innovation-diffusion theory.

The informatics nurse specialist (INS) is often the primary change agent in facilitating the implementation of clinical information systems (CIS) in healthcare settings. The INS has a unique understanding of the nursing issues that can affect the change process, and thus is in a key position to facilitate positive implementation outcomes. Innovation-diffusion theory is particularly useful in its application to the change agent role of the INS. With this theoretical knowledge, the INS can design CIS training interventions according to the psychological phenomena of Rogers' Innovation-Decision Process. An understanding of the decision-making process and the distribution of different rates of innovation adoption within a given population enable the INS to anticipate and address influential factors that affect the implementation process. Thus, Innovation-Diffusion Theory may be used as a powerful cognitive tool for the INS in facilitating the diffusion process and nurses' adoption of the technology in practice.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2000

Comprehensive cancer control initiative of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: an example of participatory innovation diffusion.

Site-specific and risk factor-specific cancer programs can point to impressive accomplishments, but coordination among them often is lacking. The Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, is working with state health agency staff and other stakeholders to develop a comprehensive, integrated, nationwide approach to cancer control. The participatory innovation diffusion model may help this complex public health innovation be adopted. The participants in the process identified problematic aspects of the innovation and steps that the division can take to ameliorate these problems before the innovation is implemented.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.↗
PubMed2005

Innovation, diffusion and safety of a medical technology: a review of the literature on injection practices.

The rapid uptake of the hypodermic syringe as a medical technology by physicians in Europe and America since its introduction in the middle of the 19th century has led to a level of medical and public acceptance seldom reached by other therapeutic techniques. Presently, the developed world has clear guidelines regarding injection use and safety; in contrast, developing countries are facing the brunt of risks associated with the use of this technology, which was introduced into their societies during the early 20th century. There is now a popular demand for injections, and an alarming number of unnecessary and unsafe injections are being administered. The problem of unsafe injections is not restricted to curative injections, but includes immunizations too. The association of unsafe injections and infection transmission is quite clear, and there is an urgent need to reduce the number of required injections and make them safe. An understanding of the determinants of current injection practices in the socio-cultural-economic context is necessary in order to plan relevant and effective interventions.

Diffusion of Innovation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Enhancing the effectiveness of HIV/AIDS prevention programs targeted to unique population groups in Thailand: lessons learned from applying concepts of diffusion of innovation and social marketing.

Diffusion of innovations theory and social marketing theory have been criticized for their limited applicability in influencing unique population groups (e.g., female commercial sex workers (CSWs) working in low-class brothels). This study investigated the applicability of these two theoretical frameworks in outreach efforts directed to unique populations at high risk for HIV/AIDS in Bangkok, Thailand. Further, this study examined Thai cultural characteristics that influence communication about HIV/AIDS prevention. The results suggest that certain concepts and strategies drawn from the two frameworks were used more or less by effective outreach programs, providing several policy-relevant lessons. Cultural constraints, such as the lack of visibility of the disease and traditional sexual practices, influenced communication about HIV/AIDS prevention.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Measuring the diffusion of innovative health promotion programs.

Once a health promotion program has proven to be effective in one or two initial settings, attempts may be made to transfer the program to new settings. One way to conceptualize the transference of health promotion programs from one locale to another is by considering the programs to be innovations that are being diffused. In this way, diffusion of innovation theory can be applied to guide the process of program transference. This article reports on the development of six questionnaires to measure the extent to which health promotion programs are successfully disseminated: Organizational Climate, Awareness-Concern, Rogers's Adoption Variables, Level of Use, Level of Success, and Level of Institutionalization. The instruments are being successfully used in a study of the diffusion of health promotion/tobacco prevention curricula to junior high schools in North Carolina. The instruments, which measure the four steps of the diffusion process, have construct validity since they were developed within existing theories and are derived from the work of previous researchers. No previous research has attempted to use instruments like these to measure sequentially the stages of the diffusion process.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Kokua Mau: a statewide effort to improve end-of-life care.

BACKGROUND: Many Americans die in pain, without hospice, and without regard to advance directives, suggesting a need to improve end-of-life (EOL) awareness and services. OBJECTIVE: This paper describes Kokua Mau, a community-state partnership to improve EOL in Hawaii funded by The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF). Coalition activities were guided by innovation-diffusion theory, targeting "innovators" and "change agents" within communities and organizations willing to learn about and facilitate improvements to EOL care. DESIGN: Evaluation of a community-wide intervention to improve EOL care. SETTING/SUBJECTS: Honolulu, Hawaii. MEASUREMENTS: We tracked dissemination of campaign messages by counting numbers of coalition members (including innovators and change agents to carry on the work), individuals reached through awareness and educational offerings, and new EOL projects initiated during and after the initial 3-year RWJF funding. To measure change, we counted the number of legislative policies that were modified by the coalition as well as indicators of hospice utilization, advance directive (AD) completion, support for physician-assisted death, and place of death. RESULTS: In the first 3 years of the project: coalition membership grew to 350 members; EOL care curricula were developed and offered to various target audiences; 17,000 individuals attended educational events; policy changes were facilitated; decreases were seen in proportions of residents supporting physician-assisted suicide; and increases were seen in advance directive completion rates and hospice utilization. Most importantly, after the grant period, coalition members went on to develop and implement new programs to improve care to the dying. CONCLUSIONS: Although it will take several years to effect comprehensive and sustained changes in the way death is perceived and the dying process is facilitated, findings suggest that programs based on innovation-diffusion theory can increase EOL awareness and help develop the change agents and role models needed to affect community-wide change over the long term.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Diffusion of innovation: computer technology in hospital pharmacy.

The diffusion of computer technology in hospital pharmacy departments was studied by surveying pharmacy directors in a randomly selected sample of 501 hospitals in the United States with at least 100 beds. Pharmacy directors were asked to indicate for which of 17 tasks a computer or memory typewriter was used in the pharmacy department. The time of first adopting computers in the department was compared with the predicted S adoption curve; adoption time was also correlated with characteristics of the hospital, pharmacy, and pharmacy director. Of the 417 respondents, 308 reported use of a memory typewriter or computer in the pharmacy. Fifty-one directors reported only memory-typewriter use, and 94 reported both computer and memory-typewriter use. Maintenance of patient census lists and patient billing were the most frequent uses of computers. The primary uses of memory typewriters were preparation of letters and labels. There was no significant difference in the actual and predicted S curves for time of adoption of computers. The number of months since first adopting computers was positively correlated with hospital bed size and the pharmacy director's number of years as a pharmacist, years in current position and with current employer, and number of subordinates; it was also positively correlated with number of pharmaceutical services and number of computer uses in the department. Computer technology is becoming more universally accepted in hospital pharmacy, and research on the diffusion of innovations suggests that acceptance will continue to increase.

Computers↗
PubMed2004

Forty years of diffusion of innovations: utility and value in public health.

This special issue is created to mark the 40th anniversary of Everett Rogers' Diffusion of Innovations (DOI) model. Diffusion is the process through which an innovation, defined as an idea perceived as new, spreads via certain communication channels over time among the members of a particular social system. A great deal of research in a variety of academic disciplines (about 5000 published studies so far) has been conducted on the diffusion of innovations over the past six decades. The areas of application for these studies range from hybrid seed corn to modern math, to the snowmobile to antibiotic drugs, to HIV/AIDS prevention (Rogers, 1995). These investigations have led to a general model of the diffusion of innovations, which can be applied to the recent spread of the Internet or to any other new idea. Everett Roger's ground-breaking model has contributed to a greater understanding of behavioral change, including the variation in rates of adoption of innovations, and it has held a broad scope of practical applications in the field of public health.

Communication↗
PubMed2004

Diffusion of innovations: a world tour.

This contribution to the 40th Anniversary celebration of the Diffusion of Innovations Theory discusses three health communication projects which applied the tenets of Diffusion of Innovation Theory with differing results: Using voodoo practitioners to pave the way for HIV/AIDS education in Haiti. A food-based approach to improving Vitamin A nutrition in Nepal. Diffusion at the horizon of life: The difficulties of communicating reproductive health to youth in Mali. The article illustrates a spectrum of circumstances in which diffusion theory has been applied, in order to show the application of the theory with different populations or target groups, in different sectors, and in different regions of the world.

Diffusion of Innovation↗
PubMed2004

Diffusion of innovations: family planning in developing countries.

One of the best examples of the validity of the theory of "diffusion of innovations" is the case of family planning in developing countries. The desire of health, development and environment advocates in rich countries to make modern contraceptive use and lower fertility a norm in developing countries was translated into organized efforts to reach top-level leaders in these countries. Once on board, these high-level leaders cooperated with bilateral and international funding agencies as well as private foundations to develop mass media and community education campaigns, while simultaneously setting up clinic infrastructure; training doctors, nurses and outreach workers; and developing a new and varied "cafeteria" of modern methods. Over the intervening decades, this innovation was indeed diffused and became a norm, but not without its controversies and missed opportunities.

Developing Countries↗
PubMed1985

The diffusion of innovations in hospitals. Some econometric considerations.

Empirical studies of the diffusion of innovations have not addressed adequately econometric problems that are characteristic of such analyses. Reanalysis of data for five innovations using an estimator with desirable statistical properties results in a considerably revised estimate of the impact of prospective reimbursement on diffusion.

Capital Expenditures↗