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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical studies on peripheral hemodynamics in arterial hypertension.

Digital blood pressure and flow were measured in both normal subjects and patients with essential hypertension by means of the apparatus which have been recently devised, and peripheral vascular resistance was calculated according to Poiseuille's law in order to compare them. 1. Digital blood pressure is higher, the digital blood flow is less and the peripheral vascular resistance is stronger in patients with essential hypertension than in normotensives. 2. Hypertensive patients with ischemic heart disease, calcification of the aortic arch, left ventricular hypertrophy and heart size greater than 53% of the cardio-thoracic ratio were higher in the digital pressure, less in the digital flow, and stronger in the peripheral vascular resistance than those without these findings of the heart and the aortic arch. 3. The curve of relationship obtained from many cases of both normotensives and hypertensives between the digital blood flow and the peripheral vascular resistance forms a hyperbola. 4. Peripheral vascular resistance in both normotensives and hypertensives increased gradually with age up to 50-60 years, and decreased slightly thereafter. The resistance was stronger in patients with essential hypertension than in normotensives through all ages.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2026

Urate-lowering effects of losartan: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and target trial emulation.

Common in hypertensive patients, hyperuricaemia is often exacerbated by guideline-recommended antihypertensive therapies such as thiazide diuretics. Losartan is known as an angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonist with a uricosuric effect, but the magnitude of its efficacy in lowering urate has not been quantified versus a placebo-reference. We sought to quantify the urate-lowering effect of losartan versus placebo using two complementary approaches. We first conducted a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to quantify the effect of losartan on serum urate levels versus placebo. We then applied a target trial emulation framework in the UK Biobank as a secondary source of data and a replication experiment. The meta-analysis of six prospective randomised controlled trials (RCTs), including 1119 losartan-treated patients and 1093 controls, demonstrated that losartan reduced serum urate levels by approximately 0.29 mg/dL relative to placebo (95% CI: -0.46 to -0.12, p = 0.0009). In the target trial emulation, 23 losartan-treated individuals showed a reduction in serum urate of approximately 0.35 mg/dL (95% CI: -0.66 to -0.03, p = 0.03) when compared with 92 matched controls, and after accounting for 12 potential confounders including established urate-lowering therapies. Our results provide evidence for a modest yet consistent urate-lowering potential of losartan. This modest biochemical effect (~0.3 mg/dL) may be an attractive option to mitigate the diuretic-induced urate elevation. Thus, losartan can be considered as a favourable antihypertensive choice for patients managed with diuretics or those who are at risk of hyperuricaemia/gout.

Losartan↗
PubMed1977

Venous tone in essential hypertension.

Peripheral venous tone was measured in 124 patients with essential hypertension and in 20 healthy persons by digital electroplethysmography according to B. E. Votchal. In patients with hypertension stage II, the venous tone significantly decreased with increasing arterial tone; in patients in stage I this tendency was statistically not significant. In orthostasis the increase in venous tone was much lesser than that in arterial tone. The close positive correlation between venous capacity and the degree of decrease in systolic and pulse pressure make it possible to assess the systemic venous pressure on the basis of findings obtained from occlusion plethysmographic measurements. In patients with hypertensive disease in stage IIA, treated with reserpine, the arterial tone and pressure decreased, whereas the venous tone significantly increased (normalized).

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Neuropsychological correlates of hypertension.

Twenty newly diagnosed, untreated hypertensive men (diastolic blood pressure greater than 105 mm Hg) and 20 normotensive controls were given a neuropsychological battery, including tests of generalized, more global functions (eg, reaction time and full-scale IQ) and of specific functions (eg, language and visual-spatial abilities) sensitive to focal damage. Tests of specific abilities yielded no differences between the two groups. In contrast, tests of general neuropsychological functioning revealed a deficit among hypertensives, who were significantly slower on the reaction time test and had a shorter span for digits in forward order. Results suggest that arterial hypertension is associated with impairment of vigilance and attention span. Future research will determine whether this impairment is associated with the diffuse pathological changes seen in the brain of hypertensive subjects, or with a more "functional" change (eg, reduced cerebral blood flow).

Attention↗
PubMed2026

The effect of dietetic counseling combined with digital tools intervention on hemodynamic markers in Greek adults: The GATEKEEPER Study.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Hypertension is a leading cardiovascular risk factor with substantial global impact on morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. While lifestyle interventions remain central to management, mHealth technologies offer promising adjunctive support, though their clinical effectiveness remains uncertain. This study evaluated whether combining dietetic counseling with digital tools improves hemodynamic markers in adults aged ≥55 years with increased cardiometabolic risk. METHODS AND RESULTS: This 3-month RCT (NCT05031299) included 954 adults with at least one metabolic syndrome risk factor, allocated 1:1:1 to Standard Care (dietetic counseling), Platform (counseling plus web-based platform), or Platform + Devices (counseling plus platform plus wearables). Outcomes included anthropometrics, lifestyle characteristics, blood pressure, pulse pressure, and estimated pulse wave velocity, analyzed using linear mixed-effects models adjusted for age and sex. All groups improved over 3 months. Waist circumference decreased by -6.29, -4.92, and -4.69 cm across Standard Care, Platform, and Platform + Devices groups respectively, and systolic blood pressure declined by -4.84 to -7.15 mmHg across groups. The Platform + Devices group showed greater increases in physical activity (94.62 MET-min/week; 95% CI 66.49 to 122.76) and greater reductions in pulse pressure (-3.90 mmHg; -6.58 to -1.22) versus Standard Care. Weight loss was associated with lower odds of hypertension (OR 0.4; 95% CI 0.2-0.7), greater likelihood of hypertension reversal (OR 3.6; 1.2-10.3), and higher probability of achieving normal pulse pressure (OR 1.8; 1.1-3.1). CONCLUSIONS: Dietary lifestyle intervention improved cardiometabolic outcomes, with limited added benefit from digital tools. Weight loss was the primary driver of hemodynamic improvement.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Visual field changes in ocular hypertension. A computer-based analysis.

A minicomputer system has been developed to digitize and store visual field data. In 110 cortiocosteroid-nonresponding subjects aged 10 to 75, the area of the i4e and i2e isopters and of the blind spot changed linearly as a function of age. Within this population the same visual field parameters were randomly distributed with respect to intraocular pressure. In 32 cortiocosteroid responders (increase in intraocular pressure to over 31 mm Hg after topical administration of corticosteroids) with normal visual fields, the central visual field area (i2e isopter) was reduced as a nonlinear function of IOP. Increases in IOP in excess of 8 mm Hg were required to produce significant mean reductions in central visual field area.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[The effects of atenolol on the heart size, on the heart rate, and on the blood pressure at rest (author's transl)].

Cardiac functions like heart size, heart rate, and blood pressure were studied at rest in 23 digitalized and 24 not digitalized patinents recovering from a myocardial infarction, in 16 patients with arterial hypertension and in 9 patients with regulatory dysfunctions of the circulation before and after a three week period of treatment with 2 x 50 mg or 2 x 100 mg atenolol per day. The heart rate and the blood pressure of every patient were significantly reduced, whereas the heart size which was determined by X-ray in lying patient showed no clear difference. Furthermore, the determination of the heart size facilitates the decision of the additional digitalization when the start of a long-term treatment with beta-blocking agents seems to be necessary in the aforementioned patient groups.

Atenolol↗
PubMed1979

[Left ventricular relaxation and filling abnormalities in patients with HOCM and left ventricular pressure overload (author's transl)].

In order to test the hypothesis that delayed mitral valve opening (MO) with regard to endsystolic dimension (t DS-MO) is specific for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM), LV echograms of patients with different forms of LV hypertrophy due to chronic pressure overload (CPO; aortic stenosis + arterial hypertension, n = 24) and hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (n = 24) were recorded, digitized and compared with those of normals (N :n = 28(. In patients with HOCM (93 +/- 37 ms; p less than 0.0001) and CPO (66 +/- 31 ms; p less than 0.0001) the time t DS-MO was significantly delayed compared with N (13 +/- 15 MS), due to abnormal relaxation. This prolonged relaxation time resulted in an abnormal diameter increase (delta D) during the isovolumic relaxation phase (HOCM: 4.0 +/- 2.2 MM/CPO: 3.0 +/- 1.8 mm; p less than 0.0001/N:0.6 +/- 0.5 mm) and the rapid filling phase (HOCM 7.6 +/- 2.7 mm; p less than 0.0001/CPO 9.2 +/- 2.9 mm; p less than 0.05 / N: 10.7 +/- 2.2 mm). The echocardiographical signs of an abnormal relaxation are not specific for HOCM, they can be seen in different forms of secondary LV hypertrophy and are accompanied by changes in the diastolic filling pattern.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Computer data processing in the examination of retinal vessels in essential hypertension and atherosclerosis.

The mean retinal venoarterial width ratio in 100 healthy subjects was measured with a PZO stereoscopic microscope equipped with a calibrated ocular and with an automatic digital image transformer coupled with an ODRA 1204 computer. The mean value was estimated as equal to 1.21 with an SD of 0.071. The same study was performed in 75 atherosclerotic patients and 75 patients with essential hypertension. In the first group the mean retinal venoarterial width ratio amounted to 1.51 (SD 0.054), while in the second one it was equal to 1.53 (SD 0.079).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Pulmonary hypertension in the CREST syndrome variant of progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma).

Severe pulmonary hypertension without pulmonary fibrosis occurred in 10 patients with the CREST syndrome (calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal dysfunction, sclerodactyly, telangiectasia), reputedly a benign variant of progressive systemic sclerosis. Time from the initial symptom, Raynaud's phenomenon, to the recognition of pulmonary hypertension was as long as 40 years. Pulmonary hypertension and increased pulmonary vascular resistance was shown in all patients. Autopsy examination in three of six deaths attributable to pulmonary hypertension showed intimal proliferation with myxomatous change in the small- and medium-sized pulmonary arteries similar to changes in the digital arteries of patients with scleroderma and Raynaud's phenomenon, and interlobular renal arteries of those with "scleroderma kidney." It is concluded that the CREST syndrome is not entirely benign but may be complicated, after a long clinical course, by progressive pulmonary vascular obliteration, pulmonary hypertension, and death in the absence of significant pulmonary fibrosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Cardiac disturbances after pneumonectomy--the value of prophylactic digitalization.

The incidence of postoperative cardiac disturbances and the value of prophylactic digitalization were studied retrospectively in 143 patients undergoing pneumonectomy for carcinoma of the lung. Cardiac arrhythmias occurred in 29% and tachycardia episodes in 30% of the patients. The incidence of myocardial infarction was 2%. Operative mortality was 4%. The cardiac disturbances developed more often after left than after right pneumonectomy. The age of the patients, a history of angina pectoris or hypertension did not markedly increase the incidence of cardiac disturbances, neither did operative factors, such as pericardiotomy, left atrial resection, major bleeding nor postoperative empyema. Prophylactic digitalization significantly reduced postoperative cardiac disorders, their frequency being 33% in the group of patients who received prophylactic digitalis compared with 65% in the group that did not.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of antihypertensive drugs on blood velocity in rhesus monkeys.

Increasing evidence suggests that higher blood velocity, by causing turbulence and high shear rates at the endothelial surfaces of arteries, may be important in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In order to measure the effects of antihypertensive agents on blood velocity, an improved method has been developed for analysis of Doppler ultrasound velocity recordings. The audio signal from a Doppler velocity meter is subjected to spectral analysis; the sonagraph thus obtained is digitized with the use of a magnetic table on-line with a calculator. Four monkeys were maintained at a hypertensive baseline for six weeks by infusion of angiotensin and isoproterenol. The effects on blood velocity of 72-hour infusions of propranolol, clonidine, hydralazine, and methyldopa were studied. In doses that reduced diastolic pressure by 13--28%, propranolol decreased mean blood velocity (mv) by 17%, clonidine decreased mv by 14%, while methyldopa increased mv 12%, and hydralazine increased mv by 52% (p less than .00001). Antihypertensive drugs appear to have different effects on blood velocity; these differences may influence choice of antihypertensive drugs for the prevention of arterial disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Continuous assessment of left ventricular volume by ultrasonic analogue conversion system.

Applicability of ultrasonic analogue conversion system devised by us for assessments of left ventricular volume was examined in patients with and without heart disease. The conversion system could sample the echoes from the endocardial surfaces of the interventricular septum and the posterior left ventricular wall. The conversion system could also calculate automatically the minor axis and volume of the left ventricle. End-diastolic, end-systolic, and stroke volumes calculated by the conversion system were close to those calculated from biplane ventriculograms and to those calculated from photographic records of B-mode echo-display. Change in left ventricular volume caused by respiration ranged up to 17.5%. Spontaneous variations in left ventricular volume during continuous monitoring was up to 7.5%. End-diastolic, end-systolic, and stroke volumes were reduced by sublingual administration of nitroglycerin. The results indicate applicability of the ultrasonic analogue conversion system for continuous assessments of left ventricular volume in man.

Analog-Digital Conversion↗
PubMed1977

The lacrimo-auriculo-dento-digital syndrome.

A mother and son had an autosomal-dominant malformation syndrome that included absence of the lacrimal puncta, obstruction of the nasolacrimal ducts, hearing loss, poor dentition, and abnormal thumbs. The son also had severe hypertension with renal anomalies and absence of several salivary glands. Affected members of the only other reported family also had cup-shaped ears and synostosis of the radius and ulna. Early recognition of this disorder is important because of the possibility that the affected infant may have hearing loss and kidney malformations.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗