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Results for “Dimethoate”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

[The effect of dimethoate selection on trichlorfon and dimethoate sensitivity in Musca domestica].

Selecting of strain a Musca domestica resistant to trichlorphon with Bi 58 (active ingredient: dimethoate) resulted in an only slight (1.33-fold) increase of the resistance to dimethoate between 1974 and 1975. In the same time the resistance to trichlorphon rose to 5.28 times the original degree. The resistance extends to some other organophosphates, especially malathion, dichlorvos and bromophos, but not to diazinon. Among the insecticides registered for control of flies in pig-sties Bi 58 has the greatest chance, though there exists neither a certainty for the decrease of the resistance to trichlorphon nor for the non-appearance of a resistance to dimethoate. To overcome the problem of flies in stables and sties, particularly in plants of industrial cattle-breeding, complex measures must be taken.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effects of dimethoate on collagen metabolism in rats.

The effects of three different doses of dimethoate on the collagen metabolism in the tissues of female albino rats were studied by measuring the specific and total activities of 3H-hydroxyproline in the dermal, gingival and uteral collagen fractions and in the urine. Compared to controls, the total activity of 3H-hydroxyproline in the soluble collagen and in the urine at 12 h after the administration of 3H-proline was significantly lower by 44.45 and 58.12 per cent in the higher dose (2.25 mg/100 g body weight) of dimethoate treated groups respectively. The urinary excretion of hydroxyproline and the total activity of urinary 3H-hydroxyproline measured after 28 days of injection of labelled proline were decreased by 45.56 and 32.68 per cent in higher doses of dimethoate treated animals respectively but the excretions of urinary 3H-hydroxyproline were decreased by 6.36 and 2.88 per cent in lower doses of dimethoate (0.56 mg/100 g body weight) treated animals. The results of the present investigation clearly indicate that the synthesis of collagen is decreased in the higher doses of dimethoate treated animals compared to lower doses of dimethoate treated animals. In addition, the rates of catabolism of both soluble and insoluble collagens were decreased in higher doses of dimethoate treated rats. In concludes that the lower doses of dimethoate (0.56 mg) treated rats were less affected than the higher doses of dimethoate (2.25 mg) treated rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Toxicological effects of an organophosphorus pesticide (dimethoate) on urinary collagen metabolites in normal and high protein diets fed female albino rats.

The effect of an organophosphorus pesticide (dimethoate) on the urinary excretion of hydroxyproline (total, nondialysable, dialysable and free fractions) and hydroxylysylglycosides, glucosylgalactosyl hydroxylysine and galactosehydroxylysine was investigated in two groups of female albino rats fed with normal and high protein diets. In comparison to controls, dimethoate treated animals were found to excrete significantly decreased amounts of urinary hydroxyproline fractions from 7th day onwards. The excretion of total hydroxylysylglycoside in urine parallels the excretion of hydroxyproline. The urinary output of both glu-gal-hyl and gal-hyl was also appreciably lower from dimethoate treated animals. The normal ratio of glu-gal-hyl and gal-hyl found in the urine of dimethoate treated animals was discussed in light of decreased turn over of collagen in both bone and skin. The effect of dimethoate in rats fed with high protein diet was comparatively less than those fed with normal diet.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Determination of dimethoate in blood and hemoperfusion cartridge following ingestion of formothion: a case study.

A 57-year-old male who had ingested not more than 22 g of formothion was semicomatose on admission to hospital, approximately 1.5 h after ingestion. Dimethoate, a hydrolyzed formothion, was found in blood samples collected from the patient and in the charcoal column in the direct hemoperfusion cartridge which was used 6 to 7.5 h after ingestion. It was extracted and purified by Extrelut column extraction. A gas chromatograph, equipped with a flame photometric detector and a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer, were used to detect and confirm the presence of dimethoate. The blood dimethoate concentrations which were taken approximately 1.5 and 6 h after ingestion were 21.4 and 12.7 micrograms/g, respectively. A blood dimethoate concentration of 21.4 micrograms/g would appear to indicate a high level of formothion intoxication. The total amount of dimethoate found in the charcoal column used was 15 mg.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1979

Behavior of dialifor, dimethoate, and methidathion in artificially fortified grape juice processed into wine.

Dialifor and methidathion were added to diluted "Zinfandel" grape concentrate at 25 ppm and dimethoate at 1.0 and 25 ppm prior to fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The finished wine 56 days later contained 10% (2.5 ppm) of the dialifor, 46% (12 ppm) of the methidathion and 85% (21 and 0.98 ppm) of the dimethoate added to the grape must. Residues in wine stored at 24 degrees C dissipated by hydrolysis; half-lives in wine were 7 days for dialifor and methidathion and 30 days for dimethoate. Residues were unchanged in wine in frozen storage for one year. Analysis of seven commercial wines for dimethoate indicated less than 0.03 ppm dimethoate was present; identity could not be confirmed by thin-layer chromatography at this level.

Beverages↗
PubMed1991

In vitro effect of dimethoate on the activity of tryptophan pyrrolase in rat liver.

Total and holo-enzyme activities of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase were measured in vitro in the presence and absence of the organophosphorous insecticide, dimethoate. Addition of dimethoate to the reaction mixture decreased the activities of both total and holo-forms. Total and holo-enzyme activities were decreased by 34% and 26%, respectively, by 1 mM dimethoate. On the other hand, 5 mM dimethoate resulted in 56% and 34% inhibition to total and holo-enzyme activities, respectively. Lineweaver-Burk plot of the total-enzyme activity at different tryptophan concentration in the presence of 2 mM dimethoate gave uncompetitive type of inhibition.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Comparative response of nestling European starlings and red-winged blackbirds to an oral administration of either dimethoate or chlorpyrifos.

Red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus; blackbird) and European starling (Sturnus vulgaris; starling) nestlings were dosed with either 2.0 mg/kg body mass chlorpyrifos, 50.0 mg/kg body mass dimethoate, or a propylene glycol carrier in situ. Four growth measurements (body mass, culmen, tarsus, wing) were recorded from nestlings to determine if these organophosphorus compounds caused perturbations in development at sublethal concentrations. Blackbird nestlings were more sensitive to chlorpyrifos than starling nestlings were more sensitive to dimethoate than blackbird nestlings. This was in contrast to reported adult LD50 values where the reverse was true. Blackbird nestlings were more tolerant of a substantially higher concentration of dimethoate than the adult LD50. The sensitivity of starling nestlings to dimethoate was similar to adults. In contrast, juveniles of both species were more sensitive to chlorpyrifos than adults. After the initial 24 hr, surviving nestlings dosed with either chemical recovered and continued their development. Exposure to dimethoate caused significant depression in starling body mass during the initial 24 hr period. Survivors obtain body mass equal to controls within 48 hr post dosing. The research presented here demonstrates that the simple supposition that passerine nestlings are typically more sensitive to toxins than adults does not always hold true. It also indicates that sensitivity relationships among adults do not necessarily apply to their nestlings.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

Toxic effects of different concentrations of dimethoate on lysosomal enzymes of female albino rats.

The effect of three different concentrations of dimethoate on the activity of certain lysosomal enzymes, viz. beta-glucuronidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, cathepsin B and cathepsin D in serum, skin, liver, kidney and spleen and the stability of liver and kidney lysosomes was studied in female albino rats. The activity of beta-glucuronidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, cathepsin D was found to increase in serum and tissues in higher concentration (2.25 mg/100 g body weight) of dimethoate treated rats. A significant increase in the rate of release of beta-glucuronidase was found in the liver and kidney of higher concentration of dimethoate treated rats compared to controls. The results demonstrate that the activity of lysosomal enzymes increased in higher concentration of dimethoate treated rats than the lower concentration (0.56 mg/100 g body weight) of dimethoate treated rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

In vivo chronic effect of dimethoate and deltamethrin on rabbits.

The in vivo effect of dimethoate and deltamethrin on body and organ weights, serum proteins and on plasma acetylcholinesterase (AChE), aromatic esterase and ATPase were examined in growing male rabbits throughout five months period. Both compounds had no significant effect on body weight; however, adrenal, testis & pituitary weights decreased (P less than 0.01); the liver and spleen weights increased (P less than 0.01) in a dose dependent manner. Serum total proteins and globulin decreased (P less than 0.01) in a dose dependent trend, while serum albumin was not greatly affected. AChE activity was increased (P less than 0.01) after 1 month of treatment with the two doses of dimethoate and deltamethrin; thereafter, AChE activity showed 40% inhibition of the control level. The activity of aromatic esterase increased markedly after the first month, then declined gradually until the fifth month. High dose of dimethoate markedly inhibited this enzyme particularly after the 5th month of treatment. Both doses of deltamethrin increased ATPase activity after the first month of treatment, then the ATPase activity was normal. Dimethoate inhibited ATPase particularly at the end of treatment in a dose dependent manner.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1992

Toxicity of dimethoate on urinary hydroxyproline in rats.

The effect of the administration of three different concentrations (2.25, 1.13 and 0.56 mg/100 g body weight) of dimethoate on the urinary excretion of total, non dialysable and free hydroxyproline were studied in female albino rats. Compared to controls, the urine contents were significantly lower in higher concentration (2.25 mg/100 g body weight) of dimethoate treated rats. The results clearly indicate that the urine contents were not much affected in lower concentration (0.56 mg/100 g body weight) of dimethoate treated rats compared to the other concentrations (1.13 and 0.56 mg/100 g body weight) of dimethoate treated rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Influence of dimethoate on testicular and epididymal organs, testosterone plasma level and their tissue residues in rats.

The effect of dimethoate at two dosage levels (6.25 and 12.50 mg/kg b. wt.) on male reproduction tissues and their tissue residues in rats were studied. The tested doses were given orally to male rats for 65 consecutive days. Sex organs weight analysis, semen picture, testosterone levels and histopathology of the male genital organs were the criteria used to evaluate the reproductive efficiency of the treated rats. There was a dose-related decrease in the weights of most genital organs and sperm motility associated with an increase in the percentages of dead and morphologically abnormal spermatozoa of treated rats. A decrease in plasma testosterone levels was observed in the treated groups. Histological examination revealed that dimethoate caused testicular lesions characterized by moderate to severe degenerative changes of spermatogonial cells and by partial arrest of spermatogenesis. Sections from liver revealed that the central veins and hepatic sinusoids appeared dilated, with some areas of haemorrhage. The highest concentrations from dimethoate were found in liver and tests and the lowest in skeletal muscle. Dimethoate and its metabolite analog were still present in a detectable concentration 21 days after stopping its oral administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effect of dimethoate on hepatic cytochrome P-450 and glutathione S-transferase activity in pigeon and rat.

Effect of acute exposure (24 hr) to different oral doses of dimethoate on hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 (Cyt. P-450) content and cytosolic glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity were determined in pigeon and rat to ascertain difference in the metabolic response as a measure of species selective toxicity. Dimethoate at five different doses caused a statistically significant decrease in Cyt. P-450 content both in pigeon and rat. However, reduction in GST activity was significant at three doses in pigeon and at high dose in rat. Thus, a different quantum of hepatic Cyt. P-450 decrease and a differed response of GST activity against dimethoate exposure in pigeon and rat may be one of the possible causes for relatively higher toxicity of dimethoate in birds.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Quantitative conformation of dimethoate residues in wheat plants by single ion mass spectrometry.

A gas chromatographic-single ion mass spectrometric method was developed for determining dimethoate residues in wheat plants. The base peak (m/e 37) of dimethoate was chosen as the single ion peak, and methyl stearate was used as an internal standard for this analysis. The minimum detectable concentration of dimethoate by this method was about 0.1 ppm for a 20 g wheat plant sample. The recoveries of dimethoate were about 89% at 0.13 ppm and greater than 96% at 0.5-1 ppm.

Dimethoate↗