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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

The impact for causal associations between common diseases and inflammatory bowel disease: a disease-wide bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.

OBJECTIVES: Observational studies on associations between various diseases and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are often limited by confounding and reverse causation. We aimed to assess potential causal relationships between a wide range of diseases and IBD, including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS: We performed a comprehensive bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis of 104 common diseases and IBD traits using the generalized summary-data-based MR (GSMR) approach. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for diseases were obtained from the MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, and IBD data from the International IBD Genetics Consortium. Summary-data-based MR (SMR) integrating GWAS and expression quantitative trait locus data was applied to identify pleiotropic genes associated with IBD. RESULTS: MR analyses identified 38, 34, and 52 exposures significantly associated with IBD, UC, and CD, respectively. Childhood- and adult-onset asthma showed distinct causal effects on UC and CD. Reverse MR indicated associations between IBD traits and 15 diseases, including multiple sclerosis. SMR identified RGS14 and CARD9 as pleiotropic genes linked to IBD, suggesting shared genetic mechanisms with asthma and multiple sclerosis. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide evidence for causal links and shared immune-related genetic mechanisms underlying IBD, highlighting potential targets for future research.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

Inflammatory cell count and identification in specific duodenitis. (Celiac disease, Whipple's disease and Crohn's disease). Comparison with jejunal findings.

The authors studied the count and identification of inflammatory cells in duodenal biopsies of specific duodenitis. In celiac disease there is an increase of lymphocytes in the epithelial layer, and rich population of plasmacells in the lamina propria of duodenal mucosa. In Whipple's disease the reticulum cell component of lamina propria is increased, while total inflammatory cells are within normal limits, and both lymphocytes and plasmacells are decreased. The comparison between duodenal and jejunal findings shows similar data in celiac and Whipple's disease. In Crohn's disease the inflammatory cell count differs from controls only in presence of radiological or endoscopical features of duodenal involvement.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Frequency of peripheral arterial occlusive disease in patients with coronary heart disease with and without infarction (author's transl)].

In 107 consecutive patients the frequency of peripheral arterial occlusive disease in coronary heart disease was assessed by selective coronary angiography and sonographic Doppler pressure estimation. Among 75 patients with coronary heart disease 21 (28%) had arterial occlusive disease, among 32 patients without coronary heart disease only one (3%). There was no statistically significant correlation between the severity of both diseases. 40 out of 75 patients with coronary heart disease had suffered from cardiac infarction. Infarction frequency showed a highly significant correlation with increasing severity of the coronary heart disease, but none with increasing severity or frequency of arterial occlusive disease. When there was no arterial occlusive disease all degrees of severity of coronary heart disease were found. Analysing the literature it becomes evident that coronary heart disease is frequently an isolated or premature manifestation of arteriosclerosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2026

Prion disease mimicking rapidly progressive Alzheimer disease: case series and systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Prion disease and Alzheimer disease (AD) are common causes of rapidly progressive dementia (RPD). Although most patients with prion disease are distinguished by MRI and CSF findings, selected cases mimic rapidly progressive AD. We characterized AD-prion disease mimics within a prospective cohort and the extant literature to identify the clinical features and tests that support accurate diagnoses in these patients. METHODS: Patients with prion disease initially diagnosed as rapidly progressive AD were identified from a prospective cohort study at Mayo Clinic (February 2020-June 2026) and through systematic review of MEDLINE and Embase. RESULTS: Of 204 patients with RPD, five (2.5%) were initially diagnosed with clinically probable AD but ultimately determined to have prion disease. Systematic review identified 10 additional cases (n=15, median age-at-onset, 59 years; 67% male). Presentations reproduced amnestic (53%), dysexecutive (27%), primary progressive aphasia (13%), and posterior cortical atrophy (7%) AD phenotypes; median time from AD diagnosis to consideration of prion disease was 2 months. Diffusion-weighted MRI abnormalities were absent in Mayo Clinic cases and absent/equivocal (n=2) or overlooked (n=8) in published cases. CSF biomarkers were consistent with AD in 6/9 tested patients, with elevated total tau levels in 11/13 patients and total-tau/p hosphorylated-tau181 ratios in 5/9 patients. Real-time quaking-induced conversion assays for prions were positive in the CSF of 9/12 patients. Prion disease was confirmed by neuropathology (n=7), genetics (n=2), or real-time quaking-induced conversion (n=6) assays. CONCLUSIONS: Prion disease may rarely mimic rapidly progressive AD. Disproportionate elevations in CSF total-tau levels or total-tau/p hosphorylated-tau181 ratios should prompt consideration of prion disease.

Humans↗
PubMed2025

Efficacy of Advanced Therapies in Achieving Remission by Disease Location in Crohn's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: We compared the efficacy of different advanced therapies by disease location in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) through a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: Through a systematic review, we identified 14 randomized controlled trials in 3139 patients with moderate-to-severe CD who were treated with different advanced therapies vs placebo, and reported efficacy in inducing clinical remission, stratified by disease location (isolated colonic vs ileal disease, excluding ileocolonic disease). We grouped advanced therapies based on the primary mechanism of action: anti-interleukins, Janus kinase inhibitors (JAK inhibitors), anti-integrins, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists. We calculated treatment efficacy (drug vs placebo), overall and by drug class, for colonic vs ileal disease. RESULTS: Overall treatment efficacy of advanced therapies vs placebo was higher in patients with colonic (odds ratio [OR], 4.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.02-5.54) vs ileal CD (OR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.23-2.63; P < .001). By drug class, anti-interleukins demonstrated a higher efficacy in colonic disease (OR, 4.29; 95% CI, 2.77-6.64) vs ileal disease (OR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.44-3.70; P = .059), whereas no difference in efficacy was observed with anti-integrins (colonic vs ileal: OR, 1.79; 95% CI, 0.55-5.87 vs 2.10; 95% CI, 0.80-5.53; P = .84). For JAK inhibitors, efficacy was observed only in patients with isolated colonic disease (OR, 4.37; 95% CI, 2.67-7.15), but not in ileal disease (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.54-1.89; P < .001). All analyses had minimal to moderate heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS: The magnitude of efficacy of advanced therapies for ileal CD is generally lower compared with isolated colonic CD, with JAK inhibitors showing particularly limited efficacy for ileal disease. These results may help inform treatment selection.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

Role of hypertension in ischemic heart disease and cerebral vascular disease in the cynomolgus monkey with coarctation of the aorta.

The role of hypertension in cardiovascular disease was studied in the hypertensive coarcted monkey during the feeding of an atherogenic and nonatherogenic diet. During the 15-month period of observation, half of the hypertensive coarcted monkeys developed cardiovascular disease which included heart failure, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and sudden death. There were no cardiovascular complications in the control normotensive monkeys except for one cholesterol-fed animal. The incidence of ischemic heart disease and sudden cardiac death was higher in monkeys with both hypertension and hypercholesterolemia than in those with hypertension or hypercholesterolemia alone. Postmortem studies revealed that the former monkeys had both hypertensive and atherosclerotic heart disease, whereas the monkeys with hypertension or hypercholesterolemia had either hypertensive or atherosclerotic heart disease. Hypertensive heart disease was characterized not only by hypertrophy of the left ventricle but also by focal myocardial degeneration and fibrosis and by focal thickening and narrowing of the small coronary arteries, particularly the sinus node artery and the atrioventricular node artery. The finding of transmural myocardial infarction in two monkeys with patient coronary arteries suggests a possible role of coronary artery spasm in ischemic heart disease in hypertension. The cerebral vascular complications of hypertension included hypertensive encephalopathy, transient "ischemic" attacks, and hemorrhagic stroke. The complications were associated with severe hypertension and with hypertensive vascular disease or hypertensive and atherosclerotic vascular disease of the cerebral arteries.

Animals↗
PubMed2025

Deciphering microbial and metabolic influences in gastrointestinal diseases-unveiling their roles in&#xa0;gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, and inflammatory bowel disease.

INTRODUCTION: Gastrointestinal disorders (GIDs) affect nearly 40% of the global population, with gut microbiome-metabolome interactions playing a crucial role in gastric cancer (GC), colorectal cancer (CRC), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study aims to investigate how microbial and metabolic alterations contribute to disease development and assess whether biomarkers identified in one disease could potentially be used to predict another, highlighting cross-disease applicability. METHODS: Microbiome and metabolome datasets from Erawijantari et al. (GC: n&#x2009;=&#x2009;42, Healthy: n&#x2009;=&#x2009;54), Franzosa et al. (IBD: n&#x2009;=&#x2009;164, Healthy: n&#x2009;=&#x2009;56), and Yachida et al. (CRC: n&#x2009;=&#x2009;150, Healthy: n = 127) were subjected to three machine learning algorithms, eXtreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), Random Forest, and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO). Feature selection identified microbial and metabolite biomarkers unique to each disease and shared across conditions. A microbial community (MICOM) model simulated gut microbial growth and metabolite fluxes, revealing metabolic differences between healthy and diseased states. Finally, network analysis uncovered metabolite clusters associated with disease traits. RESULTS: Combined machine learning models demonstrated strong predictive performance, with Random Forest achieving the highest Area Under the Curve(AUC) scores for GC(0.94[0.83-1.00]), CRC (0.75[0.62-0.86]), and IBD (0.93[0.86-0.98]). These models were then employed for cross-disease analysis, revealing that models trained on GC data successfully predicted IBD biomarkers, while CRC models predicted GC biomarkers with optimal performance scores. CONCLUSION: These findings emphasize the potential of microbial and metabolic profiling in cross-disease characterization particularly for GIDs, advancing biomarker discovery for improved diagnostics and targeted therapies.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

Neurologic disease in patients with treated Whipple's disease.

Four patients with Whipple's disease which had responded to antibiotic therapy, later developed neurologic disease identical to that seen in patients with Whipple's disease who died without treatment. Dementia, myoclonus, ataxia, and supranuclear ophthalmoplegia were the main neurologic features. Restarting antibiotics has been followed by stabilization of disease in all four. Two have improved. In three, the previously diagnosed and treated Whipple's disease was not considered as a possible cause of the neurologic disease until the symptoms and signs were far advanced. It is advisable to periodically evaluate all patients with Whipple's disease, even after successful treatment. Signs of neurologic disease should be considered a possible recurrence of Whipple's disease and antibiotics restarted.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Imported diseases, the epidemiological challenge of communicable diseases (author's transl)].

Imported infectious diseases being seen more often in consequence of intensive human contacts with developing countries through labourers and tourists, but also in consequence of immigration and of import of exotic diseases and of food, favoured by the quick air traffic, can be divided into 5 groups: 1. Imported diseases from the tropics (exotic diseases) 2. Imported agents from the tropics with human infection in the native country 3. Re-importation of diseases which were eliminated in the homelands 4. Diseases which are as well imported as also native 5. Single disease importations from neighboured countries. The imported infections are discussed systematically, caused by viruses, rickettsias, bacteries, protozoes, fungi, and followed by references to statistics, laboratory infection reports, questions of insurance. Imported diseases of the future are especially mentioned. Knowledge of the tropical infections as a main danger for our "civilized" world should be part of the medical training, since imported infectious diseases cause an epidemiologic challenge in the modern picture of communicable infections.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1977

Occlusive arterial disease in uraemic and haemodialysis patients and renal transplant recipients. A study of the incidence of arterial disease and of the prevalence of risk factors implicated in the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis.

The prevalence of clinical and sub-clinical occlusive arterial disease and of risk factors implicated in the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis was assessed in 21 patients with chronic renal failure, 27 on maintenance haemodialysis and 51 renal allograft recipients. Clinical occlusive arterial disease was present in 27 patients, and sub-clinical arterial disease in 34. Myocardial infarction, cerebral thrombosis and lower limb arterial thrombosis had occurred only in the transplant recipients; these patients had, however, been followed for a longer period of time than the other two groups. In the allograft recipients, the cumulative incidence of any occlusive arterial disease was 416 per 1000, and that of coronary heart disease was 267 per 1000 at six years. Hypertension was present in 76 per cent of patients prior to renal replacement therapy. Following institution of definitive therapy, hypertension was of shorter duration and less common in haemodialysis patients than in renal transplant recipients. Uraemic and haemodialysis patients with occlusive arterial disease had required antihypertensive medication for significantly longer than those free of arterial disease. Transplant recipients with hypertension had a greater mean serum creatinine, were receiving a larger maintenance dosage of corticosteroids and less frequently had undergone prior bilateral nephrectomy than those transplant patients without hypertension. Serum lipid levels were elevated in 62 per cent of patients. In the uraemic and haemodialysis patients hypertriglyceridaemia was the predominant abnormality while in the transplant recipients combined hypertriglyceridaemia/hypercholesterolaemia was more frequent. Despite regular aluminium hydroxide therapy 81 per cent of uraemic and haemodialysis patients had a calcium X phosphate product higher than normal. Arterial and/or soft tissue calcification as demonstrable in 20-38 per cent of patients within each group, but could not be related to the calcium X phosphate product of radiographic evidence of hyperparathyroidism. Glucose intolerance was present in 71 per cent of the uraemic and haemodialysis patients and 33 per cent of the transplant recipients. Hyperuricaemia, cigarette smoking, obesity and a sedentary existence were also prevalent. The majority of patients had several risk factors implicated in the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis. Occlusive arterial disease is a major problem in patients with end stage renal disease, being no less common after transplantation than with long-term maintenance dialysis. The aetiology is multifactorial.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Experiments with the simultaneous or combined vaccination of chicks against Marek's disease and Newcastle disease].

Simultaneous vaccination was carried out of day-old chicks against Marek's disease (strain C3--1) and Newcastle disease (strains B1 and La Sota) which did not prove to be effective in conferring a lasting immunity to Newcastle disease though it was tolerated without any disturbances whatever. One could resort to it by way of an exception only, with an obligatory revaccination 15 days later, when the unfavourable epizootic status made it necessary. The immunity built up against Marek's disease did not seem to be affected by the simultaneous or succeeding vaccination against Newcastle disease with live lentogenic strains. Effective in conferring solid immunity against Newcastle disease proved the combined application of the two vaccines in the following order: treatment of day-old chicks with a vaccine against Marek's disease and vaccination of the same chicks at the age of 8 days with a vaccine against Newcastle disease (strain B1) at a half rate, employing the spray method, followed by revaccination 15 days later with the La Sota vaccine at a full rate, employing the aerosol method.

Animals↗