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Results for “Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

EEG and evoked potentials in episodic-dyscontrol syndrome.

The neurophysiologic correlates of explosive rage and violence are uncertain and controversial. We recorded 17-channel electroencephalograms (EEGs), brainstem auditory-evoked potentials (BAEPs), and long-latency auditory-event-related potentials (AEPs) in 23 patients with impulsive, aggressive and violent behavior satisfying criteria for episodic-dyscontrol syndrome. Most patients also satisfied criteria for intermittent explosive disorder, although some had had conduct disorders in childhood or had previously used psychoactive substances. Sixteen of 23 patients had normal EEGs, while 7 had diffuse or focal slowing not ascribable to drowsiness or the effects of medication. They differed significantly from 20 age-matched patients with headaches, of whom 1 had an abnormal EEG (chi 2 = 4.68, p < 0.05), and from 24 depressed patients, all of whose EEGs were normal (chi 2 = 4.83, p < 0.05). Patients and normal control subjects did not differ in BAEP latencies. N100 and P160 AEP amplitudes were lower in episodic-dyscontrol patients than in control, but the difference was not significant. These findings suggest that non-specific cerebral dysfunction and EEG changes may be associated with disordered impulse or behavior control. Episodic dyscontrol may be associated with other evidence of minimal brain dysfunction.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1992

Serotonin and psychiatric disorders.

One of the ongoing problems in biological psychiatry lies in relating clinical laboratory findings to specific symptoms or behaviour patterns. In recent years it has become clear that serotonin (5-HT) is involved in a wide range of psychiatric disorders and in quite specific behaviour patterns, mainly characterized by a poor control of impulses. Psychopharmacotherapy with substances able to enhance the metabolism of serotonin (mainly antidepressants) is able to clinically improve what appear to be very dissimilar conditions. Moreover, antidepressants with serotonergic activity are the only class of drugs able to relieve the symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), which are characterized by a high control of impulses or, more precisely, by a dysfunctional, non-adaptive control of impulses. Recent neurochemical data suggest that a hypersensitivity to 5-HT exists in this condition. Therefore, the hypothesis that serotonin is important for efficient control of impulses is a key to the interpretation of many laboratory findings and to the penetration of the complex field of biological substrates of psychopathology.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMed1992

Kleptomania, mood disorder and lithium.

Kleptomania has been found in association with major depression in a fairly large number of reports in recent years. We describe a patient with concurrent DSM-III-R Bipolar Mood Disorder and Kleptomania, whose symptoms remitted completely, apparently in response to lithium therapy, which raised the possibility that pharmacological treatment may benefit kleptomania. Further studies are needed to establish the possible relationship between kleptomania, mood disorders and lithium therapy.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed1992

A short-term longitudinal study of the early development of self-regulation.

A short-term longitudinal study was conducted to determine whether self-regulation at 4 years could be predicted from child and maternal measures obtained when the children were age 24 months. The subjects were 69 children and their mothers drawn from the general community. Criterion behaviors assessed at 4 years were those suggestive of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Of the 24-month child measures, maternal ratings of the child's impulsivity and attention span, plus an objective measure of delay ability, were the most effective predictors. Maternal negativity, as assessed in mother-child interaction, predicted the criterion behaviors, even after the child's behavior as an elicitor of maternal behavior was controlled. Maternal child-rearing attitudes on the dimensions of warmth and aggravation were also effective predictors, even after controlling for the child's emotionality as a possible determinant of maternal attitudes. It is argued that the results with the maternal attitude measures provide support for the hypothesis that maternal behavior is a contributor to the development of self-regulation.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1992

Kleptomania: a review of the research.

Research on kleptomania is limited. Earlier views and recent reports of treatment are reviewed in this article. More study is needed to delineate this impulse-control disorder.

Child of Impaired Parents↗
PubMed1992

Classification of amok in DSM-IV.

Culture-bound syndromes have been described worldwide in many individuals and, for certain syndromes, in epidemic proportion, yet these disorders have been classified as rare and exotic conditions warranting minimal attention. Development of the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and the tenth edition of the International Classification of Diseases offers an opportunity for providing a more sophisticated classification of these phenomena. The authors examine amok, a syndrome first described in Malaysia that consists of homicidal frenzy preceded by a state of brooding and ending with somnolence and amnesia. They discuss the concept of and criteria for a culture-specific disorder and propose that amok be classified as a culture-specific explosive behavioral disorder in DSM-IV.

Antisocial Personality Disorder↗
PubMed1992

The DSM-III-R impulse control disorders not elsewhere classified: clinical characteristics and relationship to other psychiatric disorders.

OBJECTIVE: The authors reviewed available studies of DSM-III-R impulse control disorders not elsewhere classified in order to determine the relationship of these disorders to one another and to other psychiatric disorders. METHOD: The review focused on the demographic and clinical characteristics, phenomenology, family history, biology, and response to treatment of individuals with intermittent explosive disorder, kleptomania, pathological gambling, pyromania, and trichotillomania. Analysis was restricted to reports which either indicated use of operational diagnostic criteria or provided descriptions of the impulsive behavior detailed enough that patients could be judged as probably meeting the DSM-III-R criteria. RESULTS: Although different impulse control disorders have different sex ratios, all have similar ages at onset and courses. Studies on phenomenology, family history, and response to treatment suggest that intermittent explosive disorder, kleptomania, pathological gambling, pyromania, and trichotillomania may be related to mood disorders, alcohol and psychoactive substance abuse, and anxiety disorders (especially obsessive-compulsive disorder). Biological studies indicate that intermittent explosive disorder and pyromania may share serotonergic abnormalities similar to those reported in mood disorders. CONCLUSIONS: The impulse control disorders not elsewhere classified appear to be related to one another and to mood, anxiety, and psychoactive substance use disorders. Thus, like major depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, bulimia nervosa, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, they may represent forms of "affective spectrum disorder."

Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders↗
PubMed1977

[Psychopathology of stealing acts without substantial personal enrichment (author's transl)].

On the basis of a descriptive study of eight cases, four different types of stealing act without substantial personal enrichment are determined: 1. Stealing for substitutional sexual satisfaction 2. Stealing as a reaction to relieve strong emotions 3. Stealing during a state of disturbed consciousness 4. Stealing from psychotic motives. In this context terminologic and diagnostic problems are dicussed. Stealing acts without substantial personal enrichment are classified as a subgroup of pathologic stealing.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of therapeutic factors in group psychotherapy for 'non-sensical' shop-lifters: a preliminary report.

There is a growing emphasis upon psychiatric involvement in management of 'non-sensical' shop-lifters, those who steal items they neither want nor need. However there is very little description of, or research into, psychological treatment approaches for this group of clients. We report a preliminary study of the process of therapy in two out-patient psychotherapy groups for female 'non-sensical' shop-lifters. Therapeutic factors in the group psychotherapy were evaluated using the method of Bloch et al. (1979) to assess the most important event in therapy. Results from nine subjects indicate that universality (realizing that one's problems are not unique) was rated as the most important aspect of therapy, with self-understanding the second most important. The implications of these findings for future provision and facilitation of therapy for this group of clients are discussed.

Crime↗