PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Dithizone”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1985

The dithizone, Timm's sulphide silver and the selenium methods demonstrate a chelatable pool of zinc in CNS. A proton activation (PIXE) analysis of carbon tetrachloride extracts from rat brains and spinal cords intravitally treated with dithizone.

From rats intravitally treated with dithizone (diphenyl-thiocarbazone) brains and spinal cords were removed and freeze-dried. The dithizonates present in the CNS tissue were extracted with carbon tetrachloride and subjected to a multielement analysis (proton activation, PIXE). It was found that the extract contained two metals. Most of the metal was zinc, but small traces of copper were also detected. Because prior treatment with the chelating agent, dithizone, can block both the Timm and the selenium metal staining methods, it is suggested that the three techniques label predominantly zinc in the neuropil (DTS-zinc).

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Induction of differentiation and apoptosis by dithizone in human myeloid leukemia cell lines.

We investigated the effect of diphenylthiocarbazone (dithizone) and its structurally related compounds on the differentiation and apoptosis of two human myeloid leukemia cell lines. Dithizone caused a time- and concentration-dependent induction of differentiation in both the promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 cells and the myeloblastic leukemia cell line ML-1 cells, as measured by nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reducing activity. Morphological changes and esterase activities confirmed that this differentiation took place. The induction of differentiation required the addition of dithizone to the culture medium for at least 12 h. The differentiation inducing activity was inhibited by the preincubation of dithizone with various metal ions such as Pb2+, Zn2+, Cu2+ and Mn2+ ions, but not with Fe3+ and Mg2+ ions. In addition, the DNA extracted from dithizone-treated HL-60 cells showed a typical ladder pattern characteristic of apoptosis in agarose gel electrophoresis. A quantitative analysis of DNA fragmentation revealed that this apoptosis was concentration- and time-dependent in both the HL-60 and ML-1 cells. Dithizone-induced apoptosis was also inhibited by preincubation with Mn2+ ions, but not with Mg2+ ions. These results indicate that dithizone induces both differentiation and apoptosis in HL-60 and ML-1 cells through a unique mechanism including metal chelation.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

Selective killing of Paneth cells by intravenous administration of dithizone in rats.

Paneth cells are zinc-containing cells widely distributed in Lieberkühn's crypts of intestine in a variety of species. We found that rapid selective killing of Paneth cells took place after the intravenous (i.v.) injection of diphenylthiocarbazone (dithizone), a chelator forming a zinc dithizonate complex, in the rat. As soon as 5 min after the i.v. injection of dithizone, degeneration of Paneth cells occurred. At this stage, zinc dithizonate complexes were observed as purple-red granules in bright field microscopy. Thirty to 60 min later, Paneth cells were detached from the basement membrane and shed into the cryptic lumen. After 6 h, the cell debris in the crypts was no longer seen and the crypts once housing Paneth cells were now occupied by neighbouring crypt base columnar cells. Histochemically demonstrable zinc totally disappeared. After 12-24 h, however, definite Paneth cells began to resume. Histochemical staining for zinc was again positive at the apex of these cells. One week after dithizone administration, the number of Paneth cells increased twice as much as in uninjected control and histochemical staining for zinc was highly positive. After 2 weeks, Paneth cell hyperplasia subsided. X-ray microanalysis revealed that zinc was the most abundant metal in Paneth cells. We concluded that chelation of zinc and formation of zinc-dithizone complexes in Paneth cells' cytoplasm would be responsible for the selective degeneration observed after dithizone administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Supravital dithizone staining in the isolation of human and rat pancreatic islets.

Dithizone, a zinc chelating agent, is known to selectively stain the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. In the present study, we have used this stain to aid the identification of islets in material obtained by collagenase digestion of human pancreas. Islets were shown to rapidly and reversibly stain red on incubation with dithizone solution. Tissue selected on the basis of dithizone staining was shown to contain insulin-positive cells and to accumulate insulin in the medium during a subsequent period in tissue culture. Experiments with rat islets indicated that the dithizone treatment had no effect on insulin release in tissue culture, on acute responses to stimulatory glucose concentrations or on the insulin content of cells. These results suggest that dithizone staining can assist in the identification of islets from the human pancreas and may prove to be a useful tool in developing techniques for the large scale isolation of functionally intact human islets.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Reduction of dithizone-reactive granules of blood granulocytes in humans and rats bearing tumor.

To confirm scattered reports suggesting a significant reduction of dithizone-reactive granules of granulocytes in neoplastic diseases, the peripheral blood of 20 normal adults, 22 patients with non-malignant diseases, and 39 cancer patients were studied by using a modified dithizone staining method and scoring of the stained granules. The dithizone score in the cancer patients was significantly (p less than 0.001) lower than those in the normal controls or the noncancer patients, with mean scores of 226.0 +/- 6.3 (S.E.), 277.5 +/- 4.7, and 265.9 +/- 5.8, respectively. When compared with the lower limit (score 233) of the 95% confidence interval of a normal score distribution, 24 (61.5%) of the 39 cancer patients showed abnormally low scores, and one (2.4%) of the 42 individuals without cancer exhibited a low score (p less than 0.001). No relationship was found between the score and the patient's age, total serum protein, serum globulin, serum albumin, albumin/globulin ratio, absolute numbers of neutrophils or lymphocytes, or serum zinc level. In the rats transplanted with syngeneic tumor, the dithizone score progressively declined as the tumor increased in size, with a close negative correlation (r = -0.81) in a manner best fitting a power curve. This change was not found in the control rats injected with killed tumor cells. These results indicate that the dithizone-reactive granules of the granulocytes significantly decreased in a tumor-bearing host. The mechanisms are not known and this staining method can not be considered as a diagnostic tool, but this phenomenon appears to have potential usefulness in the systemic effect of solid tumor.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1990

Effect of diphenylthiocarbazone (dithizone) on glutamate level in hippocampus preparation in vitro and in vivo.

To assess the functional interaction between Zn2+ and glutamate in hippocampus, diphenylthiocarbazone (dithizone), a Zn2+ chelator, was used to alter the glutamate level in hippocampus in vitro and in vivo. Dithizone at the concentration of 1 microM stimulated high K(+)- and veratrine-induced release of [3H]glutamate both in the presence and absence of Ca2+ from rat hippocampal slices preloaded with [3H]glutamate without affecting the release of [3H]gamma-aminobutyric acid and [3H]acetylcholine. Metal chelators other than dithizone did not evoke the [3H]glutamate release at the concentration of 10 microM. Two weeks after the intrahippocampal injection of 20 micrograms of dithizone, both Zn2+ and glutamate levels of the hippocampus significantly decreased with no change in the levels of other metals, amino acids, monoamines and acetylcholine.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1986

[Effects of dithizone on the electroencephalogram recorded from the mouse hippocampus in vivo].

In the present study the author examined the effects of dithizone on hippocampal and cortical EEG by power spectral analysis in the moving mouse. Following results were obtained. Administration of dithizone 100 mg/kg i. p. produced almost loss of electrical activities on EEG which began 409 sec after injection and lasted approximately up to 706 sec. In recovery period waveform showed shift to slower frequencies apparent by 60 min. Heart rate decreases were seen between 5 and 20 min after 100 mg/kg i. p. injection. Dithizone produced dose-dependent changes in hippocampal and heart rate activities. Abolished EEG by dithizone administration were immediately recovered by zinc-acetate application. Injection of vehicle had no significant effect on hippocampal and cortical EEG.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The Paneth cell population of the small intestine of the rat-effects of fasting and zinc deficiency on total count and on dithizone-reactive count.

The distribution of Paneth cells in the rat small intestine was found to be approximately one per crypt in the duodenum, two to three per crypt in the jejunum and four to six per crypt in the ileum. The ileum has more Paneth cells containing dithizone-reactive zinc than the duodenum and jejunum. Zinc deficiency had no significant effect on the total Paneth cell count but no dithizone-reactive Paneth cells were found in any area of the small intestine examined in zinc-deficient animals. Fasting for 3 days had no significant effect on the Paneth cell count but after a 4-day fast there was a significant rise in the total Paneth cell count accompanied by a fall in the percentage of Paneth cells containing dithizone-reactive zinc in all areas examined.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

The synthesis, radioiodination and preliminary biological study of the new carboxylic derivatives of dithizone.

Synthesis, characteristics and radioiodination of the new carboxylic derivatives of dithizone are described in this paper. We have applied the carboxy dithizones for preparation of radioactive compounds by coupling with [131I]-histamine. Preliminary biological studies of the new radiodithizone were done in rats after two different application routs: peripheral i.v. injection and direct injection to splenic artery. Biodistribution of the carboxy dithizone-[131I]-histamine conjugate (i.v. injection) was quite different than that for free [131I]-histamine. However, uptake of activity in pancreas was low (0.81% g-1 of tissue). Direct application of the conjugate to splenic artery resulted in high activity retention in pancreas after 30 and 45 min post injection (respectively 8.8 and 12.4% g-1 of tissue) indicating potential usefulness of the new radiodithizone for in vivo monitoring of pancreas.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Diethyldithiocarbamate and dithizone augment the toxicity of kainic acid.

Male Fischer-344 rats were injected i.p. with diethyldithiocarbamate or dithizone 15 min after kainic acid (KA), s.c. Diethyldithiocarbamate and dithizone reduced both the number of wet dog shakes and the latency to onset of seizures induced by KA. Moreover, they increased the severity of seizures. These compounds may be useful tools for investigating the role of zinc in central nervous system excitatory transmission and/or convulsive phenomena.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Identification of toxic metals after extraction and thin-layer chromatograpy of their dithizonates. Toxicological applications (author's transl)].

The technique consists in employing successively an extraction method using the dithizone-carbon tetrachloride system, at 4 different pH values, then thin-layer chromatography on silica gel, to identify and separate Ag, Cd, Co, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the form of their dithizonates. Sensitivity is of the order of 10(-7) g ion/l. This method is directly applicable in hydrology; after destruction of organic matter in the case of biological samples (blood, urine, excrement). We have applied it in toxicological analysis together with other methods for the detection of copper, lead, mercury and zinc in cases of poisoning.

Azo Compounds↗
PubMed1985

Neutron activation determination of mercury in waters after preconcentration by flotation of dithizone-mercury complexes.

Mercury in water samples, at levels below parts per billion, was collected by dithizone flotation. The statistical detection limit of Hg in seawater was 4 times better than that with a hydrous iron oxide--APDC flotation system in neutron activation determination. The same floated dithizone precipitate can be used repeatedly for collection from several volumes of the water sample. The Hg content in seawater was 0.017 micrograms/L. Average recovery from waters containing 0.025 micrograms/L, 0.05 micrograms/L and 0.1 micrograms/L was 98%. The method was applied successfully to the determination of Hg in NBS 1641b. Methyl mercury is also collected by the procedure described.

Azo Compounds↗
PubMed1981

[Preconcentration of copper (II) and mercury (II) using dithizone and carbon powder followed by neutron activation analysis (author's transl)].

A combined method of dithizone-extraction and carbon powder column adsorption was applied to concentrate trace amounts of copper (II) and mercury (II) in natural water samples before neutron activation analysis. The sample solution was adjusted to pH 1.0 with nitric acid, an aliquot of which as taken in a 500 cm3 separating funnel and then 5.0 cm3 of 0.01% dithizone-benzene and 25 cm3 of n-hexane wee added. The mixture was shaken for 10 min and stood for 30 min. After the aqueous phase was discarded, another aliquot of the sample solution was added. The above procedure was repeated until the treatment of the sample solution (1.00 dm3) was completed. The organic phase was then flown through the column (6mm phi x 50 mmh) containing carbon powder, and the resulting column was dried. The monitor containing 10 micrograms of mercury or copper was also prepared according to the above procedure. The samples and monitors were irradiated together in a pneumatic tube of JRR-3. After cooling, copper and mercury were determined by gamma-spectrometry using 64Cu, 197Hg, respectively. The recovery of trace metal ions obtained by this method was more than 99%, and the present method was found to be applicable to the preconcentration of copper (II) and mercury (II) in natural water samples.

Activation Analysis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The cytochemical dithizone reaction of the blood granulocytes in zinc-deficient states].

The blood granulocyte zinc content is liable to be reduced in hepatocirrhosis, chronic glomerulonephritis presenting with nephrotic syndrome, chronic enteritis, diabetes mellitus, and in frequent and excessive sweating, as evidence by a study conducted with the aid of a cytochemical dithizone test. A short discussion is given on potentials for application of the cytochemical dithizone test as a diagnostic aid to the study of the blood granulocyte zinc content in zinc deficiency states.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1989

Evidence from dithizone and selenium zinc histochemistry that perivascular mossy fiber boutons stain preferentially "in vivo".

This paper describes a perivascular staining pattern that is obtained when dithizone or sodium selenite are used to label zinc intravitally. Our observations indicate that the perivascular staining is a result of zinc labeling in mossy fiber boutons adjacent to capillaries and suggest that there might be a special blood brain barrier in the mossy fiber regions.

Animals↗