PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Divorce”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Ecological determinants of divorce: a structural approach to the explanation of Japanese divorce.

This paper examines the ecological determinants of contemporary Japanese divorce rates on the prefectural level. LISREL and computer-generated graphics are the analytic methods used. The aggregate level of analysis demands the use of the ecological model which posits that demographic changes, economic activities, migration patterns, and the level of urbanization are significant predictors of divorce rate. Our analysis demonstrates that sex ratio, female labor force participation, female in-migration patterns, population increase, and net household income all play a significant role in affecting the divorce rate. Our findings also confirm the well-supported hypothesis that both population density and modernization positively influence modern Japan's divorce rates. The residual analysis also points out that in order to account for the large proportion of the unexplained variance of Japanese divorce, behavioral-related variables and island- or prefecture-specific dimensions need to be included in the ecological model of divorce.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Life after divorce: a study of newly divorced middle-aged men in Sweden.

Thirty-two divorced men aged 30 to 44 years answered a questionnaire within seven months after the dissolution of their marriages. They were asked for life circumstances (housing and working conditions, economic situation) and perceived health and a personal interview was also performed with most of the men. Primary health care records during the year of divorce were analysed according to number of visits and reasons for encounter. A majority of the men perceived working conditions as satisfying while about half of the men had moved to less satisfying housing conditions. They recorded a high number of psychological symptoms (insomnia, fatigue, anxiety) but this was not recognizable in the primary health care records. Ten men had had more than one divorce and in this sub-group there were several alcohol abusers. The importance of primary health care in the early recognition of the complex situation of divorced men is stressed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Life after divorce--a five-year follow-up study of divorced middle-aged men in Sweden.

Twenty-seven men, between 35 and 49 years of age, were asked via a questionnaire for information about their life circumstances (housing and working conditions, economic situation), actual symptoms, perceived health and health-related behaviour 5 years after they had divorced. The information was compared to corresponding data from an earlier study carried out within 7 months after the legal divorce. Housing conditions and personal economy had improved and working conditions were still satisfactory. Perceptions of health were more positive and in particular earlier, frequently recorded psychological symptoms (uneasiness, anxiety, depression) had diminished. Alcohol and smoking habits remained unchanged and common, especially among manual workers with more than one divorce. Men living in a stable relationship with a new partner or who had custody of children had fewer social and medical problems than men living alone. These findings support the connection between social support and health.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

A comparative study of self-esteem of adolescent children of divorced lesbian mothers and divorced heterosexual mothers.

Thirty-six adolescent children, ages 13 to 19 years, divided equally into two groups according to their mother's sexual object choice and within group by sex, were compared to determine if there were any significant differences in the self-esteem of these two populations. Findings of the analysis of the self-esteem scores indicated there was no significant statistical differences in the self-esteem scores between adolescents with divorced lesbian mothers and adolescents with divorced heterosexual mothers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Divorce counseling: a community service for families in the midst of divorce.

A conceptual framework for the development of child-centered, preventive clinical services for divorcing families is presented. The structure and components of an intervention service--including treatment strategies, successful interventions, failures, therapist role, transference and countertransference responses, and professional dilemmas--are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Cumulative incidence rate of divorces for birth cohort estimated by the life-table method].

The trend of divorces has been usually evaluated by the divorce rate. However, it is difficult to make detailed analyses of the trend of or relevant factors concerning divorces by the divorce rate, because the denominator of this index is not a population at risk of divorces. The application of the life-table method to calculation of cumulative incidence rate of divorces for a birth cohort based on vital statistics data was introduced and its problems were discussed. This method was able to give a precise incidence rate of divorces and made it possible to examine the relationship of marital durations, generation of cohorts or age at marriage to the incidence of divorces. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The cumulative incidence rate of divorces increased and the marital duration-specific incidence rate of divorces decreased with continuation of marriages. 2. The cumulative incidence rate of divorces was higher in younger birth cohorts than in older cohorts. 3. The cumulative incidence rate of divorces was the lowest in the cohort married when the husband was 23 to 32 years of age than in the cohorts with other ages at marriage in all the birth cohorts examined.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

Hostility, aggression, and anxiety levels of divorce and nondivorce children as manifested in their responses to projective tests.

The effects of parental divorce on the levels of aggression, hostility, and anxiety in children, as measured by the Rorschach test, together with the type and direction of aggression, as measured by the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study, were studied. The Rorschach and the Rosenzweig P-F study were administered to a nonclinical sample of 108 Swedish children ranging in age from 10 to 12 years old. The subjects constituted a divorce and a nondivorce group of 27 girls and 27 boys each. Children of divorced parents (hereafter referred to as divorce children, divorce boys, or divorce girls) showed significantly higher levels of hostility, aggression, and anxiety than children of married parents (hereafter referred to as nondivorce children, nondivorce boys, nondivorce girls). There were significant differences found in the type and direction of aggression between divorce girls and boys. Divorce boys showed more extraggression and ego defensive reactions, whereas divorce girls tended to evade aggression. The differences between divorce and nondivorce groups and the diversity of reactions between divorce boys and girls are discussed.

Aggression↗
PubMed1991

Divorce and psychological stress.

While research on adjustment to divorce has been extensive, the paucity of studies assessing stress before and after divorce has kept the relation between psychological stress and martial dissolution unclear. Conflicting findings cast some doubt on the utility of using a crisis model to study divorce. Analysis of three-wave panel data from a national sample of persons married in 1980 indicates that the crisis model is appropriate for understanding adjustment to divorce. Comparisons of divorced persons with married persons show a predivorce rise in stress which then returns to levels comparable to those reported by married individuals. No evidence was found supporting the idea that a high level of psychological stress is a general cause of divorce or that dissolution resulted in more or less permanent elevation of psychological stress. Findings support the hypothesis that predivorce resources and outlooks influence the amount of stress experienced in the two years immediately following divorce. Below median family incomes, no post-high school experience, and wife not in the labor force put divorcing individuals at a disadvantage. Individuals reporting few premarital troubles and beliefs in the immorality of divorce also appear to experience heightened stress in the two years following divorce.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Parental divorce during the college years.

This exploratory study investigates the impact of parental divorce on a nonclinical college student population of both men and women whose parents divorced after the youngsters' departure from home. Reflecting the assumption that young adult offspring are relatively impervious to the effects of parental divorce, this population has been conspicuously neglected in divorce-related literature. The study highlights key psychological responses to parental divorce commonly shared by young adult offspring and differentiates those from responses to divorce shared by younger children and adolescents. Preliminary findings suggest that young adult offspring are likely to deny their parents' impending divorce, are more likely to ascribe blame to one parent rather than blame themselves, to use aggressive morality as a conduit for rage, to experience a series of role realignments post parental divorce, and demonstrate altered attitudes toward romantic love and marriage following their parents' midlife divorce.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1991

Academic performance in children of divorce: psychological resilience and vulnerability.

Parental divorce can be conceptualized as a stressful event for all children, but one must recognize that reactions to divorce can vary widely among children. This investigation was based on two basic ideas: 1) children of divorce as a group would show deficits in academic performance compared to children from intact families, even several years after their parents' separation, and 2) because factors that promote psychological resilience and vulnerability, we expected to find normal heterogeneity within the divorce sample. Among 96 middle-school adolescents from a suburban school district near Denver, children of divorce showed significant performance deficits in academic achievement, as reflected in grade-point average and scholastic motivation in middle school, but not in nationally normed tests of scholastic aptitude and other less direct measures of behavioral conformity. An analysis of GPA over time revealed strikingly disparate patterns of achievement between divorce and control groups. Corresponding patterns of scholastic aptitude scores, absence from school and comportment revealed no systematic differences over time. These results suggest strongly that parental divorce can be a critical event in the academic development of children. Large differences in academic achievement between our divorce group as a whole and the controls cannot be attributed, at least at the time of sampling, to differences in social class or intellectual ability. Despite a similar family background, i.e., marital dissolution, a minority of the children of divorce showed vulnerability in the pattern of academic achievement over time while the majority demonstrated academic careers not unlike that of the controls.

Achievement↗
PubMed1977

Divorce therapy: an in-depth survey of therapists' views.

In-depth interviews were conducted with 21 highly experienced therapists on the criteria of a constructive divorce, the obstacles to achieving such a divorce, and the strategies and tactics of divorce therapy. The primary criterion of a constructive divorce was the successful completion of the process of psychic separation and the protection of the welfare of minor children. Therapy may focus on the decision to get divorced and/or the negotiation of the terms of a divorce settlement. Three types of therapeutic strategies were identified: reflexive intervention by which the therapist orients himself to the marital problems and attempts to gain the trust and confidence of the partners; contextual interventions by which he tries to promote a climate conducive to decision-making; and substantive interventions intended to produce resolution on terms the therapist has come to believe are inevitable or necessary. The nascent state of divorce therapy as an area of therapeutic specialization is noted. The problem of diagnostic criteria for divorce, the relationship between therapists and lawyers, the nature and consequence of therapist impartiality, and the degree to which therapists should mediate the terms of divorce are considered central issues meriting further study.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1990

Parental divorce during childhood and use of violence in dating relationships.

355 women and 173 men university students between the ages of 17 and 23 yr. completed a questionnaire which included Straus's Conflict Tactic Scales, and from which whether the respondents had experienced the divorce of their parents could be assessed. Two hypotheses were tested. First, individuals from divorced families would be more likely to report that violence existed in their current relationship than would individuals from intact families. Second, in those relationships which included violence, individuals from divorced families would report higher levels of violence than would individuals from intact families. Analyses indicated that individuals from divorced families were no more likely to report themselves as experiencing violence in their current relationship than were their cohorts from intact families. However, when the conflict tactic scores for men from divorced, men from intact, women from divorced, and women from intact families were compared, differences were found. Men from divorced families reported levels of violence for themselves that approached significance. Also, men from divorced families reported that their partners' verbal aggression approached significance and that their partners' use of violent behavior reached significance when compared to those of the other groups. These results indicate that having experienced a divorce in one's family may have a greater effect on later relationships for men than for women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Is parental divorce a critical stressor for young adolescents? Grade point average as a case in point.

Previous studies have shown parental divorce to be associated with poor functioning of children and adolescents. Almost all of the studies attempting to delineate these effects, and to shed light on the differences between boys and girls, have limited data collection to postdivorce. This practice has left a void in the picture of divorce--specifically in the area of predivorce effects. The purpose of the present study was to examine academic functioning of young adolescents with respect to both pre- and postdivorce effects. Fifty-eight young adolescents (29 from families which subsequently divorced and 29 from families which remained intact) were studied. Results indicated that boys from subsequently divorcing homes had significantly poorer academic functioning prior to their parents' divorce than did boys whose families remained intact and girls whose parents divorced. Differentially, girls from subsequently divorcing families showed a decline in academic functioning which began prior to divorce and continued beyond the time of divorce. Possible explanations for these gender differences are explored, and the importance of examining predivorce effects is addressed.

Achievement↗
PubMed1990

Divorces in Canada, 1988.

In 1988, a total of 79,872 divorces were granted in Canada. This was a 12.2% decrease from the 1987 total of 90,985, the highest ever in Canada. Divorce levels have been generally high in the late 1980s, but data for several more years are required before the impact of the 1985 Divorce Act can be accurately assessed. The 1988 divorce rate in Canada for married women aged 15 and over was 1,256 per 100,000. The highest rates occurred in Alberta (1,498) and British Columbia (1,407), and the lowest in Newfoundland (669) and Prince Edward Island (844). The average duration of marriages ending in divorce was 12.5 years. The largest number of divorces occurred after five years, followed by six and four years. Among divorces granted in 1988 under the 1985 divorce law, separation for not less than one year was cited as the grounds in almost nine out of ten cases. Of all children affected by custody orders for divorces granted under the 1985 law, 76% were awarded to the wife, 12% to the husband, 11% to joint custody, and fewer than 1% to a person other than the husband or wife.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Children of divorce.

Divorce is a stressful experience for children. The disruption of the home is associated with significant emotional, financial, and social costs. Children often react to divorce with emotional responses typically associated with death. Divorce may be perceived as the death of an established family unit. Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance are often part of the emotional evolution of a child experiencing the divorce of the parents. The grieving process may last months or years and in some children may never end. The exact nature of the response is influenced by the age and the developmental level of the child. Most children are able to overcome the initial trauma of parental divorce and resume normal development and function. Some children, however, experience severe depression or anxiety and are left with an emotional scar for the rest of their lives. The adverse impact of a divorce can be minimised by a realistic and sensitive understanding of the effects on children. Parents can help at the time of divorce by preparing their children for what is about to happen. The preparation should be appropriate for the age and the developmental level of the child. Parents should demonstrate a strong commitment to their children. Children cope better with divorce if the parents co-operate with each other and adopt an attitude of 'together for our child while separate for us.'

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Rate of incidence of divorce in birth cohorts classified by age difference between married couples].

We examined the situation concerning divorce in Japan from the view-point of age difference between married couples using vital statistics from the year 1952 to 1985. Annual and cumulative divorce rates were introduced as rate of incidence of divorce. We studied these indices by age difference between couples in birth cohorts of husbands. Our conclusions were as follows: 1) The cumulative divorce rate was lower in early birth cohorts than in late birth cohorts. 2) The cumulative divorce rate for young adult couples (aged 20-30) was higher than that for middle-aged couples (aged more than 30) in every cohort. 3) The cumulative divorce rate was lowest when husbands were 1 to 4 years older than wives. This tendency was quite similar in different ages and cohorts. 4) The same conclusions were reached when the annual divorce rate was substituted for the cumulative divorce rate.

Adult↗