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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

Marihuana and setting.

Marihuana or placebo cigarettes were smoked by 12 subjects in two environments, one "favorable" and one "neutral". The object was to determine the contribution of setting to the effects reported from the drug. Two quantifiable self-report measurements, the linear euphoriant scale and the card-sort version of the Addiction Research Center Inventory (marihuana and hallucinogen scales), were the major reporting criteria. Analyses of variance consistently demonstrated strong effects for subjects and drug but not for the environmental conditions. Reports of marihuana effects may be assumed to be highly colored by psychological differences in the mental set of subjects, or biological variations in their responses to the drug. The actual environment in which the drug is taken seems to play little, if any, role.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1979

Interpersonal effects of marijuana. A model for the study of interpersonal psychopharmacology.

The effect of marijuana on affective changes and interpersonal skills, including empathy, acceptance, warmth, and genuineness, was studied in 20 dyadic relationships in which the experimental subject smoking marijuana containing 6 mg of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and a placebo in separate trials. Marijuana caused a relative decrease in the ratings of the interpersonal skills of the experimental subjects and decreased affective resonance between the experimental subjects and their partners.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

The discrimination of marijuana intoxication.

Forty Ss, 20 males and 20 females, observed a videotape that showed four males interacting in a social setting under four different drug conditions; coltsfoot, placebo, marijuana low dose, and marijuana high dose. The observers attempted to discriminate the level of intoxication of the four males in each condition. The observers accurately detected the level of intoxication in the high dose condition. While marijuana experienced users were more successful in detecting levels of intoxication, the sex of the observer was not significant. Behaviors used to discriminate intoxication and the implications of these results to defining intoxication are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The effect of marihuana intoxication on blood pressure.

Forty-eight experienced marihuana smokers were assigned to one of four groups: coltsfoot, placebo, low dose marihuana and high dose marihuana. While both marihuana groups showed significant increases in subjective ratings of intoxication and pulse rate, blood pressure readings were unaffected or showed a modest decrease. This latter finding is discrepant with previous studies and is explained in terms of a drug X person interaction present in those studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Synthesis and characterization of glucuronides of Cannabinol, cannabidiol, delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol and delta8-tetrahydrocannabinol.

Partially purified glucuronyltransferase immobilized on beaded sepharose has been used to synthesize the glucuronide conjugates of cannabinol, cannabidol, delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol and delta8-tetrahydrocannabinol. Trimethylsilylated methyl esters and per(trimethylsilyl) derivatives of these conjugates have been characterized by their gas chromatographic retention times and their electron impact and ammonia chemical ionization mass spectra.

Cannabidiol↗
PubMed1977

In vivo metabolism of cannabinol by the mouse and rat and a comparison with a metabolism of delta 1-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol.

The in vivo liver metabolism of cannabinol has been studied in the mouse and rat by combined gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Cannabinol glucuronide was the major metabolite of cannabinol in the mouse and was accompanied by relatively large amounts of 7-hydroxycannabinol, cannabinol-7-oic acid and their corresponding glucuronide conjugates. Lower concentrations of glucuronides were found in the rat. Two series of disubstituted metabolites were found containing either a 7-hydroxyl or a 7-carboxylic acid group and a second hydroxyl group in the 1 inch-4 inch positions of the sidechain. These were of low concentration in the mouse but higher in the rat; 1 inch-hydroxy metabolites were particularly abundant in the latter species. Also found in the rat livers were small amounts of sidechain monohydroxy metabolites and larger quantities of 4 inches, 5 inches-bisnorcannabinol-3 inches-oic acid; these were absent in the mouse. The metabolites were identified using the trimethylsilyl (TMS), [2H9] TMS and methyl ester-TMS derivatives, and by reduction of acid metabolites with lithium aluminium deuteride to the corresponding alcohols.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Pharmacokinetics of nabilone, a psychotropically active 9-ketocannabinoid, in the dog. Utilization of quantitative selected ion monitoring and deuterium labeling.

Quantitative selected ion monitoring methods for the determination of plasma concentrations of nabilone, a psychotropically active 9-ketocannabinoid, and two carbinol metabolites using deuterium labeled internal standards are described. These specific methods have a lower limit of sensitivity of about 2 pmol ml-1 with a coefficient of variation of less than 4%. The utility of these methods was demonstrated by in vivo studies of single dose and steady state pharmacokinetics of nabilone and its carbinol metabolites in the dog.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Comparison of gas chromatography mass spectrometry methods for the determination of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol in plasma.

A method for the identification of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol by gas chromatography mass spectrometry has been developed, and this method has been compared with other techniques, such as detection via thin-layer chromatography using tritium labeled delta9-tetrahydrocannibinol and a dual gas chromatographic method. The gas chromatographic mass spectrometric method was found to be equal or superior to other techniques and has the added advantage of being highly specific for the compound analyzed. An alternate approach using chemical ionization is also described; however, this procedure does not show significant advantages over the electron impact method. These methods show a practical lower detection limit of 500 pg ml-1 of plasma in clinical practice.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1975

Interaction of physostigmine and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in man.

To investigate the hypothesis that delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the major psychoactive ingredient of marihuana, acts by interfering with cholinergic brain mechanisms, 0.75 to 1.25 mg of physostigmine, a centrally active cholinergic drug, was given intravenously to 5 normal volunteers who had ingested 20 to 40 mg of THC 2 hours earlier. Physostigmine decreased the degree of tachycardia and conjunctival injection produced by THC. The major psychologic effects of physostigmine were amplification of the lethargy and somnolence which occur late in the course of THC intoxication. We interpret the lack of physostigmine counteraction of the peak psychologic effects of THC as evidence against the hypothesis that THC acts predominantly by an anticholinergic mechanism.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Effects of high dosage delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on sleep patterns in man.

Electroencephalographic readings and eye movement were recorded in experienced marijuana users under placebo and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Four subjects were studied for 3 baseline nights, 3 nights under initial dosage of 70 mg/day, the last 3 nights of a 2-wk period of 210 mg/day, and the first 3 nights of withdrawal. Three other subjects were studied only during the latter 2 conditions. Administration of THC significantly reduced eye movement activity during sleep with rapid eye movements (REM) and, to a lesser extent, the duration of REM itself. Withdrawal led to increases above baseline in both measures but the "rebound" effect was greater for eye movement. Stage 4 sleep tended to increase on drug, but this effect was not statistically significant. On withdrawal, stage 4 sleep decreased significantly; this change was marked only on the first withdrawal night. The functional or biological significance of these changes is unclear. Nevertheless, these are the most marked effects of THC on brain electrical activity demonstrated thus far. Since its pattern of effects on sleep appears unique to THC, this drug may prove to be a valuable tool in the elucidation of the pharmacology of sleep. Possible relations between effects on sleep pattern and on behavior are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Respiratory effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol.

The respiratory effects of smoked marijuana and oral delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta9THC) have been studied in healthy males by assessing displacement of the respiratory response curve. Both cause slight respiratory depression, in some subjects it stimulates respiration. High doses of pentobarbital depress respiration but low doses apparently do not.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1975

Interactions in man of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. II. Cannabinol and cannabidiol.

Oral doses of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) 20 mg, combined with placebo or with 40 mg dses of cannabinol (CBN) and cannabidiol (CBD), were given to volunteers. The combination of THC with CBN produced no detectable changes in the quality, intensity, or duration of the effects of THC alone. The THC-CBD combination tended to delay onset and prolong effects of THC, while making them somewhat more intense. Even this interactive effect was slight, providing no reason to abandon the current practice of basing doses of marihuana for clinical studies solely on THC content.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

The analgesic properties of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and codeine.

The administration of single oral doses of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) to patients with cancer pain demonstrated a mild analgesic effect. At a dose of 20 mg, however, THC induced side effects that would prohibit its therapeutic use including somnolence, dizziness, ataxia, and blurred vision. Alarming adverse reactions were also observed at this dose. THC, 10 mg, was well tolerated and, despite its sedative effect, may analgesic potential.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1975

Cardiovascular effects of prolonged delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol ingestion.

In contrast to the tachycardia and unchanged or increased blood pressure seen after single doses, prolonged delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) ingestion produced significant heart rate slowing and blood pressure lowering in hospitalized volunteers. Impaired circulatory responses to standing, exercise, Valsalva maneuver, and cold pressor testing suggest a state of sympathetic insufficiency. Marked weight gain was observed in all subjects, which has been shown to be related to fluid retention and plasma volume expansion. Tolerance developed to orthostatic hypotension, possibly related to plasma volume expansion, but did not develop to the supine hypotensive effects. Nearly complete tolerance developed to the tachycardia and psychological effects produced by smoked marijuana while ingesting THC. Electrocardiographic changes were minimal despite the large cumulative dose of THC. The hypothesis that THC has a biphasic effect on the sympathetic nervous system in man, producing excitation with single doses and inhibition with prolonged administration, is discussed.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1975

Action of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. An approach to the active metabolite hypothesis.

The active metabolite hypothesis, that delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) must be converted to its 11-hydroxy metabolite before it becomes active, was tested in a study of subjects chosen as rapid and slow hydroxylators of drugs on the basis of antipyrine and phenylbutazone plasma disappearance rates. Although the sample of subjects showed the customary wide variations in effects experienced after an intravenously administered dose of THC, it was impossible to correlate either the speed of onset, total intensity, or duration of these effects with speed of hydroxylation of drugs. Although 11-hydroxy-THC has unquestioned activity indistinguishable from THC itself, it need not necessarily be solely responsible for the pharmacologic activity of THC.

Adolescent↗