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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Comparison of the antiinflammatory effects of Drosera rotundifolia and Drosera madagascariensis in the HET-CAM assay.

The antiinflammatory effects of ethanol and aqueous extracts from Drosera rotundifolia and from Drosera madagascariensis were compared in vivo in the HET-CAM assay. Both extracts from D. rotundifolia and the ethanol extract from D. madagascariensis showed remarkable efficacy at doses of 500 microg/pellet. The inhibition of the inflammation by the extracts was stronger than that by 50 microg hydrocortisone/pellet. In contrast, there was only a very weak effect observed at a dose of 500 microg/pellet of the water extract from D. madagascariensis. The chemical analyses of the extracts showed that the effect cannot be attributed to naphthoquinones, but might be due to flavonoids. Ellagic acid obviously plays an important role in the antiangiogenic effect of the Drosera extracts.

Allantois↗
PubMed2005

Antimicrobial activity and chemical investigation of Brazilian Drosera.

The antimicrobial activity of three different extracts (hexanic, ethyl acetate, methanol) obtained from Brazilian Drosera species (D. communis, D. montana var. montana, D. brevifolia, D. villosa var. graomogolensis, D. villosa var. villosa, Drosera sp. 1, and Drosera sp. 2 ) were tested against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Enterococcus faecium (ATCC23212), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC27853), Escherichia coli (ATCC11229), Salmonella choleraesuis (ATCC10708), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC13883), and Candida albicans (a human isolate). Better antimicrobial activity was observed with D. communis and D. montana var. montana ethyl acetate extracts. Phytochemical analyses from D. communis, D. montana var. montana and D. brevifolia yielded 5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (plumbagin); long chain aliphatic hydrocarbons were isolated from D. communis and from D. villosa var. villosa, a mixture of long chain aliphatic alcohols and carboxylic acids, was isolated from D. communis and 3b-O-acetylaleuritolic acid from D. villosa var. villosa.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Secondary metabolites in in vitro cultured plants of the genus Drosera.

Extracts from plantlets of different species of the genus Drosera, grown as in vitro cultures, were evaluated for the level of phenolic secondary metabolites from the group of naphthoquinones and flavonols. The profiles of natural products in the extracts obtained from different species were monitored by HPLC with UV detection at 260 and 330 nm. On the basis of the data obtained, Drosera binata, the species with the highest amount of plumbagin, was selected for further studies. The most effective method of extraction of quinones was established and the composition of phenolic secondary metabolites in the tissues was determined. For the identification of phenolic compounds, HPLC-UV and HPLC-ESI/MS were applied.

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic↗
PubMed2005

Tentacles of in vitro-grown round-leaf sundew (Drosera rotundifolia L.) show induction of chitinase activity upon mimicking the presence of prey.

Induction of plant-derived chitinases in the leaves of a carnivorous plant was demonstrated using aseptically grown round-leaf sundew (Drosera rotundifolia L.). The presence of insect prey was mimicked by placing the chemical inducers gelatine, salicylic acid and crustacean chitin on leaves. In addition, mechanical stirring of tentacles was performed. Chitinase activity was markedly increased in leaf exudates upon application of notably chitin. Application of gelatine increased the proteolytic activity of leaf exudates, indicating that the reaction of sundew leaves depends on the molecular nature of the inducer applied. In situ hybridization of sundew leaves with a Drosera chitinase probe showed chitinase gene expression in different cell types of non-treated leaves, but not in the secretory cells of the glandular heads. Upon induction, chitinase mRNA was also present in the secretory cells of the sundew leaf. The combined results indicate that chitinase is likely to be involved in the decomposition of insect prey by carnivorous plants. This adds a novel role to the already broad function of chitinases in the plant kingdom and may contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind the ecological success of carnivorous plants in nutritionally poor environments.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Anti-inflammatory and spasmolytic activity of extracts from Droserae herba.

An ethanolic extract of Drosera madagascariensis inhibited human neutrophil elastase with an IC50 of 9.4 microg/ml. The naphthoquinones present in the extract were not responsible for this effect, but flavonoids like quercetin (IC50 0.8 microg/ml), hyperoside (IC50 0.15 microg/ml) and isoquercitrin (IC50 0.7 microg/ml) contributed to inhibition of the enzyme. In guinea-pig ileum the extract (0.5-1 mg/ml) induced a spasmolytic effect via affecting cholinergic M3 receptors and histamine H1 receptors, respectively. At contractile prostanoid receptors of guinea-pig trachea the Drosera extract was not effective.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Main constituents of a commercial Drosera fluid extract and their antagonist activity at muscarinic M3 receptors in guinea-pig ileum.

The range of known constituents of Drosera species is extended by identification of myricetin 3-O-galactoside, from D. madagascariensis, and (+)-cis-isoshinanolone, obtained from a commercial fluid extract. They are accompanied by the naphthoquinones droserone and plumbagin, typical of this taxon, and a series of ubiquitous flavonols, including the rarely found gossypitrin present in the latter source. Conspicuously, the commercial form of D. peltata, non-accepted by the commission E, was found to be devoid of flavonoids. In addition, the fortuitous availability of the authentic enigmatic sample 'CON', previously isolated from D. rotundifolia, led to its characterization as common quercetin. Experiments performed on isolated guinea-pig ileum demonstrated that quercetin respectively 'CON' moderately inhibited carbachol-induced contractions at 10 microM (pD'2 5.09 +/- 0.02), while (+)-cis-isoshinanolone (100 microM) was inactive. This result indicates that quercetin derivatives may well contribute to the therapeutic use of Drosera preparations.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1998

Antimicrobial activity of aerial parts of Drosera peltata Smith on oral bacteria.

The antimicrobial activity of extracts of aerial parts of Drosera peltata Smith against oral bacteria was investigated using agar diffusion and dilution micromethods. The chloroformic extract, active against all the bacteria tested, showed the most significant antimicrobial properties. Plumbagin, isolated from the extract, is the active principle. Results obtained suggest that Drosera peltata extract could be used in the treatment of oral infectious diseases like dental caries and periodontitis.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2005

An S-like ribonuclease gene is used to generate a trap-leaf enzyme in the carnivorous plant Drosera adelae.

Carnivorous plants usually grow in nutrient-deficient habitats, and thus they partly depend on insects for nitrogen and phosphate needed for amino acid and nucleotide synthesis. We report that a sticky digestive liquid from a sundew, Drosera adelae, contains an abundant amount of an S-like ribonuclease (RNase) that shows high amino acid-sequence similarity to S-like RNases induced by phosphate starvation or wounding in normal plants. By giving leaves an RNase "coat", D. adelae seems to achieve two requirements simultaneously to adapt itself to its specific surroundings: it obtains phosphates from insects, and defends itself against pathogen attack.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2003

Regional and habitat differences in 7-methyljuglone content of Finnish Drosera rotundifolia.

The concentration of 7-methyljuglone was studied in the round-leaved sundew Drosera rotundifolia L. collected from different regions in Northern Finland. Samples for analysis were collected from peat bogs and sandpit habitats. The mean concentration of 7-methyljuglone varied from 1.0 to 2.3% of dry weight. Variation between years in the amount of 7-methyljuglone was significant in plants growing on sand, and in the northernmost region studied. Overall, the variation in the production of 7-methyljuglone among different populations of round-leaved sundew in Northern Finland was rather low. The variation between years in the production of 7-methyljuglone was more significant.

Drosera↗
PubMed2004

In vitro antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory effects of Drosera rotundifolia.

In investigations of the anti-inflammatory and spasmolytic effects of Drosera rotundifolia two extracts were tested in different in vitro assays. An aqueous and an ethanolic extract inhibited human neutrophil elastase, achieving IC50 values of 5 and 1 microg/mL, respectively. The very low naphthoquinone concentrations in the extracts seem not to be responsible for the effect, as the pure compounds were not effective in the test system used. Thus, flavonoids like hyperoside, quercetin and isoquercitrin, which were detected in the extracts in considerable concentrations, may contribute to the activity. These substances showed activity in the assay. Ellagic acid, detected especially in the ethanolic extract in higher amounts, was substantially less active than the flavonoids. In guinea-pig ileum the extracts led to an antispasmodic effect possibly by affecting an allosteric binding site of the muscarinic M3 receptors.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Chemical constituents of Drosera peltata Smith var. lunata (Buch.-Ham.) C.B. clarke collected in Tibet].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the chemical constituents of the whole plant of Drosera peltata var. lunata collected in Tibet. METHOD: Compounds were separated by means of pH gradient extraction and rechromatography on silica gel, and the structures were determined by spectral analysis and physicochemical evidence. RESULT: Five crystalline compounds were obtained and elucidated as plumbagin(1), droserone(2), hydroxydroserone(3), beta-sitosterol(4) and stigmasterol(5) respectively. CONCLUSION: Compound 3 and 5 were isolated from the plant for the first time.

Drosera↗
PubMed2000

Naphthoquinone glucosides of Drosera gigantea from in vitro cultures.

From the shoots of Drosera gigantea propagated under in vitro culture, the rare naphthoquinone glucosides droserone (3,5-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) and hydroxydroserone (3,5,8-trihydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinone) 5-O-beta-glucosides, together with the free naphthoquinones droserone, hydroxydroserone and plumbagin were isolated. The structures of the glucosides and hydroxydroserone were studied by 2D NMR techniques. The glucosides appear to be responsible for the brown-red (maroon) colour of this plant. Of the other naphthoquinones typical for the family Droseraceae only hydroplumbagin glucoside could be detected, whereas the presence of 7-methyljuglone and rossoliside (= 7-methylhydrojuglone glucoside) was excluded.

Culture Techniques↗
PubMed1997

Deoxyribonuclease secreted from an insectivorous plant Drosera adelae.

A deoxyribonuclease that is secreted from an insectivorous plant Drosera adelae was partially purified by column chromatography. The enzyme acted as an endonuclease on double-stranded DNA and generated oligonucleotides with 3' hydroxyl and 5' phosphate ends. The activity of the enzyme was high in the range from pH 3.5 to 5.0. The enzyme seemed to require divalent cations for maximum activity.

Animals↗