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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Individual prognosis in endogenous affective and schizoaffective psychoses: clinical predictors].

The purpose of the work was to search for predictors for early individual prognosis of the clinical characteristics of affective and schizoaffective psychoses and forecasting treatment responses to the tricyclic antidepressants and prevention with lithium salts. 285 patients (190 with affective and 95 with schizoaffective pathology) were examined. The mean disease standing was about 15 years, the mean duration of the follow-up amounted to over 4 years. More than 40 clinical and therapeutic signs were taken into account on the whole. The data were processed by EC-1036 computer. A number of coefficients indicating the intensity of interrelations between the study signs were computed. Based on the magnitudes of the above coefficients, the lists of the clinical predictor signs and protector signs were compiled to be used in psychiatric practice.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Clinical application of two computerized diabetes management systems: comparison with the log-book method.

In two consecutive studies the clinical application and suitability of two computer-assisted data management systems (Camit and Cadmo) were evaluated in a prospective manner. In each study nineteen long-standing, stable insulin-dependent patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups. In study I assessment of metabolic control and insulin dose adjustments were based either on the Camit S1 data analysis or on the conventional log-book method, whereas in study II the Camit S2 and the Cadmo simulation programs were evaluated. HbA1c values decreased significantly in both studies (p < 0.05). A clear decline in hypoglycemic events as well as a significant reduction of the percentage of glucose values below 4.0 mmol/l (p < 0.005) and a marked increase (p < 0.05) in the percentage of glucose levels in the target range (4.0-10.0 mmol/l) were observed. We found both computerized assessment systems to be reliable and suitable for the assessment of blood glucose control and for insulin dose finding. The graphical and statistical presentation of the numerous glucose and insulin data allowed a better summary of blood glucose control and metabolic trends. More time could be spent for problem solving, which proved to be much less exhausting with the computer for the attending physician. Further studies should address the educational potential of computerized systems for the patient as well as for the physician.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Computer-based case tracing (COMTRAC).

To assist clinical assessment and decision making, a computer-based system has been developed to organize key data of individual medical records and display these data in a standard graphic format for each disease. A program for multiple myeloma has been completed and 150 case records entered. The data accessed by computer-based case tracing on all cases of a particular disease are available for cumulative and comparative analyses of different therapeutic regimens.

Data Display↗
PubMed1992

Mexiletine and propafenone: a comparative study of monotherapy, low, and full dose combination therapy.

The electrophysiological effects of combination therapy of mexiletine and propafenone were assessed using standard 12-lead electrocardiogram (standard ECG), signal-averaged ECG (SAECG), and ambulatory ECG in 31 patients with ventricular arrhythmias. All patients underwent mexiletine monotherapy (M-mono), propafenone monotherapy (P-mono), low dose combination therapy (low M+P), and full dose combination therapy (full M+P). Full M+P increased the PQ interval and QRS duration to the same extent as P-mono did. Low M+P increased PQ interval and QRS duration to a lesser extent than P-mono and full M+P did. P-mono and full M+P significantly decreased root mean square (RMS) and increased f-QRS in SAECG, while M-mono and low M+P showed only a weak trend. SAECGs with late potentials increased in number with treatments; 9 in predrug control, 11 on M-mono, 15 on P-mono, 10 on low M+P, and 14 on full M+P. The percent suppression of frequent premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) (> 1,000/day) with M-mono, P-mono, low M+P, and full M+P were 46.4 +/- 9.0, 56.6 +/- 10.4, 64.4 +/- 9.2, and 71.4 +/- 7.1, respectively, and those of frequent couplets (> 10/day) were 58.3 +/- 17.7, 62.6 +/- 23.6, 87.5 +/- 6.2, and 92.1 +/- 4.0, respectively. Thus, full dose combination of mexiletine and propafenone exhibited the maximum antiarrhythmic efficacy without enhancement of effects on standard ECG and SAECG. Low dose combination therapy showed better antiarrhythmic efficacy in association with lesser effects on standard ECG and SAECG compared with propafenone monotherapy.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
PubMed1992

Continuous focal spikes during REM sleep in a case of acquired aphasia (Landau-Kleffner syndrome).

We report a girl 3 years and 6 months old with onset of aphasia at age 3 years and 3 months. There was no evidence of brain damage and there were no seizures. The neuropsychological evaluation showed that the girl tended to be right-handed, that aphasia was global and that other higher cortical functions seemed to be preserved. Isolated spikes and spikes-and-wave were recorded during wake over the right temporal region with rare independent contralateral abnormalities. During polysomnography (PSG), the physiological patterns of sleep were preserved and right temporal epileptiform discharges were significantly increased in all sleep stages. Maximal activation was obtained at sleep onset and during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep periods, when focal abnormalities became continuous and spread contralaterally. Repeat PSGs showed that the activation profile retained this particular trait, although subclinical discharges tended to increase during slow wave sleep (SWS). This pattern of subclinical temporal status epilepticus during REM sleep differs from the characteristic activation profile found in the syndrome of continuous spikes-and-waves during SWS. However, this profile was transient and all epileptiform changes disappeared during clinical recovery at 18 months of follow-up.

Anticonvulsants↗
PubMed1992

[Effect of using recombinant human erythropoietin on the effectiveness of hemodialysis in children with terminal renal failure].

Recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) was administered to 12 children aged 8-17 years subjected to hemodialysis for a mean period of 16 (S.D. 19.7) months prior to EPO treatment. The hormone was administered thrice weekly at an intravenous dose of 25-75 u/kg until hemoglobin value of 100 g/l was obtained, and subsequently at maintenance doses for mean period of 7 (S.D. 4.0) months. The urea kinetic modeling (UKM) algorithms allowed to compute dialysis index KT/V for each patient in modeling sessions performed once a month. The analysis included the effect of EPO upon: peripheral whole blood count; individual UKM parameters; selected laboratory data (predialysis potassium, phosphorus, creatinine, total blood protein and albumin levels) in three randomized groups according to the value of KT/V: I. KT/V less than or equal to 1.0--underdialyzed, II. KT/V (1.0-1.4)--adequately dialyzed, III. KT/V greater than 1.4--overdialyzed. The results from 188 pre-EPO modeling sessions and 78 sessions in the course of EPO treatment were compared. All the three groups revealed increased Hb, Ht and erythrocyte count in cu mm, statistically significant in Groups II and III. EPO administration resulted in an improvement of dialysis adequacy, increasing the number of adequate modeling sessions from 66 up to 90% and simultaneously reducing the number of sessions in Groups I and III from 9.5 to 2.5% and from 24.5 to 7.5%, respectively. The 2.4% decrease of dialysis index observed after EPO administration was due to increased urea distribution volume.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Antineoplastic-drug effect evaluated with a new X-ray stereophotographic measurement of the tumour volume.

A method for determination and follow up of the size of inoperable intraabdominal tumours has been devised. At laparotomy, tantalum balls are deposited into the capsule of the tumour. An X-ray stereophotogrammetric method determines their position, which define a polyhedron whose volume can be computer calculated. The value of the method was proved in four patients with inoperable ovarian carcinoma, which provides a simple way for the continuous follow up of the effect of antineoplastic therapy in advanced malignant tumours.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1992

[Anthracycline cardiotoxicity evaluated by digitized M-mode echocardiography].

Ten patients with malignant diseases whose mean age was 20.0 +/- 13.2 years received anthracycline derivatives therapy and were evaluated for their left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions by computer-assisted digitized M-mode echocardiography. Fractional shortening (%FS), a parameter of systolic function, was measured. The first derivative of left ventricular dimension change (peak LV dD/dt), posterior wall thinning (peak LVPW thinning rate) and interventricular septum thinning (peak IVS thinning rate) were used as indices of diastolic function. Blood pressure (BP) was measured noninvasively at the end of the echocardiographic examination and hemoglobin concentration (Hb) was measured on the same day. These examinations were performed immediately before administration of anthracycline and one week and one month after the last administration. Statistical analyses were performed using the Student's t-test. The mean BP, HR, LVDd, LVDs, LVPW and IVS remained unchanged following the drug administration. %FS did not change significantly; 36.8 +/- 6.3%, before the administration, 35.3 +/- 6.5%, one week after the administration, and 36.5 +/- 5.1%, one month after the administration. Peak LVdD/dt and the peak LVPW thinning rate decreased appreciably from 4.46 +/- 1.10 to 3.76 +/- 1.08, and from 7.99 +/- 1.55 to 6.41 +/- 1.04, respectively, one week after the administration. The peak IVS thinning rate decreased from 3.54 +/- 0.81 to 2.99 +/- 0.79 after one week (p < 0.01). All of these values returned to the control levels in one month after the drug administration. We concluded that the indices of left ventricular diastolic function were more sensitive for detecting cardiac impairment than those of systolic function during the course of anthracycline therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Further development of a computer program for supporting psychiatric diagnosis and choice of therapy].

The algorithm grouping the patients into natural subsets, according to their psychopathological features or results of laboratory examinations, was extended by a software enabling the allowance of a new patient to the nearest subset taking into account any features describing the representative set. Apart from that the system was extended by a software of multi-criterion assessment of drug usability in empirical subsets of patients. It was found out that the developed information system makes it possible to assess such relations between the features of the examined phenomenon that would not be noticeable without using the system.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1975

Computerized Electroencephalogram. A model of understanding the brain function in childhood psychosis and its treatment.

Computer analysis of the electroencephalogram (CEEG) in psychotic children before and after pharmacotherapy, normal children of schizophrenic mothers, and matched normal children of normal parents indicated significant intergroup differences. The psychotic children had more slow, as well as very fast, EEG waves. With drug therapy the EEG showed a partial "normalization," as fast EEG activity decreased. The EEG and auditory evoked potential of children of schizophrenic mothers were strikingly similar to those of psychotic children and schizophrenic adults, with significant decreases of the average EEG amplitude and the evoked potential latencies. Psychotic children were distinctly differentiated from the normal children by discriminant function analysis of the EEG and EP. Quantitative analysis of brain functions in the mentally ill can help determine the neurophysiological correlates of behavior, a more scientific diagnostic classification, prognosis, and selection of therapy.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1979

Reduction of intimal thickening in canine coronary bypass vein grafts with dipyridamole and aspirin.

The potential benefit of platelet inhibitor drugs on coronary arterial bypass vein grafts was assessed in dogs with magnification-corrected angiographic luminal measurements and quantitative histologic evaluation of the vein grafts. There were 11 control animals and 11 animals treated with dipyridamole, 55 mg/day, plus aspirin, 325 mg/day. Eighteen animals with patent grafts were studied when electively killed 2, 4 or 6 months after grafting. At 14 days, there was greater angiographic narrowing in the most distal 1 cm of vein grafts in control than in treated dogs (P less than 0.01). This same angiographic narrowing persisted in control dogs until they were killed (P less than 0.03). Computer-assisted measurements of the entire area of intimal thickening were done on vein graft cross sections taken 1 cm from the distal anastomosis. The circumference of the vein grafts at the intimal-media junction was measured from the same section and the potential maximal luminal area calculated. The calculated luminal narrowing due to intimal thickening was greater in control than in treated dogs (P less than 0.03). These data correlate well with the demonstrated angiographic narrowing. The findings indicate that the degree of early intimal thickening that persists 2 to 6 months postoperatively in canine coronary bypass vein grafts may be reduced by the platelet inhibitor combination of dipyridamole plus aspirin.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

EEG-brain mapping. A method to optimize therapy in schizophrenics using absolute power and center frequency values.

In this study EEG-spectral parameters like mean alpha-power values and center frequency values are computed as maps and compared using significant probability mapping. The parameters are used to describe changes of the functional state of the brain after neuroleptic depot injection (Haldol-Decanoate) in schizophrenic patients. The absolute alpha-power increased significantly (p < 0.01), especially within the first week after injection mostly in the left hemispheric regions. The center frequency decreased most significantly (p < 0.02) between the first and second week after haldol depot injection at the right occipital regions. Both parameters are efficient to describe functional changes correlated with clinical symptomatology, even 3-5 days earlier. Thus, EEG power and center frequency mapping can be used very efficiently to estimate the optimal time between sequential neuroleptic depot injections.

Adult↗